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米

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:釆
米U+7C73,米
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7C73
←籲
[U+7C72]		CJK Unified Ideographs籴 →
[U+7C74]

⽶U+2F76,⽶
KANGXI RADICAL RICE
←⽵
[U+2F75]		Kangxi Radicals⽷ →
[U+2F77]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]
See images of
Radical 119米

米 (Kangxi radical 119,米+0, 6 strokes,cangjie input火木 (FD),four-corner90904,composition⿻丷木(GHJKV) or⿻十⿱丷八(T) or⿻丷⿻十八(T))

  1. Kangxi radical #119,⽶.

Derived characters

[edit]
Additional Derived Characters

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 906, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26832
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1331, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3141, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7C73

Chinese

[edit]
trad.米
simp.#米
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 米(Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 米(Cantonese)
  • 米(Classical)
  • mī(Eastern Min)
  • bí(Southern Min)

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character米
ShangWestern ZhouWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptQin slip scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the samephonetic series (米)(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
謎*miː, *miːs
迷*miː
米*miːʔ
眯*miːʔ
洣*miːʔ
蔝*miːʔ
麊*me
冞*me
糜*mral
敉*meʔ
侎*meʔ
麋*mril
蘪*mril
攗*mril

Pictogram (象形) – rice kernels without husk. The character粟, by contrast, refers to rice kernels with husk. According to Li Xiaoding (李孝定), the horizontal stroke is a bamboo sieve (籭 or篩子). See also the bottom component of暴 in its original form.

Unrelated to木,禾, and来.

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*mej(“grain”). Cognate withGaromi(“rice”),Atong (India)mai(“rice”),Jingphoma(“rice; paddy”),Rabhaমাই(mai),Dimasamai.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation米
MandarinBeijing/mi²¹⁴/
Harbin/mi²¹³/
Tianjin/mi¹³/
Jinan/mi⁵⁵/
Qingdao/mi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou/mi⁵³/
Xi'an/mi⁵³/
Xining/mji⁵³/
Yinchuan/mi⁵³/
Lanzhou/mi⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi/mi⁵¹/
Wuhan/mi⁴²/
Chengdu/mi⁵³/
Guiyang/mi⁴²/
Kunming/mi⁵³/
Nanjing/mi²¹²/
Hefei/mz̩²⁴/
JinTaiyuan/mi⁵³/
Pingyao/mi⁵³/
Hohhot/mi⁵³/
WuShanghai/mi²³/
Suzhou/mi³¹/
Hangzhou/mi⁵³/
Wenzhou/mei³⁵/
HuiShexian/mi³⁵/
Tunxi/me²⁴/
XiangChangsha/mi⁴¹/
Xiangtan/mi⁴²/
GanNanchang/mi²¹³/
HakkaMeixian/mi³¹/
Taoyuan/mi³¹/
CantoneseGuangzhou/mɐi²³/
Nanning/mei²⁴/
Hong Kong/mɐi¹³/
MinXiamen (Hokkien)/bi⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)/mi³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min)/mi²¹/量
/mi⁴²/名
Shantou (Teochew)/bi⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese)/vi²¹³/
Rime
Character米
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)明 (4)
Final (韻)齊 (39)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)IV
Fanqie莫禮切
BaxtermejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/meiX/
Pan
Wuyun		/meiX/
Shao
Rongfen		/mɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/mɛjX/
Li
Rong		/meiX/
Wang
Li		/mieiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren		/mieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		mǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		mai5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character米
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		mǐ
Middle
Chinese		‹ mejX ›
Old
Chinese		/*(C.)mˁ[e]jʔ/
Englishmillet or rice grains, dehusked and polished

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character米
Reading #1/1
No.9003
Phonetic
component		米
Rime
group		脂
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		米
Old
Chinese		/*miːʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

