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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:宇,亭,and宁

字	U+5B57,字 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B57

←孖
[U+5B56]

CJK Unified Ideographs

存 →
[U+5B58]

🈑	U+1F211,🈑 SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B57

←🈐
[U+1F210]

Enclosed Ideographic Supplement

🈒 →
[U+1F212]

Translingual

[edit]

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

[edit]

字 (Kangxi radical 39,子+3, 6 strokes,cangjie input十弓木 (JND),four-corner3040₇,composition⿱宀子)

Derived characters

[edit]

牸,茡

Additional Derived Characters

𪜸,𭇬,𬇤,𭸇,𣑑,𡨸,𫃣,𦍺,𮋩,𫇊,𧧕,𲂯,𫒛,𪰿,𮪃
𡦂,𫿰,𫡉,𭓆,𫳘,𪧚,𭓖,𭓙,𡶻,𣉬,𡦙,𥊐,𱚂

References

[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary:page 277, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6942
Dae Jaweon: page 545, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1010, character 2
Unihan data for U+5B57

Chinese

[edit]

simp. andtrad.		字

Glyph origin

[edit]

Historical forms of the character字
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the samephonetic series (子)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
孜	*ʔslɯ
仔	ʔslɯ, ʔslɯʔ
孖	ʔslɯ, zlɯs
子	*ʔslɯʔ
虸	*ʔslɯʔ
耔	*ʔslɯʔ
秄	*ʔslɯʔ
杍	*ʔslɯʔ
籽	*ʔslɯʔ
字	*zlɯs
茡	*zlɯs
芓	*zlɯs
牸	*zlɯs
李	*rɯʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*zlɯs): semantic宀(“roof”) + phonetic子(OC*ʔslɯʔ,“child”).

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*tsa ~ za(“child; to give birth; to take care; to be kind”). Related to:

子 (OC*ʔslɯʔ, “child, son”) (also its phonetic component)
慈 (OC*zɯ, “to be kind, loving”)
滋 (OC*ʔsɯ, “to nourish, to grow”)
詞 (OC*ljɯ, “word, term”)
辭 (OC*ljɯ, “word, from testimony”)

Original sense (1): “to become pregnant, to give birth to, to nurture, to love” has essentially become obsolete. The sense (2) “letter, character” is either from a different root or a derivation from the sense “to produce, to generate”.

Cognate withTibetanཚ་བོ(tsha bo,“nephew”),Tibetanཚ་རུས(tsha rus,“descendant”),Tibetanབཙའ(btsa',“to give birth to; to guard”),Tibetanམཛའ(mdza',“kind, peaceful, friendly”) (Quan, 1996),Burmeseစာ(ca,“writing, letter”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):zì (zi⁴)
(Zhuyin):ㄗˋ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):zi⁴
(Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):zī
(Nanjing,Nanjing Pinyin):ziī
(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):зы (zɨ, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):zi⁶
(Dongguan,Jyutping++):zai³
(Taishan,Wiktionary):du⁵
Gan(Wiktionary):ci²
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):sṳ
(Hailu,HRS):sii^˖
(Meixian,Guangdong):si⁴
Jin(Wiktionary):zi³
Northern Min(KCR):cī
Eastern Min(BUC):cê
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):zi⁵ / zo⁵ / zer⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):lī /jī /lǐ /gī /chū /chīr /chī /jū
(Teochew,Peng'im):ri⁷ / re⁶
(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):zu⁷ / zu¹
Southern Pinghua(Nanning,Jyutping++):zi⁶
Wu(Wugniu)
- (Northern):⁶zy
- (Jinhua):⁶zy
Xiang
(Changsha,Wiktionary):zr⁵ / zr⁴
(Loudi,Wiktionary):zzr⁵
(Hengyang,Wiktionary):zr⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:zì
  - Zhuyin:ㄗˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:zìh
  - Wade–Giles:tzŭ⁴
  - Yale:dz̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:tzyh
  - Palladius:цзы(czy)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sz̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese,erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:zìr
  - Zhuyin:ㄗˋㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:zìhr
  - Wade–Giles:tzŭ⁴-ʼrh
  - Yale:dzìr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:tzell
  - Palladius:цзыр(czyr)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sz̩ɻ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:zi⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:z
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sz̩²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin:zī
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin:ziī
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered):zii⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:зы (zɨ, III)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:zi⁶
  - Yale:jih
  - Cantonese Pinyin:dzi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization:ji⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡siː²²/
- (Dongguan,Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++:zai³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sɐi³²/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:du⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tu³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:ci²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:sṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System:sii
  - Hagfa Pinyim:si⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:sii^˖
  - SinologicalIPA:/sɨ³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:si⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/sz̩⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:zi³
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:cī
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡si⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:cê
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sɛi²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian,Jiangkou,Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:zi⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:cī
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡si¹¹/
- (Xianyou,Youyang,Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:zi⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡si²¹/
- (Putian,Jiangkou,Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:zo⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:ceō
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡so¹¹/
- (Xianyou,Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:zo⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡so²¹/
- (Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:zer⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sɤ²¹/

