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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:and
U+7F8E,美
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F8E

[U+7F8D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7F8F]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
9 strokes
Stroke order
(Chinese)
Stroke order
(Japan)

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 123,+3, 9 strokes,cangjie input廿土大 (TGK),four-corner80431,composition𦍌)

Descendants

[edit]

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 951, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28435
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1393, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3126, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7F8E


Chinese

[edit]
trad.
simp.#
alternative forms

ancient
ancient
𫟈

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
ShangWestern Zhou
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptions
Characters in the samephonetic series ()(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*mriʔ
*mriʔ
*mriʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a person () wearing a headdress (now written) of feathers or ram's horn.

The modern form could be considered an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意):(ram or feathers) +(person).

See also,, and.

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*mwaj(beautiful, well, perfectly) (STEDT).

According toSchuessler (2007), cognate withMizomawi(beautiful, lovely),Jingphomoi(perfectly, beautifully) as well asKarbime-(be good) andJingphocha mai(good); the former two items from *moy "beautiful" and the latter from *may "good, well", which were two roots reconstructed separately byBenedict (1972).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note: buei3/buai3 - used in place names (豐美).
Note:
  • mi2 - Chaoyang;
  • bhuê2 - used in some place names.

Rime
Character
Reading #1/1
Initial () (4)
Final () (17)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()III
Fanqie
BaxtermijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mˠiɪX/
Pan
Wuyun
/mᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen
/miɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/mjiX/
Li
Rong
/mjiX/
Wang
Li
/miX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/miX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
mei5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
měi
Middle
Chinese
‹ mijX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[m]rəjʔ/
Englishbeautiful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/1
No.8951
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*mriʔ/
Notes

Definitions

[edit]

  1. beautiful;pretty;attractive;good-looking
      ― měirén  ―  beautiful woman
    香港夜景[MSC,trad. andsimp.]
    Xiānggǎng de yèjǐng zhēnměi a![Pinyin]
    Hong Kong's nightscape is sobeautiful!
  2. delicious;tasty;flavoursome
      ― měishí  ―  culinary delicacy
  3. good;fine;satisfactory;happy
      ― měijiǔ  ―  good wine
    價廉物价廉物  ― jiàliánwùměi  ―  to be attractive in price and quality
  4. tobeautify; toprettify
      ― měiróng  ―  toimprove one'sappearance
  5. topraise; tocommend
  6. (colloquial) to bepleased with oneself
    一百分兒[MSC,trad.]
    一百分儿[MSC,simp.]
    Tā bù jiù shi dé le ge yī bǎi fēnr ma? Kàn bǎ tāměi de![Pinyin]
    Didn't he just get a one hundred percent? Look at howpleased it made him!
  7. beautifulthings;beauty
    藝術艺术  ― yìshùměi  ―  artistic beauty
    曲線曲线  ― qūxiànměi  ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  8. short for美洲 (Měizhōu):America (asupercontinent)
      ― Nánměi  ―  SouthAmerica
  9. short for美國美国 (Měiguó):America,United States (acountry inNorth America)
    華人华人  ― Měi jí Huárén  ―  ChineseAmerican
    關係关系  ― ZhōngMěi guānxì  ―  Sino-American relations
    屬薩摩亞属萨摩亚  ― Měishǔ Sàmóyà  ― American Samoa
  10. asurname,Mei

