| ||||||||
| Japanese | 担 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 担 |
| Traditional | 擔 |
擔 (Kangxi radical 64,手+13, 16 strokes,cangjie input手弓金口 (QNCR),four-corner57061,composition⿰扌詹)
| trad. | 擔 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 担* | |
| alternative forms | 儋 担 𧭃 𥣲 | |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*taːm, *taːms): semantic 扌(“hand”) + phonetic 詹(OC*tjam) – to carry by hand.
According to STEDT, fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*tam(“to carry on shoulder”), whenceBurmeseထမ်း(htam:,“to carry on the shoulder”).Schuessler (2007), on the other hand, notes擔 (OC*taːm) is an area word whose source is probably Austroasiatic; compareProto-Mon-Khmer*klam ~ *kləm(“to carry on shoulder”), whenceKhmuklam(“to carry on shoulder”). An alternative form with initial *t which agrees with later Old Chinese is widespread; compare alsoKhmerទាំ(tŏəm,“to tire of; to bear”),Khmerទ្រាំ(trŏəm,“to bear; to endure”),Proto-Hmong-Mien*ntam(“to carry on shoulder”), whenceIu Miendaːm¹, andProto-Tai*trwaːmᴬ(“to carry on the back”), whenceThaiหาม(hǎam,“to carry”).
The softened initial in Northern Min points to OC pre-nasalization which is supported byIu Miendaːm¹ (Schuessler, 2007), an early Chinese loan into Hmong-Mien (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
擔 (OC*taːms) is擔 (OC*taːm) with the passive s/h-suffix, literally "what is carried".
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 擔 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 都甘切 |
| Baxter | tam |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tɑm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tɑm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɑm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tam/ |
| Li Rong | /tɑm/ |
| Wang Li | /tɑm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tɑm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daam1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 擔 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tam › |
| Old Chinese | /*mə-tˁam/ |
| English | carry on the shoulder |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 擔 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 16747 |
| Phonetic component | 詹 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 擔 |
| Old Chinese | /*taːm/ |
| Notes | 見國語說文作儋 |
擔
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 擔 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 都濫切 |
| Baxter | tamH |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tɑmH/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tɑmH/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɑmH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tamH/ |
| Li Rong | /tɑmH/ |
| Wang Li | /tɑmH/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tɑmH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daam3 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 擔 | 擔 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dàn | dàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tam › | ‹ tamH › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁam/ | /*mə-tˁam-s/ |
| English | burden | burden |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 擔 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 16753 |
| Phonetic component | 詹 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 擔 |
| Old Chinese | /*taːms/ |
擔
| 担 | |
| 擔 |
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji,shinjitai form担)
{{rfdef}}.