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炭

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:灰

炭	U+70AD,炭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-70AD

←炬
[U+70AC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

炮 →
[U+70AE]

炭	U+2F91A,炭 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F91A

←灷
[U+2F919]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

𠔥 →
[U+2F91B]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

炭 (Kangxi radical 86,火+5, 9 strokes,cangjie input山大火 (UKF) or山一火 (UMF),four-corner2228₉,composition⿸屵火(HJKTV) or⿱山灰(G))

Derived characters

[edit]

㛶, 㨏, 湠, 碳, 羰

Additional Derived Characters

𠋌, 𪡩, 𡎅, 𫺣, 𣕴, 𪹇, 𬜍, 𩤧, 𢾋, 𢾡, 𣁗

References

[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary:page 668, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18953
Dae Jaweon: page 1077, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2195, character 15
Unihan data for U+70AD

Unihan data for U+2F91A

Chinese

[edit]

trad.		炭
simp.^#		炭

Wikipedia has articles on:

炭(Cantonese)
炭(Written Standard Chinese^?)

Glyph origin

[edit]

Characters in the samephonetic series (炭)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
炭	*tŋ̊ʰaːns
湠	*tʰaːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*tŋ̊ʰaːns): semantic 火(“fire”) + abbreviated phonetic 岸(OC*ŋɡaːns).

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*tarl(“charcoal; dust; ashes”). Cognate withTibetanཐལ་བ(thal ba,“ashes; dust; dirt”).

Derivative:碳 (tàn, “carbon”).

(ACG slang) -tan: Borrowed fromJapaneseたん(tan). Also from the mangaBinchō-tan, which features-tan suffix characters that are anthropomorphic representations of charcoal.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):tàn (tan⁴)
(Zhuyin):ㄊㄢˋ
(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):тан (tan, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):taan³
(Taishan,Wiktionary):han¹
Gan(Wiktionary):tan³
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):than
(Hailu,HRS):tan^ˇ
(Meixian,Guangdong):tan⁴
Jin(Wiktionary):tan³
Northern Min(KCR):tui̿ng
Eastern Min(BUC):táng
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):tua⁴ / tuann⁴ / tang⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):thàn /thòaⁿ
(Teochew,Peng'im):tuan³
(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):tua³ / tang³
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁵the
Xiang
(Changsha,Wiktionary):tan⁴
(Hengyang,Wiktionary):tan⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:tàn
  - Zhuyin:ㄊㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:tàn
  - Wade–Giles:tʻan⁴
  - Yale:tàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:tann
  - Palladius:тань(tanʹ)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tʰän⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:тан (tan, III)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tʰæ̃⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:taan³
  - Yale:taan
  - Cantonese Pinyin:taan³
  - Guangdong Romanization:tan³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tʰaːn³³/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:han¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/han³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:tan³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tʰan²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:than
  - Hakka Romanization System:tan
  - Hagfa Pinyim:tan⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/tʰan⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:tan^ˇ
  - SinologicalIPA:/tʰan¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:tan⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/tʰan⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:tan³
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/tʰæ̃⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:tui̿ng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tʰuiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:táng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tʰɑŋ²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:tua⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:tua̍ⁿ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tʰua⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:tuann⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tʰũã⁴²/
- (Putian,Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:tang⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:ta̍ng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tʰaŋ⁴²/

Note:

tua4/tuann4 - vernacular;
tang4 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:thàn
  - Tâi-lô:thàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:taxn
  - IPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou):/tʰan²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou):/tʰan⁴¹/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:thòaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:thuànn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:tvoax
  - IPA (Taipei):/tʰuã¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou):/tʰuã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Kaohsiung):/tʰuã²¹/

Note:

thàn - literary;
thòaⁿ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:tuan³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:thuàⁿ
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/tʰũã²¹³/
(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin:tua³ / tang³
- SinologicalIPA:/tʰua²¹/, /tʰaŋ²¹/

Note:

tua3 - vernacular;
tang3 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁵the
  - MiniDict:the^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):²the
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/tʰe³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:tan⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tʰan⁴⁵/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary:tan⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tʰan³²⁴/

Middle Chinese:thanH

Rime
Character	炭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他旦切
Baxter	thanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰan^H/
Li Rong	/tʰɑn^H/
Wang Li	/tʰɑn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taan³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*[tʰ]ˤa[n]-s/
(Zhengzhang):/*tŋ̊ʰaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	炭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tàn
Middle Chinese	‹ than^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[tʰ]ˁa[n]-s/
English	charcoal, coal
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	炭
Reading #	1/1
No.	12356
Phonetic component	炭
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	炭
Old Chinese	/*tŋ̊ʰaːns/

