Stroke order
Stroke order (Japan)
Stroke order
王 Kangxi radical 96,玉 +-1, 4 strokes,cangjie input 一土 (MG ),four-corner 10104 ,composition ⿱一 土 )
Shuowen Jiezi Appendix:Chinese radical/玉 仼 ,㕵 ,彺 ,忹 ,抂 ,汪 ,狂 ,旺 ,枉 ,蚟 ,軖 ,迋 ,尪 ,尫 ,㒬 ,尩 ,䶭 ,頊 (顼 ),鳿 兲 ,丟 ,弄 ,主 ,全 ,呈 ,㞷 ,皇 ,䍿 ,望 ,聖 ,朢 ,匡 ,囯 ,閏 (闰 ),噩 ,㝙 ,寚 ,㴏 ,鬥 Additional Derived Characters
𡉠 ,𤆦 ,𰀤 ,𥘛 ,𮀍 ,𮂴 ,𥿁 ,𧥶 ,𧴽 ,𬫃 ,𩵭 ,𪼷 ,𮨧 𣅨 ,𪳈 ,𦍌 ,𡭤 ,𦬬 ,𭥕 ,𭩜 ,𦊄 ,𦤃 ,𩂊 ,𭼆 ,𪡅 ,𧘦 Kangxi Dictionary:page 727 , character 2 Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20823 Dae Jaweon: page 1137, character 1 Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1099, character 10 Unihan data for U+738B Old Chinese 皇 *ɡʷaːŋ 惶 *ɡʷaːŋ 遑 *ɡʷaːŋ 堭 *ɡʷaːŋ 煌 *ɡʷaːŋ 餭 *ɡʷaːŋ 騜 *ɡʷaːŋ 艎 *ɡʷaːŋ 隍 *ɡʷaːŋ 湟 *ɡʷaːŋ 徨 *ɡʷaːŋ 篁 *ɡʷaːŋ 蝗 *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs 凰 *ɡʷaːŋ 偟 *ɡʷaːŋ 媓 *ɡʷaːŋ 韹 *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ 葟 *ɡʷaːŋ 皝 *ɡʷaːŋʔ 汪 *qʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋs, *qʷaŋʔ 尪 *qʷaːŋ 迋 *kʷaŋʔ, *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs 逛 *kʷaŋʔ 誑 *kʷaŋs, *ɡʷaŋ, *kʷaŋs 匡 *kʰʷaŋ 筐 *kʰʷaŋ 框 *kʰʷaŋ 眶 *kʰʷaŋ 誆 *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs 邼 *kʰʷaŋ 恇 *kʰʷaŋ 劻 *kʰʷaŋ 洭 *kʰʷaŋ 軭 *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ 狂 *ɡʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs 軖 *ɡʷaŋ 鵟 *ɡʷaŋ 俇 *ɡʷaŋʔ 王 *ɢʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs 蚟 *ɢʷaŋ 彺 *ɢʷaŋ 旺 *ɢʷaŋs 諻 *qʰʷraːŋ 喤 *qʰʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ 瑝 *ɡʷraːŋ 鍠 *ɡʷraːŋ 揘 *ɡʷaŋ
Pictogram (象形
The traditional interpretation (most likely a folk etymology given the original appearance of the character) is that the character metaphorically indicates the king or emperor according to the ancient Chinese thought: three horizontal strokes represent Heaven, Man and Earth, and the vertical stroke is the king or emperor, the one who connects them together. However, compare天 ( tiān ) (a man with a horizontal stroke above his head to indicate the sky).
Unrelated to玉 ( yù ,“ a string with three pieces of jade ” ) and主 ( “ master ” ) ; partly related to士 (a war axe and, perhaps, sometimes a variant of 王), to戉 (an axe drawn vertically), to the inner component of匡 ( kuāng ,“ square‑shaped bamboo basket ” ) , and to the right component of往 (<𢓸 ).