米

  1. hulled orhuskeduncooked rice(Classifier:粒mcmn; 顆／颗m)
  2. huskedseed
  3. grain-likethings
  4. (chiefly Cantonese)short for米粉 (mǐfěn, “rice vermicelli”)
    星洲炒米  ― Xīngzhōu chǎomǐ  ―  Singapore-stylenoodles
    雪菜火鴨絲炆米[Cantonese,trad.]
    雪菜火鸭丝炆米[Cantonese,simp.]
    syut3 coi3 fo2 aap3 si1 man1mai5[Jyutping]
    braisedrice vermicelli with pickled mustard and shredded roast duck
  5. (Cantonese, Shanghainese, slang; also Douyin algospeak)money
    有米[Cantonese]  ― jau5mai5[Jyutping]  ―  rich
    背米[Shanghainese]  ― 5pe6mi[Wugniu]  ―  to earn money
  6. (Shanghainese, slang)tenthousand of acurrencydesignation; tengrand(Classifier:粒w)
  7. (Douyin algospeak)yuan(unit ofCNY)
  8. asurname
    米芾  ― Mǐ Fú  ― Mi Fu (Song artist)
  9. Used in transcription.
    米蘭／米兰  ― Mǐlán  ― Milan
    波希米亞／波希米亚  ― Bōxīmǐyà  ―  Bohemia
    提拉米蘇／提拉米苏  ― tílāmǐsū  ―  tiramisu
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of大米 (“husked uncooked rice”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Classical Chinese米
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)稻米
Northeastern MandarinBeijing白米,大米,米
Taiwan米
Harbin大米,米
Malaysia米
Singapore米
Jilu MandarinJinan大米
Jiaoliao MandarinYantai(Muping)大米
Central Plains MandarinLuoyang大米
Wanrong大米
Xi'an白米
Xining大米,米
Xuzhou大米,米
Lanyin MandarinYinchuan稻米,白米
Lanzhou大米
Ürümqi米
Southwestern MandarinChengdu米,大米,飯米
Wuhan米
Guiyang米
Guilin米
Liuzhou米
Jianghuai MandarinNanjing米
Yangzhou米
Hefei米
CantoneseGuangzhou米
Hong Kong米
Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)米
Dongguan米
Yangjiang米
Danzhou米
Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)米
Singapore(Guangfu)米
GanNanchang米
Lichuan米
Pingxiang米
HakkaMeixian米
Yudu米
Miaoli(N. Sixian)米
Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)米
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)米
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)米
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)米
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)米
Hong Kong米
Senai(Huiyang)米
Kuching(Hepo)米
HuizhouJixi米
Shexian米
Huangshan(Tunxi)米
JinTaiyuan大米
Xinzhou大米
Northern MinJian'ou米
Jian'ou(Dikou)米
Zhenghe(Zhenqian)米
Pucheng(Shibei)早米
Eastern MinFuzhou米
Southern MinXiamen米
Quanzhou米
Zhangzhou米
Singapore(Hokkien)米
Manila(Hokkien)米
Chaozhou米
Johor Bahru(Teochew)米
Singapore(Teochew)米
Leizhou米
Wenchang米
Haikou米
Puxian MinPutian米
Putian(Donghai, Chengxiang)米
Putian(Jiangkou, Hanjiang)米
Putian(Nanri, Xiuyu)米
Xianyou米
Xianyou(Fengting)米
Xianyou(Youyang)米
Southern PinghuaNanning(Tingzi)米
WuShanghai米
Shanghai(Chongming)米
Suzhou米
Danyang米
Hangzhou米
Ningbo米
Wenzhou米
Jinhua米
XiangChangsha米
Loudi米
Shuangfeng米

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Short for米突 (mǐtū), fromEnglishmetre.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

