Movatterモバイル変換

巧

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

巧	U+5DE7,巧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DE7

←左
[U+5DE6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

巨 →
[U+5DE8]

Translingual

[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary:page 325, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8721
Dae Jaweon: page 628, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 412, character 1
Unihan data for U+5DE7

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

[edit]

Characters in the samephonetic series (丂)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
丂	*kʰluːʔ
攷	*kʰluːʔ
考	*kʰluːʔ
烤	*kʰluːʔ
拷	*kʰluːʔ
栲	*kʰluːʔ
洘	*kʰluːʔ
銬	*kʰluːs
巧	kʰruːʔ, kʰruːs
朽	*qʰluʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*kʰruːʔ, *kʰruːs): semantic 工 + phonetic 丂(OC*kʰluːʔ)

Etymology 1

[edit]

simp. andtrad.		巧

Pronunciation

[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):qiǎo (qiao³)
(Zhuyin):ㄑㄧㄠˇ
(Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):qiào
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):haau²
(Dongguan,Jyutping++):haau²
(Taishan,Wiktionary):kau²
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):kháu / khiáu
(Hailu,HRS):kau^ˊ
(Meixian,Guangdong):kau²
Jin(Wiktionary):qiau²
Northern Min(KCR):kiǎu
Eastern Min(BUC):kiēu
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):kieo³ / kao³
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):khá /khiáu /kháu
(Teochew,Peng'im):ka² / kiao² / kiou²
(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):ka² / kiao²
Southern Pinghua(Nanning,Jyutping++):kui²
Wu(Wugniu)
- (Northern):⁵chiau /³chiau /⁵khau /³khau
- (Jinhua):³chiau
Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):qiau³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:qiǎo
  - Zhuyin:ㄑㄧㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:ciǎo
  - Wade–Giles:chʻiao³
  - Yale:chyǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:cheau
  - Palladius:цяо(cjao)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin:qiào
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕʰiau⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:haau²
  - Yale:háau
  - Cantonese Pinyin:haau²
  - Guangdong Romanization:hao²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/haːu̯³⁵/
- (Dongguan,Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++:haau²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hau³⁵/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:kau²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʰau⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:kháu / khiáu
  - Hakka Romanization System:kau^ˋ / kiau^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:kau³ / kiau³
  - SinologicalIPA:/kʰau̯³¹/, /kʰi̯au̯³¹/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:kau^ˊ
  - SinologicalIPA:/kʰau²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:kau²
  - SinologicalIPA:/kʰau¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:qiau²
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/t͡ɕʰiau⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:kiǎu
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʰiau²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:kiēu
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʰieu³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:kieo³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:kâ̤u
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʰieu⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:kieo³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʰieu³³²/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:kao³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:kâu
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʰau⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:kao³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʰau³³²/

Note:

kieo3 - vernacular;
kao3 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,Jinjiang,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:khá
  - Tâi-lô:khá
  - Phofsit Daibuun:qar
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou,Jinjiang):/kʰa⁵⁵⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/kʰa⁴¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Taipei):/kʰa⁵³/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,Jinjiang,GeneralTaiwanese,Singapore,Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:khiáu
  - Tâi-lô:khiáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun:qiao
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Taipei):/kʰiau⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou,Jinjiang,Philippines):/kʰiau⁵⁵⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Singapore):/kʰiau⁴²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/kʰiau⁴¹/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:kháu
  - Tâi-lô:kháu
  - Phofsit Daibuun:qao
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Taipei):/kʰau⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/kʰau⁵⁵⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/kʰau⁴¹/

Note:

khá - vernacular (“rare but exquisite; fake; cunning”);
khiáu - vernacular (“ingenious; cunning; skillful; pretty”);
kháu - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:ka² / kiao² / kiou²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:khá / khiáu / khióu
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʰa⁵²/, /kʰiau⁵²/, /kʰiou⁵²/

Note:

ka2 - vernacular;
kiao2/kiou2 - literary (kiou2 - Chaozhou).