Note:

zi5 - vernacular;
zo5/zer5 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Jinjiang,Hui'an,Taipei,Hsinchu,Kinmen,Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:lī
  - Tâi-lô:lī
  - Phofsit Daibuun:li
  - IPA (Taipei):/li³³/
  - IPA (Hui'an):/li²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou,Jinjiang,Philippines):/li⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen,Kinmen):/li²²/
- (Hokkien:Zhangzhou,Zhangpu,Kaohsiung,Tainan,Taichung,Hsinchu,Sanxia,Yilan,Magong,Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:jī
  - Tâi-lô:jī
  - Phofsit Daibuun:ji
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/zi³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou):/d͡zi²²/
  - IPA (Penang):/d͡zi²¹/
  - IPA (Zhangpu,Tainan,Yilan):/d͡zi³³/
- (Hokkien:Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:lǐ
  - Tâi-lô:lǐ
  - IPA (Lukang):/li³³/
- (Hokkien:Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:gī
  - Tâi-lô:gī
  - Phofsit Daibuun:gi
- (Hokkien:Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chū
  - Tâi-lô:tsū
  - Phofsit Daibuun:zu
  - IPA (Xiamen):/t͡su²²/
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou,Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chīr
  - Tâi-lô:tsīr
  - IPA (Quanzhou):/t͡sɯ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Hui'an):/t͡sɯ²¹/
- (Hokkien:Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chī
  - Tâi-lô:tsī
  - Phofsit Daibuun:ci
  - IPA (Jinjiang):/t͡si⁴¹/
- (Hokkien:Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:jū
  - Tâi-lô:jū
  - Phofsit Daibuun:ju
  - IPA (Zhangzhou):/d͡zu²²/

Note:

lī/jī/lǐ/gī - vernacular (“letter; courtesy name; calligraphy work; five minutes”);
chū/chīr/chī/jū - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:ri⁷ / re⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:jī / jṳ̆
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/d͡zi¹¹/, /d͡zɯ³⁵/

Note: re6 - Chinese-style name, “to be allow to marry”.

- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin:zu⁷ / zu¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡su⁵⁵/, /t͡su³⁵/
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua,Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++:zi⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡si²²/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai,Suzhou,Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu:⁶zy
  - MiniDict:zy^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³zr
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/zz̩²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/zz̩²³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/zz̩¹¹³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu:⁶zy
  - SinologicalIPA (Jinhua):/zz̩¹⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:zr⁵ / zr⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sz̩²¹/, /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/

Note:

zr5 - vernacular;
zr4 - literary.

(Loudi)
- Wiktionary:zzr⁵
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/d͡zz̩¹¹/
(Hengyang)
- Wiktionary:zr⁴
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sz̩³²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 字
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sz̩⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡sz̩⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ye⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡sz̩²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡sz̩⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sz̩³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sz̩²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sz̩¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡sz̩¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sz̩²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sz̩³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sz̩¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡sz̩²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡sz̩²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡sz̩³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/zz̩²³/
	Suzhou	/zz̩³¹/
	Hangzhou	/zz̩¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zz̩²²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰz̩²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sz̩⁵⁵/ /t͡sz̩¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/d͡zz̩²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰz̩²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/sz̩⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/sï⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡si²²/
	Nanning	/t͡sz̩²²/
	Hong Kong	/t͡si²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡su²²/ /li²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sɛi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡si⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/zi³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡si³³/ /tu²³/訓書

