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辭

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:詞,辞,辝,and辤

辭	U+8FAD,辭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FAD

←辬
[U+8FAC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

辮 →
[U+8FAE]

Translingual

[edit]

Japanese	辞
Simplified	辞
Traditional	辭

Kangxi Dictionary:page 1252, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38671
Dae Jaweon: page 1732, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4043, character 13
Unihan data for U+8FAD

Chinese

[edit]

trad.		辭
simp.		辞
alternative forms		𤔲辤辞𤔧辝𤔲辤辞𤔧辝𨐲

Glyph origin

[edit]

Historical forms of the character辭
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the samephonetic series (辭)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
辤	*ljɯ
辭	*ljɯ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 𤔔(“govern”) + 辛(“punishment”) – litigation.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):cí (ci²)
(Zhuyin):ㄘˊ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):ci²
(Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):cí
(Nanjing,Nanjing Pinyin):cií
(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):цы (cɨ, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):ci⁴
(Taishan,Wiktionary):lhu³
Gan(Wiktionary):ci²
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):chhṳ̀
(Meixian,Guangdong):ci²
Jin(Wiktionary):si¹
Northern Min(KCR):cǔ
Eastern Min(BUC):sṳ̀
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):so² / si²
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):sîr /sû /sî
(Teochew,Peng'im):si⁵ / se⁵
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁶zy
Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):zr²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:cí
  - Zhuyin:ㄘˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:cíh
  - Wade–Giles:tzʻŭ²
  - Yale:tsź
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:tsyr
  - Palladius:цы(cy)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:ci²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:c
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰz̩²¹/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin:cí
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin:cií
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered):cii²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:цы (cɨ, I)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:ci⁴
  - Yale:chìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin:tsi⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization:qi⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰiː²¹/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:lhu³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬu²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:ci²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:chhṳ̀
  - Hakka Romanization System:cii^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:ci²
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:ci²
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:si¹
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/sz̩¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:cǔ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡su²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:sṳ̀
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/sy⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:so²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:seó
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬo¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:so²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬo²⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:si²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:sí
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬi¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:si²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬi²⁴/

Note:

so2 - literary;
si2 - vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:sîr
  - Tâi-lô:sîr
  - IPA (Quanzhou):/sɯ²⁴/
- (Hokkien:GeneralTaiwanese,Xiamen,Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:sû
  - Tâi-lô:sû
  - Phofsit Daibuun:suu
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/su²³/
  - IPA (Taipei,Xiamen):/su²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou):/su¹³/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,Jinjiang,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:sî
  - Tâi-lô:sî
  - Phofsit Daibuun:sii
  - IPA (Zhangzhou):/si¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen,Quanzhou,Jinjiang,Taipei):/si²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/si²³/

Note:

sîr/sû - literary;
sî - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:si⁵ / se⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:sî / sṳ̂
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/si⁵⁵/, /sɯ⁵⁵/

Note: se5 -diction,phraseology (in修辭,講辭).

Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁶zy
  - MiniDict:zy^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³zr
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/zz̩²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:zr²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sz̩¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 辭
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰz̩⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰz̩³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰz̩²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡sʰz̩²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/sz̩¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰz̩¹³/ /sz̩¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zz̩²³/
	Suzhou	/zz̩¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zz̩²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zz̩³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sz̩¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/d͡zz̩¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰï¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰi²¹/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰz̩²¹/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰi²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/su³⁵/ /si³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sy⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡su²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/sɯ⁵⁵/ /si⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ti³¹/～別 /si³¹/～典

Middle Chinese:zi

Rime
Character	辭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	似兹切
Baxter	zi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/zɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/zɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/zie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zɨ/
Li Rong	/ziə/
Wang Li	/zĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/zi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*sə.lə/
(Zhengzhang):/*ljɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	辭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cí
Middle Chinese	‹ zi ›
Old Chinese	/*sə.lə/
English	words
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	辭
Reading #	1/1
No.	1684
Phonetic component	辭
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	詞
Old Chinese	/*ljɯ/

Definitions

[edit]