Uncertain. There are many proposed etymologies:
Sagart and Baxter (2009) compare it toTibetan གོང་མ ( gong ma ,“ superior one ” ) .Schuessler (2007) compares it toTibetan དབང ( dbang ,“ strength ,power ” ) andBurmese အန် ( an ,“ strength, power ” ) , which derive fromProto-Sino-Tibetan *d-baŋ ( “ strength, power ” ) . However, reconstructing theOld Chinese *waŋ , he notes the mismatch between Old Chinese*w- vs. Tibetan*b- (unless*dw- can becomedb- ; for possible*b- ~ * w- variation, see花 Proto-Northern Naga [Term?] ( “ chief ” ) .Schuessler (2007) alternatively proposes a connection toOld Khmer vāṅ vaṅ ( modernKhmer វាំង ( veăng ) , “royal palace ” ) , which he considers to be cognate withKhmer ហ្លួង ( hluŏng ,“ king ” ) . This is perhaps supported by abronze inscription where王 refers to a place, not theZhou king (Shaughnessy, 1991 ). The semantic shift from "palace" to "king" parallelsEgyptian pr-ꜥꜣ ( “ pharaoh ” , literally“ palace ” ) , frompr ( “ house ” ) +ꜥꜣ ( “ great, big ” ) . The connection to theOld Khmer Proto-Mon-Khmer *waŋ ~ *waaŋ ( “ enclosure; to go round ” ) , which is part of a largerAustroasiatic 營 OC *ɢʷeŋ 環 OC *ɡʷraːn Bodman (1980) connects王 with皇 OC *ɡʷaːŋ Schuessler (2007) connects to this word family.Speculations exist about its connection to尪 OC *qʷaːŋ lame ,crippled ”) and狂 OC *ɡʷaŋ mad ”), based on theories about the connection between ancient Chinese kingship and shamanism (Keightley, 1995 ). Mandarin (Standard (Pinyin :wáng (wang2 )(Zhuyin :ㄨㄤˊ (Chengdu ,Sichuanese Pinyin :wang2 (Xi'an ,Guanzhong Pinyin :wáng (Dungan ,Cyrillic andWiktionary :вон (von, I)Cantonese (Guangzhou –Hong Kong ,Jyutping :wong4 (Dongguan ,Jyutping++ :wong4 (Taishan ,Wiktionary :vong3 Gan (Wiktionary :uong4 Hakka (Sixian ,PFS :vòng (Hailu ,HRS :vong (Meixian ,Guangdong :vong2 Jin (Wiktionary :von1 Northern Min (KCR :uâng Eastern Min (BUC :uòng Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing orng2 Southern Min (Hokkien ,POJ :ông /n̂g (Teochew ,Peng'im :uang5 / hêng5 (Leizhou , Leizhou Pinyin :huang5 / hiang5 Southern Pinghua (Nanning ,Jyutping++ :hung4 Wu (Wugniu Xiang (Changsha ,Wiktionary :uan2 (Loudi ,Wiktionary :ng2 / ueng2 (Hengyang ,Wiktionary :uan2 Note : ông - incl. surname.
Note : hêng5 - surname.
(Leizhou Leizhou Pinyin huang5 / hiang5 SinologicalIPA :/huaŋ²²/, /hiaŋ²²/ Note :
huang5 - literary; hiang5 - vernacular (incl. surname). Note : 2yaon - surname.