(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin:ka² / kiao²
- SinologicalIPA:/kʰa³¹/, /kʰiau³¹/

Note:

ka2 - vernacular;
kiao2 - literary.

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua,Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++:kui²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʰui³³/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁵chiau
  - MiniDict:chiau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):²qiau
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/t͡ɕʰiɔ³⁴/
- (Northern:Jiading,Songjiang,Chongming,Suzhou,Changzhou,Jiaxing,Hangzhou,Shaoxing,Ningbo,Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu:³chiau
  - MiniDict:chiau^上
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiading):/t͡ɕʰiɔ³⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/cʰiɔ⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/t͡ɕʰiɔ⁴²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/t͡ɕʰiæ⁵¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Changzhou):/t͡ɕʰiaɯ⁴⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiaxing):/t͡ɕʰiɔ⁴³⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/t͡ɕʰiɔ⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/t͡ɕʰiɒ³³⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/t͡ɕʰiɔ³²⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhoushan):/t͡ɕʰiɔ³⁵/
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁵khau
  - MiniDict:khau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):²khau
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/kʰɔ³⁴/
- (Northern:Suzhou)
  - Wugniu:³khau
  - MiniDict:khau^上
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/kʰæ⁵¹/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu:³chiau
  - SinologicalIPA (Jinhua):/t͡ɕʰiɑu⁵³⁵/

Note: 5khau/3khau - used in巧果.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:qiau³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕʰi̯ɒu̯⁴¹/

Middle Chinese:khaewX, khaewH

Rime
Character	巧	巧
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	苦絞切	苦敎切
Baxter	khaewX	khaewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠau^X/	/kʰˠau^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚau^X/	/kʰᵚau^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰau^X/	/kʰau^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaɨw^X/	/kʰaɨw^H/
Li Rong	/kʰau^X/	/kʰau^H/
Wang Li	/kʰau^X/	/kʰau^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰau^X/	/kʰau^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiǎo	qiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haau²	haau³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*[kʰ]ˤruʔ/
(Zhengzhang):/*kʰruːʔ/, /*kʰruːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	巧
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ khæw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁruʔ/
English	artful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	巧	巧
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	7410	7411
Phonetic component	丂	丂
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	巧	敲
Old Chinese	/*kʰruːʔ/	/*kʰruːs/

Definitions

[edit]

巧

skill;technique
ingenious;skillful
hypocritical;fake;cunning
exquisite;elaborate
(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien)pretty;beautiful
opportune;coincidental
真是太巧了！ ― Zhēnshì tàiqiǎo le! ― What a coincidence!
fortunately;by chance
(Hefei Mandarin)cheap
(～日)(telegraphy) theeighteenth day of amonth
asurname

Synonyms

[edit]

(coincidental):(Hokkien)千 (chhian)