辭

diction;phraseology;speech;words
See also:詞
修辭／修辞 ― xiūcí ― rhetoric ("refinement of speech")
辭書／辞书 ― císhū ― dictionary;wordbook
Ci(a form of classical poetry)
《楚辭》／《楚辞》 ― “Chǔcí” ― Verses of Chu
(obsolete)legal statement;deposition;testimony;confession
todepart; totake one'sleave
告辭／告辞 ― gàocí ― goodbye ("allow me to take leave")
todismiss; todischarge; tofire
辭退／辞退 ― cítuì ― to discharge
- 1953,危樓春曉 [In the Face of Demolition],張瑛 [Cheung Ying] (actor); excerpted inthe Corpus of Mid-20th Century Hong Kong Cantonese,(Please provide a date or year):
  威哥，點解公司忽然間會辭你呢？[Cantonese,trad.]
  威哥，点解公司忽然间会辞你呢？[Cantonese,simp.]
  wai¹ go¹, dim² gaai² gung¹ si¹ fat¹ jin⁴ gaan¹ wui⁵ci⁴ nei⁵ ne¹?[Jyutping]
  Brother Wai, why would your company suddenlyfire you?
toresign; tohand in
辭職／辞职 ― cízhí ― to resign one's office; to tender one's resignation
toshirk; todecline
不辭勞苦／不辞劳苦 ― bùcíláokǔ ― tospare no effort
toapologize(to acceptfault and invite thepardon of theoffended)
- 宣子辭焉，使即事於會，成愷悌也。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  宣子辞焉，使即事于会，成恺悌也。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From:Commentary of Zuo,c. 4^th centuryBCE
  Xuānzǐcí yān, shǐ jíshì yú huì, chéng kǎitì yě.[Pinyin]
  Xuanzi (of Fan)apologized to him (Juzhi) and invited him to participate in the convention, so that his reputation as a "graceful and courteous lord" could be preserved.
toexcuse; tomake up excuses(to provideexplanation to lessen someone's fault)
- 求！君子疾夫舍曰欲之，而必為之辭。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  求！君子疾夫舍曰欲之，而必为之辞。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From: TheAnalects of Confucius,c. 475 – 221BCE, translated based onJames Legge's version
  Qiú! Jūnzǐ jí fú shě yuē yùzhī, ér bì wèizhīcí.[Pinyin]
  Qiu, the superior man hates those declining to say 'I want such and such a thing,' andframing explanations for their conduct.
- 今之君子，豈徒順之，又從為之辭。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  今之君子，岂徒顺之，又从为之辞。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From:Mencius,c. 4^th centuryBCE, translated based onJames Legge's version
  Jīn zhī jūnzǐ, qǐ tú shùnzhī, yòu cóng wèizhīcí.[Pinyin]
  But do the superior men of the present day only persist in their errors? They go onto apologize for them likewise.

Synonyms

[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of解僱 (“to terminate someone's employment; to fire; to sack”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		解僱,辭退,解聘,開除,革除,解職
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	解僱,炒魷魚
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	開除,炒魷魚
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	開銷
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	開銷,開除
Southwestern Mandarin	Liuzhou	炒魷魚
Cantonese	Guangzhou	炒魷魚,炒魷
	Hong Kong	炒魷魚,炒魷,炒,豉椒炒魷,開除,辭,食無情雞,雞
	Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)	除職
	Macau	炒魷魚
	Guangzhou(Panyu)	炒魷魚
	Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)	炒魷魚
	Guangzhou(Conghua)	炒魷魚
	Guangzhou(Zengcheng)	辭退
	Foshan	炒魷魚
	Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)	炒魷魚
	Foshan(Shunde)	炒魷魚
	Foshan(Sanshui)	炒魷魚
	Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)	唔使
	Zhongshan(Shiqi)	炒魷魚
	Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	炒魷魚
	Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	唔請
	Zhuhai(Doumen)	唔請
	Jiangmen(Baisha)	炒魷魚,唔請
	Jiangmen(Xinhui)	唔請
	Taishan	唔請,炒魷魚,炒
	Kaiping(Chikan)	唔請,炒魷魚
	Enping(Niujiang)	唔請
	Heshan(Yayao)	辭工
	Dongguan	炒魷魚
	Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)	炒魷魚
	Singapore(Guangfu)	炒魷魚
Gan	Pingxiang	開銷
Hakka	Meixian	辭退,解僱,炒魷魚
	Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)	唔愛去做,炒魷魚,打豎鋪
	Dongguan(Qingxi)	炒魷魚
	Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)	炒魷魚
	Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)	炒魷魚
	Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)	解僱
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	解僱
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	解僱
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	解僱
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	解僱
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	解僱
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	辭
Southern Min	Xiamen	辭頭路,辭,齧拗,齧捒
	Zhao'an	辭退
	Tainan	辭頭路
	Singapore(Hokkien)	卜頭路
	Manila(Hokkien)	擗捒,刣捒
	Shantou	解僱,炒鰇魚
	Jieyang	清,炒鰇魚
	Haifeng	炒鰇魚
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)	除工
Southern Pinghua	Nanning(Tingzi)	炒魷魚
Wu	Shanghai	炒魷魚
Wu	Hangzhou	回報
Xiang	Changsha	開銷