Definitions

[edit]

炭

charcoal
炭火 ― tànhuǒ ― charcoal fire
charcoal-likesubstance
charcoal fire;hot charcoal
(dialectal)coal
肥炭[Jin] ― xi¹tan³[Wiktionary] ― bituminouscoal
笨炭[Jin] ― beng³tan³[Wiktionary] ― anthracite
alternative form of碳(tàn,“carbon”)
(ACG, Internet slang)-tan

Synonyms

[edit]

(charcoal):

Dialectal synonyms of炭 (“charcoal”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		炭
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		炭,木炭
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	炭
	Harbin	炭,木炭
	Singapore	炭
Jilu Mandarin	Xianxian(Xiaoying)	炭
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	木炭
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai(Muping)	炭,木炭
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	木炭
	Wanrong	木炭
	Xi'an	木炭
	Dingbian	木炭
	Xining	木炭
	Xuzhou	木炭
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	木炭
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	炭
	Wuhan	板炭,鋼炭
	Guiyang	木炭
	Liuzhou	火炭
	Nanning(Fujian)	炭,京炭
	Nanning(Wuming)	木炭,炭,火炭
	Binyang(Nanjie)	木炭
	Hechi(Yizhou)	炭
	Luocheng(Dongmen)	炭,木炭,火炭
	Tianlin(Langping)	火炭
	Yongzhou	木炭
	Xiangtan(Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	木炭
	Dagudi(Maliba)	火炭
	Reshuitang(Longling)	火炭
	Mae Salong(Lancang)	火炭
	Mae Sai(Tengchong)	火炭
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	木炭
	Yangzhou	炭
	Hefei	炭
Cantonese	Guangzhou	炭
	Hong Kong	炭
	Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)	炭
	Hong Kong(Ting Kok)	炭
	Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau)	炭
	Taishan(Guanghai)	炭
	Yangjiang	炭
	Wuzhou	炭,堅炭
	Baise	炭
	Qinzhou	炭,木炭
	Qinzhou(Xiniujiao)	炭
	Beihai	木炭
	Beihai(Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	木炭
	Beihai(Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	木炭
	Fangchenggang(Fangcheng)	木炭
	Sanya(Yanglan; Maihua)	炭
	Ho Chi Minh City(Guangfu)	炭
	Móng Cái	木炭
	Mandalay(Taishan)	炭,木炭
Gan	Nanchang	木炭
	Pengze	炭
	Lichuan	炭
	Pingxiang	木炭
Hakka	Meixian	響灰,木炭,炭
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	火炭
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	火炭
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	火炭
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	火炭
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	火炭
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	火炭
	Hong Kong	火炭
Huizhou	Jixi	炭
Jin	Taiyuan	木炭
	Xinzhou	木炭
	Liangcheng	炭
Northern Min	Jian'ou	炭
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	炭
Southern Min	Xiamen	炭,火炭,柴炭
	Quanzhou	火炭
	Jinjiang	𠕇炭
	Zhangzhou	火炭,柴炭
	Guilin(Biyange)	炭
	Chaozhou	火炭
	Shantou	火炭
	Jieyang	火炭
	Pontianak(Teochew)	火炭
	Leizhou	火炭
	Haikou	炭
Puxian Min	Xianyou	炭,烏炭
Central Min	Nanping(Wangtai, Yanping)	炭
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan(Sanxiang)	火炭
Southern Pinghua	Nanning(Tingzi)	炭,木炭,柴炭
Northern Pinghua	Guilin(Dongbianzhou)	木炭
Waxiang	Guzhang(Gaofeng)	黑炭
	Yuanling(Shaojiwan)	炭
	Luxi(Liangjiatan)	炭
	Luxi(Lijiatian)	炭
	Chengbu(Xuntou)	黑炭
Wu	Shanghai	火炭
	Suzhou	炭
	Danyang	炭,木炭
	Hangzhou	炭
	Ningbo	炭,木炭
	Wenzhou	炭
	Jinhua	炭
	Yiwu	炭
Xiang	Changsha	炭,白炭
	Shuangfeng	白炭,木炭
	Hengyang	白炭
	Hengshan	炭,木炭

(charcoal fire):炭火 (tànhuǒ)
(coal):

