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睪

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:睾

睪	U+776A,睪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-776A

←睩
[U+7769]

CJK Unified Ideographs

睫 →
[U+776B]

Translingual

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Han character

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睪 (Kangxi radical 109,目+8, 13 strokes,cangjie input田中土廿十 (WLGTJ),four-corner2640₁,composition⿱罒幸)

Derived characters

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凙(𪞝/𪞚),㘁,墿(𰉣/㘮),嬕,嶧(峄/𡵸),懌(怿/𢗜),擇(择/択),澤(泽/沢),曎,檡(𰗛/𣏧),殬,燡(𰞇),䐾,䁺,礋(𰦰),䆁,襗(𫋷),繹(绎/䋇),蠌(𰲵/蚇),譯(译/訳),醳(𰼅),釋(释/釈),鐸(铎/鈬),䭞(𬲳),驛(驿/駅)
斁(𭣧),歝,鸅(𱉟),䕉,䦴,圛

Additional Derived Characters

𲑕,𪫙,𤢟(𤝢),𨼸,𪼢,𥜃,𥼶(𬖘),𦔥,𦡇,𠓋,𨆅(𬦫),𤑹(𪹀),𩍜,𩏪(𩏽),𩴮,𩼓
𣀇,𱥦,𤢕,𦒡,𫅌,𩁇,𢍰(𪪴),𠪯,𢋇,𤻂,𫾟

Related characters

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睾(Preferred form used for the pronunciation "gāo" in mainland China and Hong Kong)

References

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Kangxi Dictionary:page 811, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23466
Dae Jaweon: page 1226, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2918, character 6
Unihan data for U+776A

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character睪
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the samephonetic series (睪)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
斁	ʔl'aːɡs, l'aːɡs, *laːɡ
籜	*l̥ʰaːɡ
蘀	*l̥ʰaːɡ
鐸	*l'aːɡ
凙	*l'aːɡ
襗	l'aːɡ, rlaːɡ, *laːɡ
擇	*rlaːɡ
澤	*rlaːɡ
鸅	*rlaːɡ
蠌	*rlaːɡ
檡	rlaːɡ, hljaɡ
釋	*hljaɡ
繹	*laːɡ
睪	neb, laːɡ, *kuː
譯	*laːɡ
嶧	*laːɡ
懌	*laːɡ
驛	*laːɡ
醳	*laːɡ
圛	*laːɡ
墿	*laːɡ
燡	*laːɡ

It traces back to oracle bone script glyphs, denoted here as⿱㚔廾 and⿱㚔𠬜 for typesetting convenience. These two variants depict a handcuff㚔 and a pair of hands廾 or𠬜 placed on each side, likely denoting “to release” (釋), especially considering the position of hands in𠬜 are facing away the handcuffs (Qiu, 1993;Chen, 2015).

Commonly used in bronze inscriptions to denote {擇} “to pick” (ibid.), as {擇} “to pick” and {釋} “to release” are etymologically and semantically related (Yu and Yang, 2023 citing Liu, 2014). A composition with an eye (目) added appeared in as late as Eastern Zhou bronze inscriptions (as𢍰). It probably serves to fortify the denoting of picking (with eyes) (Chang, 2016;Yu and Yang, 2023). In the same period, a composition with hand omitted appeared, giving rise to the current glyph目(“eye”) + 㚔(“handcuff”) (ibid.).

Etymology 1

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trad.		睪
simp.		𠬤
alternative forms		𥇝𥇡𦎝睾

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Pinyin):yì (yi⁴)
(Zhuyin):ㄧˋ
Cantonese(Jyutping):jik⁶
Southern Min(Hokkien,POJ):e̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:yì
  - Zhuyin:ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:yì
  - Wade–Giles:i⁴
  - Yale:yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:yih
  - Palladius:и(i)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:jik⁶
  - Yale:yihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin:jik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization:yig⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/jɪk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:e̍k
  - Tâi-lô:i̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun:ek
  - IPA (Xiamen):/iɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou):/iɪk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou):/iɪk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei):/iɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/iɪk̚⁴/

Middle Chinese:yek, nrjep

Rime
Character	睪	睪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	娘 (12)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)	葉 (156)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	羊益切	尼輒切
Baxter	yek	nrjep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇk̚/	/ɳˠiᴇp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛk̚/	/ɳᵚiɛp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iæk̚/	/niæp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiajk̚/	/ɳjiap̚/
Li Rong	/iɛk̚/	/njɛp̚/
Wang Li	/jĭɛk̚/	/nĭɛp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ɛk̚/	/ni̯ɛp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì	niè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik⁶	nip⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang):/*laːɡ/, /*neb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	睪	睪
Reading #	2/3	1/3
No.	15137	13887
Phonetic component	睪	幸
Rime group	鐸	盍
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	繹	聶
Old Chinese	/*laːɡ/	/*neb/