米

  1. metre
    米三[Teochew]  ― bhi2 san1[Peng'im]  ―  1.3metres
    我有一米九高。  ― Wǒ yǒu yīmǐ jiǔ gāo.  ―  I'm 1.9metres tall.
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of米 (“metre”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)米,公尺
Northeastern MandarinBeijing米,公尺
Taiwan公尺,米
Chifeng米,公尺
Hulunbuir(Hailar)米,公尺
Harbin米,公尺
Shenyang米,公尺
Jilu MandarinTianjin米,公尺
Tangshan米,公尺
Cangzhou米,公尺
Baoding米,公尺
Shijiazhuang米,公尺
Jinan米,公尺
Jiaoliao MandarinQingdao米,公尺
Central Plains MandarinZhengzhou米,公尺
Xi'an米,公尺
Xining米,公尺
Xuzhou米,公尺
Lanyin MandarinYinchuan米,公尺
Lanzhou米,公尺
Ürümqi米,公尺
Southwestern MandarinChengdu米,公尺
Chongqing米,公尺
Wuhan米,公尺
Guiyang米,公尺
Kunming米,公尺
Guilin米,公尺
Liuzhou米,公尺
Jianghuai MandarinNanjing米,公尺
Yangzhou米,公尺
Nantong米,公尺
Hefei米,公尺
CantoneseGuangzhou米
Hong Kong米,公尺,M
HakkaMiaoli(N. Sixian)公尺
Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)公尺
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)公尺
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)公尺
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)公尺
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)公尺
HuizhouShexian米,公尺
JinTaiyuan米,公尺
Xinzhou米,公尺
Linhe米,公尺
Jining米,公尺
Hohhot米,公尺
Zhangjiakou米,公尺
Handan米,公尺
Southern MinXiamen米,公尺
Quanzhou米,公尺
Zhangzhou米,公尺
Tainan米
WuSuzhou米
Jinhua米

Compounds

[edit]

See also

[edit]
  • (unit of length):丈 (zhàng),尺 (chǐ),寸 (cùn),分 (fēn)

Etymology 3

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

米

  1. only used in米魯／米鲁

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
See also:
米

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. rice
  2. (ateji)meter
  3. (ateji)America (asupercontinent)
  4. (ateji)United States,America (acountry inNorth America)

Readings

[edit]
Compounds
[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 1

[edit]
JapaneseWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaja
EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
米
こめ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨ko2me2⟩ → */kəməj/ →/kome/

FromOld Japanese. First appears in theNihon Shoki of 720CE, with the phoneticman'yōgana spelling渠梅.[1] In turn, fromProto-Japonic*kəmay.

Many theories exist regarding the ultimate derivation:

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

米(こめ)• (kome) 

  1. rice(huskedgrains of theAsianriceplant,Oryza sativa), one of thefive grains
    Synonym:(colloquial)菩薩(bosatsu)
    Hypernym:五穀(gokoku)
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms
Proverbs
[edit]
Proverbs
Coordinate terms
[edit]
See also
[edit]

Proper noun

[edit]

米(こめ)• (Kome) 

  1. a femalegiven name
  2. asurname

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
米
よね
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨yo2nai⟩ → */jənai/ → */jəne/ →/jone/

First attested in theWamyō Ruijushō (938CE).

FromProto-Japonic*yənəi; possibly related to稲(ine,“riceplant”).

The colloquial sense is derived from the components of the米 kanji:八(hachi,“eight”) +十(jū,“ten”) +八(hachi,“eight”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

米(よね)• (yone) 

  1. rice(huskedgrains of the Asian rice plant,Oryza sativa)
  2. (colloquial) aneighty-eight-year-old
    Synonym:米寿(beiju)
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Proper noun

[edit]

米(よね)• (Yone) 

  1. a femalegiven name
  2. asurname

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
米
めめ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Probably a shortened reduplication ofkome (see above).(Canthis(+) etymology besourced?)

First cited to a work from 1275.[1]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

米(めめ)• (meme) 

  1. (colloquial)rice(huskedgrains of the riceplant)

Etymology 4

[edit]
Kanji in this term
米
メートル
Grade: 2
(ateji)
kun'yomi
Kanji in this term
米
メーター
Grade: 2
irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of米 – see the following entries.
【メートル】
[noun] ametre(unit of length)
Alternative spelling
米突
【メーター】
[noun] ameter(measuring instrument)
[noun]metre(unit of length)
(This term,米, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

Usage notes

[edit]

The use of this kanji is attested in theMeiji period and is an example ofateji (当(あ)て字(じ)), shortened fromMandarin米突(mǐtū), seeChinese section above.