Dialectal synonyms of便宜 (“cheap”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		便宜,低廉,低賤
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	便宜,賤
	Taiwan	便宜
	Harbin	便宜,賤
	Malaysia	便宜
	Singapore	便宜
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	便宜,賤
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai(Muping)	便宜,賤
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	便宜,賤
	Wanrong	便宜,賤
	Xi'an	便宜,賤
	Xining	便宜
	Xuzhou	便宜,賤
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	便宜
	Lanzhou	便宜
	Ürümqi	便宜
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	相因,便宜
	Wuhan	便宜,相因
	Guiyang	相因
	Liuzhou	便宜
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	便宜
	Yangzhou	便宜,划廉
	Nantong	便宜
	Hefei	巧,便宜
Cantonese	Guangzhou	平
	Hong Kong	平
	Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)	平
	Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)	平
	Hong Kong(Ting Kok)	平
	Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau)	平
	Macau	平
	Guangzhou(Panyu)	平
	Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)	平
	Guangzhou(Conghua)	平
	Guangzhou(Zengcheng)	平
	Foshan	平
	Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)	平
	Foshan(Shunde)	平
	Foshan(Sanshui)	平
	Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)	便宜,平
	Zhongshan(Shiqi)	平
	Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	平
	Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	平
	Zhuhai(Doumen)	平
	Jiangmen(Baisha)	平
	Jiangmen(Xinhui)	平
	Taishan	平
	Kaiping(Chikan)	平
	Enping(Niujiang)	平
	Heshan(Yayao)	平
	Dongguan	平
	Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)	平
	Qingyuan	平
	Fogang	平
	Yingde(Hanguang)	平
	Yangshan	平,便宜
	Lianshan(Butian)	平
	Lianzhou(Qingshui; Sihui)	平宜
	Shaoguan	平
	Shaoguan(Qujiang)	平
	Renhua	平,抵得
	Lechang	平
	Zhaoqing(Gaoyao)	平
	Sihui	平
	Guangning	平枯
	Deqing	平
	Huaiji	平
	Fengkai(Nanfeng)	平
	Yunfu	平
	Xinxing	平
	Luoding	平
	Yunan(Pingtai)	平
	Yangjiang	平,平宜
	Nanning	平
	Yulin	平
	Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)	平
	Singapore(Guangfu)	平
Gan	Nanchang	便宜
	Lichuan	便宜
	Pingxiang	便宜
Hakka	Meixian	便宜,平
	Dabu(Xihe)	便宜
	Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)	便宜,平
	Dongguan(Qingxi)	平
	Boluo(Bendihua)	平,便宜
	Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)	平
	Zhongshan(Wuguishan)	平
	Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)	平
	Wuhua(Shuizhai)	便宜
	Wuhua(Huacheng)	便宜,平
	Wuhua(Changbu)	平
	Wuhua(Mianyang)	便宜
	Heyuan(Bendihua)	平,便宜
	Longchuan(Tuocheng; Bendihua)	平,便宜
	Heping(Linzhai; Bendihua)	便宜
	Lianping(Longjie; Bendihua)	平,便宜
	Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)	便宜
	Jiexi	便宜
	Luhe	便宜
	Nanjing(Meilin)	便宜
	Nanjing(Tianluokeng, Shuyang)	便宜
	Changting	便宜
	Longyan(Yongding)	便宜
	Longyan(Xiayang, Yongding)	便宜
	Longyan(Gaobei, Yongding)	便宜
	Longyan(Hukeng, Yongding)	便宜
	Wuping(Zhongshan)	便宜
	Liancheng(Peitian)	便宜
	Liancheng(Juxi)	便宜
	Liancheng(Zhongbao)	便宜
	Liancheng(Laiyuan)	便宜
	Yudu	便宜
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	便宜
	Miaoli(Zaoqiao; N. Sixian)	便宜
	Miaoli(Touwu; N. Sixian)	便宜
	Miaoli(Nanzhuang; N. Sixian)	便宜
	Miaoli(Shitan; N. Sixian)	便宜
	Miaoli(Sanwan; N. Sixian)	便宜
	Miaoli(Toufen; N. Sixian)	便宜
	Miaoli(Gongguan; N. Sixian)	便宜
	Miaoli(Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	便宜
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	便宜
	Pingtung(Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	便宜
	Pingtung(Jiadong; S. Sixian)	便宜
	Kaohsiung(Meinong; S. Sixian)	便宜
	Kaohsiung(Shanlin; S. Sixian)	俗,便宜
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	便宜
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	便宜
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	便宜
	Miaoli(Zhuolan; Raoping)	便宜
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	便宜
	Hong Kong	平
	Sabah(Longchuan)	便宜
	Kuala Lumpur(Dabu)	便宜
	Senai(Huiyang)	便宜
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa(Hepo)	便宜
	Singkawang	便宜
	Bangkok(Meixian)	便宜
	Bangkok(Fengshun)	便宜
Huizhou	Jixi	便宜
Jin	Taiyuan	便宜,賤
Jin	Xinzhou	便宜,賤
Northern Min	Jian'ou	便宜
	Nanping(Xiayang, Yanping)	便宜
	Songxi	便宜
	Zhenghe	便宜
	Shunchang(Yangdun)	平
	Jianyang	平
	Wuyishan	平
	Pucheng(Shibei)	便宜
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	便宜,賤
Eastern Min	Matsu	便宜
Southern Min	Xiamen	俗,便宜
	Quanzhou	俗,便宜
	Zhangzhou	俗,便宜
	Taipei	俗
	New Taipei(Sanxia)	俗
	Kaohsiung	俗
	Yilan	俗,便宜
	Changhua(Lukang)	俗
	Taichung	俗
	Taichung(Wuqi)	俗
	Tainan	俗
	Taitung	俗
	Hsinchu	俗
	Kinmen	俗
	Penghu(Magong)	俗,便宜
	Penang(Hokkien)	便宜
	Singapore(Hokkien)	偏
	Manila(Hokkien)	俗
	Chaozhou	便
	Shantou	便
	Jieyang	便
	Johor Bahru(Teochew)	便
	Singapore(Teochew)	便
	Wenchang	便宜
	Haikou	便宜
	Qionghai	便宜
	Singapore(Hainanese)	便宜
Puxian Min	Putian	相因
Puxian Min	Xianyou	相因
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)	平
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan(Sanxiang)	平
Southern Pinghua	Nanning(Tingzi)	平
Wu	Shanghai	便宜,𠼢
	Shanghai(Chongming)	便宜,𠼢
	Suzhou	便宜,𠼢
	Danyang	便宜,賤
	Hangzhou	便宜,𠼢
	Ningbo	便宜,𠼢
	Wenzhou	鬆,便宜
	Jinhua	便宜,賤
Xiang	Changsha	便宜
	Loudi	便宜
	Shuangfeng	便宜,賤