Note :
ng2 - vernacular; ueng2 - literary. Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )Character 王 Reading # 1/2 Modern wáng Middle ‹ hjwang › Old /*ɢʷaŋ/ English king Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)Character 王 Reading # 1/2 No. 12742 Phonetic 王 Rime 陽 Rime 0 Corresponding 王 Old /*ɢʷaŋ/
王
king ;monarch 國王 ／ 国王 guówáng king (of a nation)周 成 王 Zhōu ChéngWáng King Cheng of Zhou這 位 男孩 被 擁立 為 王 。[MSC ,trad. 这 位 男孩 被 拥立 为 王 。[MSC ,simp. Zhè wèi nánhái bèi yōnglì wéiwáng . [Pinyin] The boy was proclaimedking . duke ;prince 王 侯wáng hóuprinces and marquises”)親王 ／ 亲王 qīnwáng 秦 王 李 世 民 QínWáng Lǐ Shìmín Prince of Qinbest orstrongest of its kind拳王 quánwáng champion 百獸 之 王 是 獅子 還是 老虎 ？[MSC ,trad. 百兽 之 王 是 狮子 还是 老虎 ？[MSC ,simp. Bǎishòu zhīwáng shì shīzǐ háishì lǎohǔ? [Pinyin] Is the lion or the tiger theking of beasts? chief ;head ;ringleader 擒賊先擒王 ／ 擒贼先擒王 qínzéixiānqínwáng chief ( chess ) king ( graph theory ) king ( avertex in adirected graph which canreach every other vertex via apath with alength of at most 2 ) 任意 競賽圖 都 有 一 個 王 。[MSC ,trad. 任意 竞赛图 都 有 一 个 王 。[MSC ,simp. Rènyì jìngsàitú dōu yǒu yī gewáng . [Pinyin] In every tournament there exists aking . ( obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese ) grand ;great ( obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese , of feudal monarchs) see theemperor asurname ,Wang ,Wong ,Ong , or Heng 王 勃 Wáng BóWang Bo王 延 政 Wáng YánzhèngWang YanzhengOthers :
→ Classical Mongolian:ᠸᠠᠩ ( wang ) ( via Mandarin ) Mongolian:Mongolian script:ᠸᠠᠩ ( wang ) Cyrillic script:ван ( van ) → Buryat:ван ( van ) → English:Wang ( via Mandarin ) ,Wong ( via Cantonese ) ,Ong ( via Hokkien ) ,Heng ( via Teochew ) → Iu Mien:hungh → Manchu:ᠸᠠᠩ ( wang ) ( via Mandarin ) → Middle Mongol:( via Early Mandarin ) Uigurjin script:ᠣᠩ ( ʾwnk /oŋ/ ) → Old Uyghur:𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽷 ( oŋ ) ( via Early Mandarin ) ,𐽳𐽰𐽺𐽷 ( wʾnk /waŋ/ ) ( via Early Mandarin ) → Tagalog:Ong ( via Hokkien ) ,Wong ( via Cantonese ) ,Wang ( via Mandarin ) → Thai:อ๋อง ( ɔ̌ng ) ( via Hokkien ) → Zhuang:vuengz 王 OC *ɢʷaŋ *-s suffix (Schuessler, 2007 ;Baxter and Sagart, 2014 ).
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )Character 王 Reading # 2/2 Modern wàng Middle ‹ hjwangH › Old /*ɢʷaŋ-s/ English be king Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)Character 王 Reading # 2/2 No. 12746 Phonetic 王 Rime 陽 Rime 0 Corresponding 迋 Old /*ɢʷaŋs/
王
( obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese ) reign ; torule , tobe aking 不 以 王 天下 為 己 處 顯 。[Classical Chinese ,trad. 不 以 王 天下 为 己 处 显 。[Classical Chinese ,simp. From: Zhuangzi rd – 2nd centuriesBCE Bù yǐwàng tiānxià wèi jǐ chù xiǎn. [Pinyin] He would not desire torule over the whole world as his own private distinction. 又 彊 令 吳廣之 次 所 旁 叢 祠 中 ，夜 篝火 ，狐 鳴 呼 曰 「大 楚 興 ，陳 勝 王 」。[Classical Chinese ,trad. 又 强 令 吴广之 次 所 旁 丛 祠 中 ，夜 篝火 ，狐 鸣 呼 曰 「大 楚 兴 ，陈 胜 王 」。[Classical Chinese ,simp. From: TheRecords of the Grand Historian Sima Qian ,c. BCE Yòu qiáng lìng Wú Guǎng zhī cì suǒ páng cóng cí zhōng, yè gōuhuǒ, hú míng hū yuē “Dà Chǔ xīng, Chén Shèngwàng ”. [Pinyin] (Chen Sheng) also letWu Guang go to the temple in the woods near the place they stationed. At night, they made a bonfire and shouted like foxes, “Great Chu prospers,Chen Sheng rules !” ( obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese ) alternative form of旺 ( wàng ,“ flourishing ;prosperous ” ) Lua error: too many expensive function calls