Dialectal synonyms of煤 (“coal”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		煤,烏金
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		煤,煤炭
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	煤
	Taiwan	煤
	Chengde	煤
	Chifeng	煤
	Hulunbuir(Hailar)	煤
	Heihe	煤
	Qiqihar	煤,炭 mined
	Harbin	煤
	Wuchang(Yingchengzi)	煤
	Jiamusi	煤
	Baicheng	煤
	Changchun	煤
	Tonghua	煤,炭 mined
	Shenyang	煤,煤炭 mined,炭 mined
	Jinzhou	煤,煤炭 mined,砟子 mined
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	煤
	Tangshan	煤
	Cangzhou	煤
	Xianxian(Xiaoying)	煤
	Baoding	煤
	Shijiazhuang	煤,炭 fuel
	Lijin	煤
	Jinan	煤,炭
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	煤
	Dandong	煤
	Yantai	煤
	Qingdao	煤
	Zhucheng	煤,炭 mined
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	煤
	Jining	煤,煤炭,炭 fuel
	Wanrong	炭
	Linfen	煤,炭 mined
	Shangqiu	煤,煤炭 mined
	Yuanyang	煤,炭 mined
	Zhengzhou	煤,炭 mined
	Xinyang	煤,炭 mined
	Ankang	煤,煤炭
	Ankang(Xianhe, Hanbin)	煤,煤炭
	Baihe	煤,炭 mined
	Baihe(Maoping)	煤炭
	Xi'an	煤,炭 mined,煤炭 mined
	Dingbian	炭
	Baoji	煤,煤炭 mined
	Tianshui	煤,石炭 mined
	Xining	煤,石煤 mined
	Xuzhou	煤,炭 mined
	Fuyang	煤
	Sokuluk(Gansu Dungan)	煤,煤炭
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	煤,炭 mined
	Lanzhou	煤,炭 mined
	Dunhuang	煤,砟子 fuel
	Hami	煤
	Ürümqi	煤
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	煤,煤炭 mined
	Nanchong	煤,煤炭 mined,炭 mined
	Dazhou	煤炭 mined,薪炭 mined,煤 fuel,炭 fuel
	Hanyuan	炭,煤 fuel
	Xichang	煤,炭 mined
	Zigong	煤,煤炭 mined
	Chongqing	煤炭 mined,煤 fuel,炭 fuel
	Wuhan	煤,炭 mined
	Yichang	煤
	Xiangyang	煤,煤炭 mined
	Tianmen	煤,煤炭 mined,炭 mined
	Guiyang	煤,烏金 mined,鋼炭 mined,炭 mined
	Bijie	煤炭,煤 fuel
	Liping	煤
	Zhaotong	炭
	Dali	煤炭 mined,煤 fuel
	Kunming	煤,煤炭 mined
	Mengzi	煤 mined,炭 fuel
	Guilin	煤,煤炭 mined
	Pingle	煤
	Liuzhou	煤
	Luzhai	煤
	Nanning(Xiakuojie)	煤
	Nanning(Fujian)	煤
	Nanning(Wuming)	煤
	Binyang(Nanjie)	煤
	Hechi(Yizhou)	煤
	Luocheng(Dongmen)	煤,煤炭
	Tianlin(Langping)	煤
	Jishou	煤
	Changde	煤,炭 mined
	Yongzhou	煤炭
	Xiangtan(Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	煤
	Shiquan	煤炭
	Ziyang	煤炭
	Hanzhong	煤,煤炭 mined
	Dagudi(Maliba)	煤
	Reshuitang(Longling)	煤
	Mae Salong(Lancang)	煤
	Mae Sai(Tengchong)	煤
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	煤
	Yangzhou	煤,煤炭 mined,炭 mined
	Lianyungang	煤,炭 mined
	Lianshui	煤
	Nantong	煤,炭 mined
	Anqing	煤
	Wuhu	煤,煤炭 mined
	Hefei	煤,煤炭 mined
	Hong'an	煤,煤炭,炭
Cantonese	Guangzhou	煤
	Hong Kong	煤
	Taishan(Guanghai)	煤
	Yangjiang	煤
	Wuzhou	煤
	Baise	煤
	Qinzhou	煤
	Qinzhou(Xiniujiao)	煤
	Beihai	煤
	Beihai(Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	煤炭
	Beihai(Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	煤
	Fangchenggang(Fangcheng)	煤炭
	Lingchuan(Yangjia)	煤
	Pingle(Majia)	煤
	Pingle(Shuishan)	煤
	Ho Chi Minh City(Guangfu)	煤
	Móng Cái	煤炭
	Mandalay(Taishan)	煤
Gan	Nanchang	煤炭
Gan	Pengze	煤
Hakka	Meixian	煤,石炭
	Bobai(Lingping)	煤
	Guilin(Xiaojiang, Lingui)	煤
	Lipu(Shuangduitun)	煤
	Pingle(Tong'an)	煤
	Yangshuo(Jinbao)	煤
Huizhou	Shexian	煤
Jin	Taiyuan	煤 soot,炭 piece
	Pingyao	炭
	Yangyuan	煤,炭 mined
	Datong	炭
	Datong(Xicetian, Yunzhou)	炭
	Xinzhou	炭
	Lüliang(Lishi)	煤,炭 mined
	Changzhi	煤,炭 mined,炭圪拉得 mined
	Linhe	炭
	Jining	炭
	Liangcheng	煤
	Hohhot	煤,炭 mined
	Erenhot	煤 mined,炭
	Pingshan	煤,炭 mined
	Zhangjiakou	煤,煤炭 mined
	Handan	煤,炭 mined
	Linzhou	煤,炭 mined
	Suide	炭,石炭 mined
Jiuxing Yumin	Jiande	煤
	Jinhua	煤
	Lanxi	煤
	Tunxi	煤
Northern Min	Jian'ou	煤,煤炭
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	煤
	Fuqing	煤
	Gutian	煤
	Pingnan	煤
	Fu'an	煤
	Shouning	煤
Southern Min	Xiamen	塗炭,煤
	Quanzhou	塗炭
	Jinjiang	塗炭
	Zhangzhou	塗炭
	Guilin(Biyange)	煤
	Chaozhou	塗炭,煤
	Shantou	煤
	Jieyang	塗炭,煤
	Pontianak(Teochew)	煤
Puxian Min	Putian	煤,煤炭
	Putian(Donghai, Chengxiang)	煤
	Putian(Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	煤
	Putian(Nanri, Xiuyu)	煤,煤炭
	Xianyou	煤
	Xianyou(Fengting)	煤
	Xianyou(Youyang)	煤
Central Min	Nanping(Wangtai, Yanping)	煤
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan(Sanxiang)	煤
Southern Pinghua	Binyang	煤
Northern Pinghua	Guilin(Dongbianzhou)	煤
Northern Pinghua	Lingchuan(Sanjie)	煤
Waxiang	Guzhang(Gaofeng)	煤
	Yuanling(Shaojiwan)	煤
	Luxi(Liangjiatan)	煤
	Chengbu(Xuntou)	煤
Wu	Shanghai(Songjiang)	煤
	Suzhou	煤
	Wenzhou	煤
	Yiwu	煤
Xiang	Changsha	煤炭,煤
	Shuangfeng	煤炭
	Hengyang	炭,煤
	Hengshan	煤炭
	Hengshan(Baiguo)	煤炭