Coordinate terms

[edit]

Derived terms

See also

See also

Etymology 5

[edit]

Kanji in this term
米
べい
Grade: 2
on'yomi

FromMiddle Chinese米 (MC mejX).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Affix

[edit]

米(べい)• (bei) ←べい(bei)?

  1. rice
  2. United States (abbreviation ofアメリカ合衆国(Amerika Gasshūkoku) and亜米利加合衆国(Amerika Gasshūkoku): acountry inNorth America)
    米国(べいこく)(Beikoku,“US”)
    日米関係(にちべいかんけい)(Nichi-Bei kankei,“Japan–United States relations”)
  3. America,theAmericas (abbreviation ofアメリカ(Amerika) and亜米利加(Amerika): asupercontinent)
    南米(なんべい)(Nanbei,“South America”)
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms(rice):
Derived terms(America, the Americas):

Etymology 6

[edit]
Kanji in this term
米
まい
Grade: 2
goon

FromMiddle Chinese米 (MC mejX).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Affix

[edit]

米(まい)• (mai) 

  1. rice

References

[edit]
  1. ↑1.01.1“米”, in日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition,Tokyo:Shogakukan,2006
  2. ^Laurent Sagart (December 2011), “How Many Independent Rice Vocabularies in Asia?”, inRice‎[2], volume 4, numbers3-4,→DOI,→ISSN, pages121–133
  3. ^Martine Robbeets (1 January 2017), “Austronesian influence and Transeurasian ancestry in Japanese: A case of farming/language dispersal”, inLanguage Dynamics and Change‎[3], volume 7, number 2,→DOI,→ISSN, pages210–251
  4. ^Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN
  5. ^Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974),新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō
  6. ^Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960),全国アクセント辞典(Zenkoku Akusento Jiten,“Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese),Tōkyō:Tōkyōdō,→ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Chinese米 (MC mejX).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448몡〯 (Yale:myěy)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[7]ᄡᆞᆯ〮 (Yale:psól)미〯 (Yale:mǐ)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

米 (eumhun쌀미(ssal mi))

  1. hanja form? of미(“rice”)[affix]

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[8]

Old Korean

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

米 (*-moy?)

  1. Apparently a verbal causative suffix;because,since

Reconstruction notes

[edit]
  • This form is attested commonly in thehyangga poems of the first millennium, but nowhere else.
  • In the twentieth century, this was conventionally compared to ModernKorean-으매(-eumae,“because, since”), but this seems impossible given that the modern construction is a grammaticalization of elements not found in Old Korean, and is not attested in Middle Korean.
  • Some scholars believe it is a mere orthographic variant of㢱(*-mye,connective suffix).

Further reading

[edit]
  • 이용 (Yi-Yong) (1999),연결 어미의 형성에 관한 연구 [yeon'gyeol eomiui hyeongseong'e gwanhan yeon'gu,Study of the formation of connective suffixes], Seoul City University (PhD), pages144—146
  • 김지오 (Kim Ji-o) (2019), “고대국어 연결어미 연구의 현황과 과제 [godaegugeo yeon'gyeoreomi yeon'guui hyeonhwanggwa gwaje,The conditions and future tasks of analyzing connective endings in Old Korean]”, inGugyeol Yeon'gu, volume43, pages55–87

Vietnamese

[edit]

Chữ Hán

[edit]

米:Hán Việt readings:mễ (莫(mạc)禮(lễ)切(thiết))[1][2]
米:Nôm readings:mễ[1][2][3][4],mè[1]

Noun

[edit]

米

  1. chữ Hán form ofmễ(“ricegrains”)
  2. chữ Nôm form ofmè(“(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam)sesame”)

Proper noun

[edit]

米

  1. The templateTemplate:vi-Han form of does not use the parameter(s):
    nodot=1
    Please seeModule:checkparams for help with this warning.    chữ Hán form ofMễ:(Overseas Vietnamese or obsolete)Mexico (acountry inNorth America)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑1.01.11.2Trần (2004).
  2. ↑2.02.1Bonet (1899).
  3. ^Génibrel (1898).
  4. ^Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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