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得る

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 5
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
獲る

FromOld Japanese. First attested in theMan'yōshū of 759.[1]

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「得る
Source:Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
得る[éꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形)得ろ[éꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive得られるられ[èráréꜜrù]
Causative得させるさせ[èsáséꜜrù]
Potential得る[éꜜrù]
Volitional得よう[èyóꜜò]
Negative得ないない[éꜜnàì]
Negative perfective得なかったなかった[éꜜnàkàttà]
Formal得ます[èmáꜜsù]
Perfective得た[éꜜtà]
Conjunctive得て[éꜜtè]
Hypothetical conditional得ればれば[éꜜrèbà]

Verb

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() (erutransitive ichidan (stem()(e),past()(eta))

  1. [from 759] toget,acquire,gain,obtain,win,catch
  2. [from 1073](following a verb in the attributive conjugation plus particle(o) or abstract noun(koto,fact, instance, occurrence)) to beable to,can(compare Englishget to do)
  3. [from 1073](by extension; in the formざるを()ない(-zaru o enai) following the imperfective form of a verb) cannot help but doing, cannot but do

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "得る" (SeeAppendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")e
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")e
Shūshikei ("terminal")得るえるeru
Rentaikei ("attributive")得るえるeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")得れえれere
Meireikei ("imperative")得よ¹
得ろ²
えよ¹
えろ²
eyo¹
ero²
Key constructions
Passive得られるえられるerareru
Causative得させる
得さす
えさせる
えさす
esaseru
esasu
Potential得られる
得れる³
えられる
えれる³
erareru
ereru³
Volitional得ようえようeyō
Negative得ない
得ぬ
得ん
えない
えぬ
えん
enai
enu
en
Negative continuative得ずえずezu
Formal得ますえますemasu
Perfective得たえたeta
Conjunctive得てえてete
Hypothetical conditional得ればえればereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Classical conjugation of "" (ア行下二段活用, seeAppendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)e
Continuative (連用形)e
Terminal (終止形)u
Attributive (連体形)得るうるuru
Realis (已然形)得れうれure
Imperative (命令形)得よえよeyo
Key constructions
Negative得ずえずezu
Contrasting conjunction得れどうれどuredo
Causal conjunction得ればうればureba
Conditional conjunction得ばえばeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)得きえきeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)得けりえけりekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)得つえつetu
Perfect tense (natural event)得ぬえぬenu
Perfect-continuative tense得たりえたりetari
Volitional得むえむemu

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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See also

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Suffix

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 5
kun'yomi

() (-uru

  1. [from 759] to be able to,-able
    出来(でき)()(かぎ)吾輩(わがはい)()れてくれた主人(しゅじん)(そば)いる(こと)つとめた
    Dekiuru kagiri wagahai o irete kureta shujin no soba ni iru koto o tsutometa.
    I tried to be at the side of the master who let me in as much aspossible.

Conjugation

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The templateTemplate:ja-verbconj does not use the parameter(s):
notes=* <small>¹ Written imperative</small>* <small>² Spoken imperative</small>* <small>³ Colloquial potential</small>
Please seeModule:checkparams for help with this warning.

Conjugation of "得る" (SeeAppendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)e
Continuative (連用形)e
Terminal (終止形)得るうるuru
Attributive (連体形)得るうるuru
Hypothetical (仮定形)得れうれure
Imperative (命令形)得よ¹
得ろ²
えよ¹
えろ²
eyo¹
ero²
Key constructions
Passive得られるえられるerareru
Causative得させる
得さす
えさせる
えさす
esaseru
esasu
Potential得られる
得れる³
えられる
えれる³
erareru
ereru³
Volitional得ようえようeyō
Negative得ない
得ぬ
得ん
えない
えぬ
えん
enai
enu
en
Negative continuative得ずえずezu
Formal得ますえますemasu
Perfective得たえたeta
Conjunctive得てえてete
Hypothetical conditional得ればうればureba
Classical conjugation of "" (ア行下二段活用, seeAppendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)e
Continuative (連用形)e
Terminal (終止形)u
Attributive (連体形)得るうるuru
Realis (已然形)得れうれure
Imperative (命令形)得よえよeyo
Key constructions
Negative得ずえずezu
Contrasting conjunction得れどうれどuredo
Causal conjunction得ればうればureba
Conditional conjunction得ばえばeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)得きえきeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)得けりえけりekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)得つえつetu
Perfect tense (natural event)得ぬえぬenu
Perfect-continuative tense得たりえたりetari
Volitional得むえむemu

References

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  1. ^得・獲”, in日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition,Tokyo:Shogakukan,2006
  2. ^Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974),新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō
  3. ^NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998),NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese),Tokyo:NHK Publishing, Inc.,→ISBN
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