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

Sino-Xenic (炭):

→ Japanese:炭(たん)(tan)
→ Korean:탄(炭)(tan)
→ Vietnamese:thán(炭)

Others:

→ Khmer:ធ្យូង(thyuung)
→ Proto-Hmong-Mien:*thanᴴ(“charcoal”)
- White Hmong:thee
→ Lao:ຖ່ານ(thān)
→ Thai:ถ่าน(tàan)
→ Vietnamese:than

Japanese

[edit]

Shinjitai	炭
Kyūjitai ^[1]	炭 `炭` or 炭+`︀`^?
	炭󠄁 炭+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	炭󠄃 炭+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. Seehere for details.

Kanji

[edit]

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 炭

炭

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji,kyūjitai form炭)

acoal orcinder from afire
charcoal

Kanji in this term
炭
すみ Grade: 3
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of炭 – see the following entry.

【すみ】	[noun][from 762]charcoal [noun][from early 900s] acoal orcinder from afire [noun][date uncertain](rare)coal(fossil fuel)

(This term,炭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
炭
たん Grade: 3

FromMiddle Chinese炭 (MC thanH).

Pronunciation

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(Tokyo)たん[táꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [tã̠ɴ]

Noun

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炭(たん)• (tan)

(rare)charcoal
Synonyms:(more common; see above)炭(sumi),(literally “wood charcoal”)木炭(mokutan),(rare reading)木炭(kizumi)
(rare)coal(fossil fuel)
Synonyms:(literally “stone charcoal”)石炭(sekitan),(rare reading)石炭(ishizumi)

Usage notes

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This reading is only very rarely used as a standalone noun. Much more commonly encountered in compounds.

Derived terms

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Proper noun

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炭(たん)• (Tan)

asurname

References

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^Haga, Gōtarō (1914),漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition,Tōkyō: Kōbunsha,→DOI, page 1354 (paper), page728 (digital)