| ||||||||
屈 (Kangxi radical 44,尸+5, 8 strokes,cangjie input尸山山 (SUU),four-corner77272,composition⿸尸出)
| simp. andtrad. | 屈 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
| Historical forms of the character屈 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) | Liushutong (compiled inMing) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |  |  |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 聉 | *r̥ʰuːlʔ, *ŋrɯd, *ʔr'uːd, *ŋruːd |
| 贅 | *kljods |
| 祟 | *sqʰluds |
| 出 | *kʰljuds, *kʰljud |
| 茁 | *ʔl'ɯd, *skruːd, *skrod, *skrud |
| 欪 | *qʰlɯd, *l̥ʰud |
| 貀 | *ŋr'uːd |
| 袦 | *ŋr'oːd |
| 咄 | *ʔl'oːd, *ʔl'uːd |
| 柮 | *sɡloːd, *ʔl'uːd |
| 拙 | *kljod |
| 炪 | *kljod, *l̥ʰud |
| 掘 | *ɡlod, *ɡlud |
| 鈯 | *l'uːd |
| 啒 | *kluːd, *qʰluːd |
| 淈 | *kluːd, *ɡluːd |
| 窟 | *kʰluːd |
| 泏 | *kʰluːd, *ʔl'ud |
| 堀 | *kʰluːd, *ɡlud |
| 胐 | *kʰluːd |
| 窋 | *ʔl'ud |
| 絀 | *ʔl'ud |
| 黜 | *l̥ʰud |
| 屈 | *klud, *kʰlud |
| 趉 | *klud |
| 鶌 | *klud |
| 詘 | *kʰlud |
| 倔 | *ɡlud |
| 崛 | *ɡlud, *ŋɡlud |
Originally𡲶.Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*klud, *kʰlud): phonetic 出(OC*kʰljuds, *kʰljud) + semantic 尾(“tail”).尾 became尸 in clerical script.
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
| Variety | Location | 屈 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰy²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰy²¹/ | |
| Xining | /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰy¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰy³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/ /t͡ɕʰy³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰiu²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡ɕʰiu³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡ɕʰyʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰyeʔ²¹/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰy⁵/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰyʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰiut̚¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /kʰut̚²²/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wɐt̚⁵/ |
| Nanning | /wɐt̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /wɐt̚⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰut̚³²/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰouʔ²³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰy²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰuk̚²/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /xut̚⁵/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 屈 | 屈 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 物 (60) | 物 (60) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 九勿切 | 區勿切 |
| Baxter | kjut | khjut |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨut̚/ | /kʰɨut̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiut̚/ | /kʰiut̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiuət̚/ | /kʰiuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kut̚/ | /kʰut̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kiuət̚/ | /kʰiuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭuət̚/ | /kʰĭuət̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯uət̚/ | /kʰi̯uət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ju | qu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwat1 | fat1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 屈 | 屈 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qū | qū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khjut › | ‹ khjut › |
| Old Chinese | /*Nə-[kʰ]ut/ | /*[kʰ]ut/ |
| English | bent | bend, subdue |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 屈 | 屈 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1579 | 1583 |
| Phonetic component | 出 | 出 |
| Rime group | 物 | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𠀔 | 屈 |
| Old Chinese | /*klud/ | /*kʰlud/ |
屈
屈
屈
{{rfdef}}.