Synonyms

[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of漂亮 (“good-looking; beautiful; pretty”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)漂亮,好看,,美麗,美觀,
Northeastern MandarinBeijing好看,漂亮,
Taiwan好看,漂亮
Chifeng好看,漂亮,標緻
Hulunbuir(Hailar)好看,漂亮
Harbin好看,漂亮,,
Shenyang,好看,漂亮,標緻
Singapore,好看,漂亮,美麗
Jilu MandarinTianjin好看,漂亮
Tangshan好看
Cangzhou好看,漂亮,
Baoding好看,漂亮
Shijiazhuang好看
Jinan好看,漂亮,,俊巴,
Jiaoliao MandarinYantai(Muping)
Qingdao漂亮,
Central Plains MandarinLuoyang好看,漂亮,,標緻
Wanrong好看
Zhengzhou漂亮,標緻,好看,齊整
Xi'an,好看,漂亮,標緻,,排場,心疼
Xining好看,標緻,,秀溜
Xuzhou好看,漂亮,標緻,,冠冕,辦事
Lanyin MandarinYinchuan,好看,漂亮,標緻,
Lanzhou好看,漂亮,,
Ürümqi,好看,漂亮,標緻,翠活
Southwestern MandarinChengdu好看,漂亮,,抻抖,抻展
Chongqing,好看,漂亮,,抻抖
Wuhan好看,漂亮,標緻,體面,寧馨,,,刮氣,
Guiyang抻透,抻展,好看,漂亮,秀氣
Kunming好看,漂亮,標緻
Guilin漂亮
Liuzhou,好看,漂亮,2,
Jianghuai MandarinNanjing好看,漂亮,標緻,不醜
Yangzhou,好看,漂亮,標緻,不醜
Nantong好看,漂亮
Hefei,漂亮,好看,格式,排場
CantoneseGuangzhou2,好睇,好樣
Hong Kong2,好睇
Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)2
Macau2
Guangzhou(Panyu)2
Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)2
Guangzhou(Conghua)2
Guangzhou(Zengcheng)2
Foshan2
Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)2
Foshan(Shunde)2
Foshan(Sanshui)2
Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)2
Zhongshan(Shiqi)2
Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)2
Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)2
Zhuhai(Doumen)2
Jiangmen(Baisha)2
Jiangmen(Xinhui)2
Taishan2
Kaiping(Chikan)2
Enping(Niujiang)2
Heshan(Yayao)2
Dongguan2,好樣
Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)2
Yangjiang好看,好樣,2,整齊
Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)2
Penang(Guangfu)2
Singapore(Guangfu)2
GanNanchang客氣,好看,漂亮,齊整
Lichuan好看
Pingxiang好看,客氣,漂亮,標緻,
HakkaMeixian好看,2,3,,,,,標緻,儒雅
Xingning2
Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)2
Huiyang2
Huidong(Daling)2
Dongguan(Qingxi)2
Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)2
Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)2
Wuhua(Shuizhai)2
Wuhua(Huacheng),2
Wuhua(Changbu)2
Wuhua(Mianyang)3
Heyuan(Bendihua)2
Shaoguan(Qujiang)3
Lianshan(Xiaosanjiang)排場
Liannan2
Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)2
Jiexi2
Changting3
Wuping3
Wuping(Pingyu)3
Liancheng3
Ninghua3
Yudu標緻,齊整
Ruijin3
Shicheng,標緻,好看
Shangyou(Shexi)2,,標緻
Miaoli(N. Sixian)3
Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian),3
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)3
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)3
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)3
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)3
Hong Kong2
Luchuan2
Senai(Huiyang)2
Kuching(Hepo)3
HuizhouJixi好看,標緻,漂亮
Shexian好看,漂亮
JinTaiyuan好看,襲人,客戲,漂亮
Xinzhou好看,漂亮,標緻,爽整,襲人,緻氣
Linhe,襲人,好看,漂亮
Jining好看,襲人
Hohhot好看,襲人,,漂亮
Zhangjiakou,好看,漂亮,
Handan,好看,漂亮,俊俏,
Northern MinJian'ou好覷,雅式,生得好
Eastern MinFuzhou,生得好,卓佳,好看,漂亮
Singapore(Fuqing)
Southern MinXiamen,好看,
Xiamen(Tong'an),
Quanzhou,媠靡,,好看
Jinjiang,
Shishi
Anxi
Zhangzhou,好看
Zhao'an
Dongshan
Taipei
New Taipei(Sanxia)
Kaohsiung
Tainan
Kinmen
Penghu(Magong)
Penang(Hokkien)
Singapore(Hokkien),
Manila(Hokkien),好看,
Longyan
Pingnan(Shangdu)2
Chaozhou,好睇
Shantou,,好睇
Shantou(Chenghai),
Shantou(Chaoyang)
Jieyang,,如雅
Puning,生好,好睇
Lufeng,生好
Haifeng,生好
Johor Bahru(Teochew)
Singapore(Teochew)
Leizhou清楚
Wenchang4,好望
Haikou4,2,靚仔,雅目,都緻
Qionghai4
Singapore(Hainanese)4
Zhongshan MinZhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)2,好覷
Southern PinghuaNanning(Tingzi),2
WuShanghai漂亮,好看,好看相,標緻
Shanghai(Songjiang)畢㜺
Shanghai(Chuansha, Pudong)出客
Shanghai(Nanhui, Pudong)出客
Shanghai(Fengxian)
Shanghai(Jinshan)
Shanghai(Chongming)標緻,樣式,登樣
Suzhou好看,標緻,登樣,漂亮
Danyang好看,漂亮,標緻
Hangzhou好看,漂亮
Ningbo好看,漂亮,,㜅門,㜅頭,出格,架勢,細巧,細相,登樣
Wenzhou好覷,生好,骨切
Jinhua好望,,漂亮
XiangChangsha好看,漂亮,腆靦,
Loudi漂亮
Shuangfeng好看,漂亮
  • (United States of America):
edit
Dialectal synonyms of美國 (“United States”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)美利堅合眾國,美國
Northeastern MandarinTaiwan美國
Singapore美國
CantoneseGuangzhou美國,金山 dated
Hong Kong美國,花旗國 dated
Taishan美國,花旗,金山
Kaiping(Chikan)金山
Singapore(Guangfu)美國
HakkaMiaoli(N. Sixian)美國,米國,亞美利加
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)米國,亞美利加
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)美國,米國,亞美利加
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)美國,米國,亞美利加
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)美國,米國,亞美利加
Southern MinXiamen美國
Quanzhou美國
Jinjiang花旗
Zhangzhou美國
Tainan美國
Penang(Hokkien)美國
Singapore(Hokkien)美國
Manila(Hokkien)美國,花旗
Singapore(Teochew)美國
WuShanghai美國,花旗