Middle Chinese:dziH

Rime
Character	字
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疾置切
Baxter	dziH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɨ^H/
Li Rong	/d͡ziə^H/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭə^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*mə-dzə(ʔ)-s/
(Zhengzhang):/*zlɯs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	字
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzi^H ›
Old Chinese	/*mə-dzə(ʔ)-s/
English	breed, love (v.); character
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	字
Reading #	1/1
No.	17864
Phonetic component	子
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	字
Old Chinese	/*zlɯs/
Notes	子分化字

Definitions

[edit]

字

letter;symbol;character, especially aChinese character(Classifier:個／个mc; 隻／只c)
這個字怎麼唸？／这个字怎么念？ ― Zhègezì zěnme niàn? ― How do you read thischaracter?
字母 ― zìmǔ ― letter
字串 ― zìchuàn ― character string
word;term;wording;diction
這字拼錯了。／这字拼错了。 ― Zhèzì pīn cuò le. ― Thisword is wrongly spelt; you've left out a letter.
(computing)word(natural unit of data)
handwriting;writing
他的字很差。 ― Tā dezì hěn chà. ― Hishandwriting is very bad.
字如其人 ― zì rú qí rén ― One'shandwriting is like the one themself
(historical)courtesy name;Chinese-stylename(a name traditionally given to Chinese males at the age of 20 and females at the age of 15)
仲尼是孔子的字。[MSC,trad. andsimp.]
Zhòngní shì Kǒngzǐ dezì.[Pinyin]
Zhongni is the courtesy name of Confucius.
(historical) tostyle; to give someone acourtesy name
岳飛字鵬舉。／岳飞字鹏举。 ― Yuèfēizì péng jǔ. ― Yue Fei is styled with the courtesy name of Pengju.
(calligraphy)style ofhandwriting;printing type
柳字 ― liǔzì ― style of calligraphy of Liu Gongquan
(calligraphy) (a calligrapher's)calligraphy work
字畫／字画 ― zìhuà ― calligraphy and painting
pronunciation of acharacter;pronunciation
字正腔圓／字正腔圆 ― zìzhèngqiāngyuán ― pronouncing every word clearly and correctly
written letter;message;correspondence
receipt;contract;slip
我還沒收到款子，先別寫個字兒給他。[MSC,trad.]
我还没收到款子，先别写个字儿给他。[MSC,simp.]
Wǒ háiméi shōu dào kuǎnzi, xiān bié xiě gezìr gěi tā.[Pinyin]
I haven't received the sum of payment yet, so don't write a receipt for him yet.
(colloquial)side of acoin with writtencharacters;tails
Antonyms:鏝 /镘(màn),公(gung¹)(Cantonese)
(Cantonese,Hakka,Min,Malaysia,Singapore)five minutes (derived from the locations of 1 to 12 on a clock face)(Classifier:個／个mc; 隻／只h)
三個字／三个字[Cantonese] ― saam¹ go³zi⁶[Jyutping] ― fifteen minutes [i.e. when the minute hand points to 3]
七點兩字／七点两字[Hokkien] ― chhit tiám nn̄gjī[Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― ten past seven
一個字／一个字[Teochew] ― zêg⁸ gai⁵ ri⁷[Peng'im] ― five minutes [i.e. when the minute hand points to 1]
而家係一點十一個字。[Guangzhou Cantonese,trad.]
而家系一点十一个字。[Guangzhou Cantonese,simp.]
ji⁴ gaa¹ hai⁶ jat¹ dim² sap⁶ jat¹ go³zi⁶.[Jyutping]
It's five to two now. (Literally: It's one o'clock [and] eleven five-minutes.)
爭三個字到六點[Guangzhou Cantonese,trad.]
争三个字到六点[Guangzhou Cantonese,simp.]
zaang¹ saam¹ go³zi⁶ dou³ luk⁶ dim²[Jyutping]
a quarter to six (Literally: Missing three five-minutes to six o'clock)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) togive birth to; todeliver ababy; tobring into theworld
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to bepregnant; to becarrying ababy
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese,historical, of a girl) to bebetrothed; to beallowed tomarry
待字閨中／待字闺中 ― dàizìguīzhōng ― to stay in the boudoir waiting to bebetrothed
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) tobring up; toraise; torear (a child)
- 其僚無子，使字敬叔。[Traditional Chinese poetry,trad.]
  其僚无子，使字敬叔。[Traditional Chinese poetry,simp.]
  From:Commentary of Zuo,c. 4^th centuryBCE
  Qí liáo wú zǐ, shǐzì Jìngshū.[Pinyin]
  Her companion had no child, but she was employed tobring up Jingshu.
(obsolete or GuzhangWaxiang) tolove; tocherish; tocare very much for
- 子弗祗服厥父事，大傷厥考心；于父不能字厥子，乃疾厥子。[Traditional Chinese poetry,trad.]
  子弗祗服厥父事，大伤厥考心；于父不能字厥子，乃疾厥子。[Traditional Chinese poetry,simp.]
  From: TheBook of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd centuryBCE
  Zǐ fú zhī fú jué fù shì, dà shāng jué kǎo xīn; yú fù bùnéngzì jué zǐ, nǎi jí jué zǐ.[Pinyin]
  The son who does not reverently discharge his duty to his father, but greatly wounds his father's heart, and the father who can (no longer)love his son, but hates him.
- 楚雖大，非吾族也，其肯字我乎？[Traditional Chinese poetry,trad.]
  楚虽大，非吾族也，其肯字我乎？[Traditional Chinese poetry,simp.]
  From:Commentary of Zuo,c. 4^th centuryBCE
  Chǔ suī dà, fēi wú zú yě, qí kěnzì wǒ hū?[Pinyin]
  Although Chu is great, they are not akin to us; how will they be willing tolove us?
- 禮也者，小事大、大字小之謂。事大在共其時命，字小在恤其所無。[Traditional Chinese poetry,trad.]
  礼也者，小事大、大字小之谓。事大在共其时命，字小在恤其所无。[Traditional Chinese poetry,simp.]
  From:Commentary of Zuo,c. 4^th centuryBCE, translation fromZuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg
  Lǐ yě zhě, xiǎo shì dà, dàzì xiǎo zhī wèi. Shì dà zài gōng qí shímìng,zì xiǎo zài xù qí suǒwú.[Pinyin]
  By definition, ritual propriety means that the lesser serve the greater and the greatercare for the lesser. Serving the greater consists of respecting timely commands from them.Caring for the lesser consists of showing concern about the things that they lack.
(LuxiWaxiang) toenvy; to bejealous of; toadmire
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) toeducate; toteach; toinstruct
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) togovern; toadminister
asurname
(Penang Hokkien)certificate

