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銅 (Kangxi radical 167,金+6, 14 strokes,cangjie input金月一口 (CBMR),four-corner87120,composition⿰釒同)
| trad. | 銅 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 铜 | |
| Chemical element | |
|---|---|
| Cu | |
| Previous:鎳／镍 (niè) (Ni) | |
| Next:鋅／锌 (xīn) (Zn) | |
| Historical forms of the character銅 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) |
| Small seal script |
 |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 鮦 | *duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ |
| 侗 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 恫 | *tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 痌 | *tʰoːŋ |
| 同 | *doːŋ |
| 仝 | *zlon, *doːŋ |
| 銅 | *doːŋ |
| 桐 | *doːŋ |
| 峒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 硐 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 筒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 洞 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 烔 | *doːŋ |
| 挏 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 酮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 鲖 | |
| 眮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
| 衕 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 哃 | *doːŋ |
| 絧 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 姛 | *doːŋʔ |
| 詷 | *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
| 胴 | *doːŋs |
| 駧 | *doːŋs |
| 迵 | *doːŋs |
| 戙 | *doːŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*doːŋ): semantic 金(“metal”) + phonetic 同(OC*doːŋ).
Since metals are typically associated with color, the word is probably related to彤 (OC*l'uːŋ, “red”) (Schuessler, 2007).
The word "copper" occurs in some Southeast Asian languages with initiall- (Sagart, 1999). Examples includeZhuangluengz,Bouyeiluangz andBu-Nao Bunuloŋ², which are early loans from Chinese.
Tibetanདོང་ཙེ(dong tse,“Chinese copper coin”) was borrowed fromChinese銅子／铜子 (tóngzǐ).
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 銅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒紅切 |
| Baxter | duwng |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /duŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /duŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 銅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tóng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ duwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[l]ˁoŋ/ |
| English | bronze, copper |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 銅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12448 |
| Phonetic component | 同 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 同 |
| Old Chinese | /*doːŋ/ |
銅
Others:
| Chemical element | |
|---|---|
| Cu | |
| Previous:ニッケル(nikkeru) (Ni) | |
| Next:亜鉛(aen) (Zn) | |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 銅 |
| どう Grade: 5 |
| kan'yōon |
FromMiddle Chinese銅 (MC duwng). Compare modernMin Nan readingtông,Wudon,Xiangdong2.
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 銅 |
| あかがね Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
Compound of赤(aka,“red”) +金(kane,“metal”).[3][1] Thekane changes togane as an instance ofrendaku (連濁).
First cited to theNihon Shoki of 720CE.[3]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 銅 |
| あか Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
Abbreviation ofakagane.[1]
銅:Hán Việt readings:đồng
銅:Nôm readings:đòng,đồng