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic ():

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
See also:

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. beauty,beautiful
  2. good

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 3
kan'on

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

() (bi-na (adnominal()(bina),adverbial()(bini))

  1. beautiful
Inflection
[edit]
Inflection of
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)美だろびだろbi daro
Continuative (連用形)美でびでbi de
Terminal (終止形)美だびだbi da
Attributive (連体形)美なびなbi na
Hypothetical (仮定形)美ならびならbi nara
Imperative (命令形)美であれびであれbi de are
Key constructions
Informal negative美ではない
美じゃない
びではない
びじゃない
bi de wa nai
bi ja nai
Informal past美だったびだったbi datta
Informal negative past美ではなかった
美じゃなかった
びではなかった
びじゃなかった
bi de wa nakatta
bi ja nakatta
Formal美ですびですbi desu
Formal negative美ではありません
美じゃありません
びではありません
びじゃありません
bi de wa arimasen
bi ja arimasen
Formal past美でしたびでしたbi deshita
Formal negative past美ではありませんでした
美じゃありませんでした
びではありませんでした
びじゃありませんでした
bi de wa arimasen deshita
bi ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive美でびでbi de
Conditional美なら(ば)びなら(ば)bi nara (ba)
Provisional美だったらびだったらbi dattara
Volitional美だろうびだろうbi darō
Adverbial美にびにbi ni
Degree美さびさbisa
Classical conjugation of "美なり" (ナリ活用, seeAppendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)美ならびならbinara
Continuative (連用形)美に[1]
美なり[2]
びに
びなり
bini
binari
Terminal (終止形)美なりびなりbinari
Attributive (連体形)美なるびなるbinaru
Realis (已然形)美なれびなれbinare
Imperative (命令形)美なれびなれbinare
Key constructions
Negative美ならずびならずbinarazu
Contrasting conjunction美なれどびなれどbinaredo
Causal conjunction美なればびなればbinareba
Conditional conjunction美ならばびならばbinaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)美なりきびなりきbinariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)美なりけりびなりけりbinarikeri
Adverbial美にびにbini
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.

Noun

[edit]

() (bi

  1. beauty
    ()(ぜん)()
    shizen nobi
    beauty of nature; naturalbeauty

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 3
goon

Pronunciation

[edit]

Affix

[edit]

() (mi

  1. beauty;beautiful

Suffix

[edit]

() (-mi

  1. suffix used by female given names, such as 奈美 (なみ, Nami), 恵美 (えみ, Emi; めぐみ, Megumi), 宏美 (ひろみ, Hiromi)
  2. (rare)suffix used by male given names

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 3
goon
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
S
[prefix](honorific,archaic)added togods and otherspirituallyimportant things
[prefix](honorific,archaic)added tonouns to indicategodlikerespect
[prefix],:(honorific,archaic)added toplacenames to emphasizebeauty
Alternative spelling
(This term,, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

[edit]
  1. ^Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Chinese (MC mijX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448밍〯 (Yale:)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575아ᄅᆞᆷ다올 (Yale:alom-tawol) (Yale:mi)

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (USA(in compounds)):
  • (beauty; good; etc.):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul)IPA(key):[mi(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul:[(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

[edit]
KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun아름다울(areumdaul mi))

  1. hanja form? of(beauty;beautiful)[noun]
  2. hanja form? of :America,USA (acountry inNorth America)(in compounds, in news media)
  3. hanja form? of :America (asupercontinent)(in compounds, in news media)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Proper noun

[edit]
Hanja in this term

(Mi) (hangeul)

  1. (in headlines)short for()()(Miguk,theUSA)
    ,제안대해긍정적입장보여
    Mi, jeane daehae geungjeongjeok ipjang boyeo
    The United States expressed a positive attitude toward the proposal.

Usage notes

[edit]

A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in thehanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of anyhanja.

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전/電子字典.[2]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

:Hán Việt readings:mỹ[1][2],[3]
:Nôm readings:mẻ[2][3][4],mẹ[1][2],mỹ[1][2],mẽ[1][4],mỉa[1][4],mở[1],mỉ[3],[4]

  1. chữ Hán form of/mỹ(beautiful;pretty;good)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1.01.11.21.31.41.5Nguyễn (2014).
  2. 2.02.12.22.3Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. 3.03.13.2Trần (2004).
  4. 4.04.14.24.3Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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