Dialectal synonyms of聰明 (“clever; intelligent; smart; bright”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		聰明,伶俐,聰敏,聰穎
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		聰明,機靈,伶俐,聰敏,聰穎,聰慧
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	聰明
	Taiwan	聰明
	Malaysia	聰明,pandai
	Singapore	聰明,pandai
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	聰明
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	靈,靈醒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	精靈,聰明
	Wuhan	聰明
	Guilin	聰明
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	聰明
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	聰明
Cantonese	Guangzhou	聰明,醒,醒目,叻,精
	Hong Kong	聰明,醒,醒目,叻,精
	Taishan	聰明,叻,參
	Kaiping(Chikan)	叻
	Yangjiang	伶俐,叻
	Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)	精,扮𠮨
	Singapore(Guangfu)	聰明,精,叻,醒目,扮𠮨
Gan	Nanchang	精靈,聰明
Hakka	Meixian	聰明,機靈
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	聰明
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	聰明
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	聰明
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	聰明,精
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	聰明,精
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	聰明
	Kuching(Hepo)	將
Jin	Taiyuan	機靈,聰明
Northern Min	Jian'ou	聰明
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	聰明
Southern Min	Xiamen	聰明,伶俐
	Quanzhou	聰明,骨,骨鳥 derogatory,伶俐
	Zhangzhou	聰明,伶俐
	Taipei	聰明,巧,明白
	Singapore(Hokkien)	聰明,𠢕,勥,醒目,巧
	Manila(Hokkien)	巧,勥,𠢕
	Chaozhou	聰明
	Singapore(Teochew)	聰明
	Wenchang	精
	Singapore(Hainanese)	精
Wu	Suzhou	聰明
	Ningbo	聰明
	Wenzhou	靈,聰明
Xiang	Changsha	靈泛,聰明
Xiang	Shuangfeng	聰明