/wau/ →/wɔː/ → */woː/ →/oː/
FromMiddle Chinese 王 MC
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aking , especially one who is notEast Asian or was East Asian in pre-imperial times ; in China and Vietnam, generally a king before Qin Shi Huangdi who invented the title皇帝 ( kōtei ,“ huangdi; emperor ” ) ; in Korea, one of the many kings before the Korean Empire which was modeled after Japan's; in Japan, one of the rulers before Emperor Jinmu越( えつ ) 王( おう ) 勾( こう ) 践( せん ) Etsuō Kōsen ―King Goujian of Yue anEast Asian queen regnant 親( しん ) 魏倭( ぎわ ) 王( おう ) Shingi Waō ―the pro-Wei Queen of Wa 徴( ちょう ) (女( じょ ) )王( おう ) Chō (Jo)ō ―the TrưngQueen 善( ぜん ) 徳( とく ) (女( じょ ) )王( おう ) Zentoku (Jo)ō ―Queen Seondeok anobility title for a Chinese or Vietnamese prince, bestowed on one of the皇帝 ( kōtei ,“ huangdi; emperor ” ) 's adult sons, brothers, or nephews, especially as a coming-of-age title, generally comes with an estate ("principality"); compare皇子 ( ōji ,“ imperial princes ” ,especially pre-adult ones ) and公 ( kō ,“ dukes ” ,an alternative used by certain dynasties ) 武( ぶ ) 成( せい ) 王( おう ) Buseiō ―Prince Wucheng 興( こう ) 道( どう ) 王( おう ) KōdōŌ ―Prince Hưng Đạo aJapanese prince 'sson ( such princes include親王 ( shinnō ) or王 ( ō ) themselves ) An East Asian queen regnant (except in Korea) has the same title as a king, not specifically a “queen (regnant)” like in European languages. Similarly, an empress regnant has the same title as an emperor. Lua error: too many expensive function calls
king Ultimately fromBaekje 鞬吉支 ( *k(j)ənkilci ) .
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( archaic ) ancient Korean king 百済( くだらの ) 王( こにきし ) Kudara noKonikishi ―King of BaekjeLua error: too many expensive function calls
^ Matsumura, Akira , editor (2006 ),大辞林 Daijirin Tokyo :Sanseidō ,→ISBN ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute , editor (1998 ),NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent DictionaryTokyo :NHK Publishing, Inc. ,→ISBN FromMiddle Chinese 王 MC
Historical readings Dongguk Jeongun reading Dongguk Jeongun , 1448ᅌᅪᇰ Yale :ngwàng )Middle Korean Text Eumhun Gloss (hun ) Reading Hunmong Jahoe , 1527[3] 님〯굼〮 Yale :nǐmkwúm )와ᇰ Yale :wàng )Gwangju Cheonjamun , 1575긔ᄌᆞ Yale :kuyco )왕 Yale :wang )
王 (eumhun 임금 왕 ( imgeum wang ) )
hanja form? 왕 ( “ king ;monarch ” ) 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典 .[4] Lua error: too many expensive function calls
FromMiddle Chinese 王 MC
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aking anEast Asian queen regnant an East Asiansovereign prince An East Asian queen regnant (except in Korea) has the same title as a king, not specifically a “queen (regnant)” like in European languages. Similarly, an empress regnant has the same title as an emperor. Lua error: too many expensive function calls
king FromBaekje 鞬吉支 ( *k(j)ə-n kici ) .
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anancient Korean king Japanese:王 ( konikishi, kokishi ) 王 :Hán Việt vương 雨 ( vũ ) 方 ( phương ) 切 ( thiết ) [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] vượng [ 5] 王 :Nôm vương [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6] vướng [ 1] [ 7] [ 5]
chữ Hán vương ( “ king ” ) chữ Hán Vương ( “ asurname ;a malegiven name ” ) 王翠翹 ―Vương Thuý Kiều chữ Nôm vướng ( “ to beentangled in; to beinvolved in ” ) chữ Hán vượng ( “ toreign ” ) 
