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積

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:积

積	U+7A4D,積 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A4D

←穌
[U+7A4C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

穎 →
[U+7A4E]

Translingual

Han character

積 (Kangxi radical 115,禾+11, 16 strokes,cangjie input竹木手一金 (HDQMC),four-corner2598₆,composition⿰禾責)

Derived characters

廭癪𡳮𧂐

References

Kangxi Dictionary:page 859, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25266
Dae Jaweon: page 1285, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2626, character 16
Unihan data for U+7A4D

Chinese

trad.		積
simp.		积
alternative forms		𥢼𥡯

Wikipedia has articles on:

積 /积(Cantonese)
積 /积(Chinese)

Glyph origin

Characters in the samephonetic series (朿)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
債	ʔsreːɡs, ʔsreːɡ
積	ʔseɡs, ʔseɡ
刺	sʰeɡs, sʰeɡ
莿	sʰeːɡs, raːds
㓨	*sʰeɡs
朿	*sʰeɡs
漬	*zeɡs
耫	zraːd, zreːɡ
嘖	ʔsraːɡ, ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ
梀	sreːɡ, sʰloːɡ, sloːɡ, l̥ʰoɡ
捒	sreːɡ, sroɡs, *sroɡs
幘	*ʔsreːɡ
簀	*ʔsreːɡ
嫧	ʔsreːɡ, sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ
謮	*ʔsreːɡ
責	*ʔsreːɡ
皟	*sʰreːɡ
憡	*sʰreːɡ
策	*sʰreːɡ
筴	sʰreːɡ, kreːb, *keːb
拺	sʰreːɡ, sreːɡ
賾	*zreːɡ
鰿	zreːɡ, ʔseɡ
擌	*sreːɡ
蹟	*ʔseɡ
襀	*ʔseɡ
磧	*sʰeɡ
洓	*sʰeɡ
績	*ʔseːɡ
勣	*ʔseːɡ
樍	*ʔseːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ): semantic 禾 + phonetic 責(OC*ʔsreːɡ).

Etymology

(to collect; to accumulate): Cognate withTibetanརྩིག་པ(rtsig pa) (Schuessler, 2007).
(jack; knave, to jack): FromEnglishjack.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):jī (ji¹)
(Zhuyin):ㄐㄧ
(Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):jǐ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):zik¹
(Dongguan,Jyutping++):zeak⁷
(Taishan,Wiktionary):det²
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):chit
(Hailu,HRS):zid
(Meixian,Guangdong):jid⁵
Jin(Wiktionary):jieh⁴
Northern Min(KCR):cĭ
Eastern Min(BUC):cék
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):zih⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):chek /chiak /chit
(Teochew,Peng'im):zêh⁴ / zêg⁴
(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):jig⁴
Southern Pinghua(Nanning,Jyutping++):zik²
Wu(Wugniu)
- (Northern):⁷ciq /⁷tsiq /⁷tsieq /⁸ciq
- (Jinhua):⁷tsiq
Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):ji⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:jī
  - Zhuyin:ㄐㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:ji
  - Wade–Giles:chi¹
  - Yale:jī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:ji
  - Palladius:цзи(czi)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin:jǐ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕi²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:zik¹
  - Yale:jīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin:dzik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization:jig¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sɪk̚⁵/
- (Dongguan,Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++:zeak⁷
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sək̚⁴⁴/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:det²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tet̚⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:chit
  - Hakka Romanization System:jid^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:jid⁵
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sit̚²/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:zid
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sit⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:jid⁵
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡ɕit̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:jieh⁴
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:cĭ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡si²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:cék
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sɛiʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian,Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:zih⁶
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:cih
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡siʔ²¹/
- (Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:zih⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡seʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou,Youyang,Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:zih⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡siʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:GeneralTaiwanese,Xiamen,Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chek
  - Tâi-lô:tsik
  - Phofsit Daibuun:zeg
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei,Kaohsiung,Xiamen,Zhangzhou):/t͡siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chiak
  - Tâi-lô:tsiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun:ciag
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/t͡siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chit
  - Tâi-lô:tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun:cid
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/t͡sit̚⁵/

Note:

chek - literary (“to accumulate; to store up; to suffer from indigestion”);
chiak - literary (“to suffer from indigestion”);
chit - vernacular (“to accumulate; to store up; to suffer from indigestion”).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:zêh⁴ / zêg⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:tseh / tsek
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡seʔ²/, /t͡sek̚²/

Note:

zêh4 - vernacular;
zêg4 - literary.