Definitions

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睪

tospy on
asurname

Etymology 2

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trad.		睪/睾^*
simp.		睾^*

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Pinyin):gāo,gǎo (gao¹,gao³)
(Zhuyin):ㄍㄠ, ㄍㄠˇ
Cantonese(Jyutping):gou¹
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):kâu
(Meixian,Guangdong):gau¹
Eastern Min(BUC):gŏ̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):ko /ko͘
(Teochew,Peng'im):gao¹
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):¹kau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard inMainland andTaiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:gāo
  - Zhuyin:ㄍㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:gao
  - Wade–Giles:kao¹
  - Yale:gāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:gau
  - Palladius:гао(gao)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:gǎo
  - Zhuyin:ㄍㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:gǎo
  - Wade–Giles:kao³
  - Yale:gǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:gao
  - Palladius:гао(gao)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:gou¹
  - Yale:gōu
  - Cantonese Pinyin:gou¹
  - Guangdong Romanization:gou¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kou̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:kâu
  - Hakka Romanization System:gau^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:gau¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/kau̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:gau¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/kau⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:gŏ̤
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ko⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:ko
  - Tâi-lô:ko
  - Phofsit Daibuun:koy
  - IPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou):/ko⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:ko͘
  - Tâi-lô:koo
  - Phofsit Daibuun:kof
  - IPA (Quanzhou):/kɔ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:gao¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:kau
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kau³³/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:¹kau
  - MiniDict:kau^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):¹kau
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/kɔ⁵³/

Definitions

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睪

testicle

Usage notes

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In mainland China and Hong Kong,睾 is the orthodox form.
In Taiwan,睪 is the orthodox form while睾 is considered as one of itsvariant forms (異體字 /异体字(yìtǐzì)).

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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trad.		睪
simp.		𠬤

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Pinyin):gāo (gao¹)
(Zhuyin):ㄍㄠ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:gāo
  - Zhuyin:ㄍㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:gao
  - Wade–Giles:kao¹
  - Yale:gāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:gau
  - Palladius:гао(gao)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang):/*kuː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	睪
Reading #	3/3
No.	3784
Phonetic component	皋
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	髙
Old Chinese	/*kuː/
Notes	皐字注俗體，見靈樞

Definitions

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睪

alternative form of皋(gāo,“tall;high”)

Compounds

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睪如 /𠬤如
睪然 /𠬤然

Etymology 4

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trad.		睪
simp.		𠬤

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Pinyin):gāo,hào (gao¹,hao⁴)
(Zhuyin):ㄍㄠ, ㄏㄠˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:gāo
  - Zhuyin:ㄍㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:gao
  - Wade–Giles:kao¹
  - Yale:gāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:gau
  - Palladius:гао(gao)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:hào
  - Zhuyin:ㄏㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:hào
  - Wade–Giles:hao⁴
  - Yale:hàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:haw
  - Palladius:хао(xao)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

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睪

alternative form of皞(hào,“vast andboundless”)

Compounds

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睪睪 /𠬤𠬤

Etymology 5

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trad.		睪
simp.		𠬤

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Pinyin):zé (ze²)
(Zhuyin):ㄗㄜˊ
Cantonese(Jyutping):zaak⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:zé
  - Zhuyin:ㄗㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:zé
  - Wade–Giles:tsê²
  - Yale:dzé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:tzer
  - Palladius:цзэ(czɛ)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:zaak⁶
  - Yale:jaahk
  - Cantonese Pinyin:dzaak⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization:zag⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡saːk̚²/

Definitions

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睪

alternative form of澤 /泽(zé,“Eupatorium”)
See also:澤蘭

Compounds

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睪芷 /𠬤芷
睪茝 /𠬤茝

Etymology 6

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For pronunciation and definitions of睪 – see擇 (“toselect; tochoose; topick out; topick up”).
(This character is a variant form of擇).

References

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“睪”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02784
Chang, Yu-Wei (張宇衛) (2016), “再談皋、睪、㚖之關係”, in淡江中文學報, number34,→DOI, pages1–38.
Chen, Xuan-Wei (陳炫瑋) (2015), “與「㚔」相關構造字研究”, in中正漢學研究, number 1, see pages 40–41.
Qiu, Xi-gui (裘錫圭) (1993), “說殷墟卜辭的“奠”——試論商人處置服屬者的一種方法”, in中央硏究院歷史語言硏究所集刊, volume64, number 3, see page 666.
Yu, Shaohong (俞绍宏); Yang, Yufan (杨语凡) (2023), ““皋”“睪”相混探因”, in古汉语研究, number 1, pages2–12.