(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin:jig⁴
- SinologicalIPA:/t͡sik̚⁵/

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua,Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++:zik²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sɪk̚³³/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai,Jiaxing,Hangzhou,Shaoxing,Ningbo,Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu:⁷ciq
  - MiniDict:cih^入
  - MiniDict:cieh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):⁴jiq
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiaxing):/t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/t͡ɕieʔ⁴⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhoushan):/t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/
- (Northern:Jiading,Suzhou,Kunshan,Changzhou)
  - Wugniu:⁷tsiq
  - MiniDict:tsih^入
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiading):/t͡siɪʔ⁵⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/t͡siɪʔ⁴³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kunshan):/t͡siəʔ⁵⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Changzhou):/t͡siɪʔ⁵⁵/
- (Northern:Songjiang)
  - Wugniu:⁷tsieq
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/t͡siʌʔ⁴⁴/
- (Northern:Chongming)
  - Wugniu:⁸ciq
  - MiniDict:cih^入
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/t͡ɕiəʔ²/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu:⁷tsiq
  - SinologicalIPA (Jinhua):/t͡siəʔ⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:ji⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕi²⁴/

Middle Chinese:tsjek, tsjeH

Rime
Character	積	積
Reading #	2/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	資昔切	子智切
Baxter	tsjek	tsjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇk̚/	/t͡siᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛk̚/	/t͡siɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siæk̚/	/t͡sjɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siajk̚/	/t͡siə̆^H/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛk̚/	/t͡sie^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛk̚/	/t͡sǐe^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛk̚/	/t͡sie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ji	zì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik¹	zi³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*[ts]ek/
(Zhengzhang):/*ʔseɡ/, /*ʔseɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	積
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jī
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjek ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ek/
English	accumulate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	積	積
Reading #	2/2	1/2
No.	1774	1745
Phonetic component	朿	朿
Rime group	錫	賜
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	積	積
Old Chinese	/*ʔseɡ/	/*ʔseɡs/

Definitions

積

tostore up crops; tostore cereal crops
toaccumulate; toamass; tostore; togather
tohold instore; tostore up (for future use); to belatent
tostagnate; to becomestagnant
toadd up; tosum up to
accumulated goods
(traditional Chinese medicine)indigestion
(mathematics)short for乘積／乘积 (chéngjī, “product(in amultiplication)”)
long-standing;long
habitual;inveterate
sixtieth (60th)tetragram of theTaixuanjing; "accumulation" (𝍁)
(Cantonese, card games)jack;knave(Classifier:隻／只c)
(Cantonese)alternative form of唧(“jack; to jack”)
(Hokkien) tosuffer fromindigestion(of children)
食積／食积[Hokkien] ― si̍t-chek[Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to suffer from indigestion
(archaic)alternative form of漬 /渍(zì,“to soak”)
(archaic)alternative form of績 /绩(jì,“achievement”)
(archaic)alternative form of迹(jì,“movement”)

Synonyms

(jack):

Dialectal synonyms of鉤兒 (“jack (playing cards)”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	鉤兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	鉤,十一
	Zhengzhou	鉤,十一
	Xi'an	丁子
	Xuzhou	丁鉤兒,甲鉤兒
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	丁鉤兒
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	鉤子,鉤,鉤鉤,孫子
	Guiyang	鉤鉤,鉤,夾鉤
	Liuzhou	歐
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	丁鉤
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	茄鉤,傑鉤
Cantonese	Guangzhou	積
	Hong Kong	積
	Taishan	積
	Wuzhou	積
	Yulin	鉤
Gan	Nanchang	鉤
	Lichuan	鉤子
	Pingxiang	鉤子,鉤
Hakka	Yudu	鉤子
Huizhou	Jixi	丁鉤
Jin	Taiyuan	鉤子
Southern Min	Xiamen	丁
	Shantou	丁
	Puning	丁
Wu	Shanghai	茄勾
	Shanghai(Chongming)	斜鉤
	Suzhou	茄杠

Compounds

References

“積”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
zi.tools
李如龙[Li, Ru-long];刘福铸[Liu, Fu-zhu];吴华英[Wu, Hua-ying];黄国城[Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “积”, in莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min),Xiamen University Press,→ISBN, page270.

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 積

積

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

volume

Readings

Go-on:し(shi)、しゃく(shaku)
Kan-on:し(shi)、せき(seki,Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on:せき(seki,Jōyō)
Kun:つむ(tsumu,積む,Jōyō)、つもる(tsumoru,積もる,Jōyō)

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
積
せき Grade: 4
on'yomi

(Tokyo)せき[séꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [se̞kʲi]

Noun

積(せき)• (seki)

(arithmetic)product

See also

被(ひ)乗(じょう)数(すう)(hijōsū);乗(じょう)数(すう)(jōsū)

Korean

Hanja

積• (jeok, ja) (hangeul적,자,revised jeok, ja,McCune–Reischauer chŏk, cha,Yale cek, ca)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

積:Hán Nôm readings:tích

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

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