Synonyms

[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of字 (“written character”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		字
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	字兒
	Taiwan	字
	Singapore	字
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai(Muping)	字
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	字
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	字
Lanyin Mandarin	Lanzhou	字兒
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	字
Cantonese	Guangzhou	字
	Hong Kong	字
	Singapore(Guangfu)	字
Gan	Lichuan	字
Hakka	Meixian	字
Northern Min	Jian'ou	字
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	字
Southern Min	Xiamen	字
	Singapore(Hokkien)	字
	Chaozhou	字
	Singapore(Teochew)	字
	Leizhou	字
	Haikou	字
Wu	Shanghai	字
	Ningbo	字
	Wenzhou	字

(courtesy name):表字 (biǎozì);(Hokkien)字名

Dialectal synonyms of字 (“side of a coin with written characters”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	字兒
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	字兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	字兒
	Xining	字兒
	Xuzhou	字兒
Lanyin Mandarin	Lanzhou	字兒
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	字兒
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	麻
Cantonese	Hong Kong	字
Gan	Nanchang	字
	Lichuan	碼兒,字兒
	Pingxiang	麻子,字仔
Jin	Taiyuan	字兒
	Xinzhou	字兒
	Shenmu	字兒
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	字
Wu	Ningbo	字
Wu	Wenzhou	字
Xiang	Changsha	麻子

Dialectal synonyms of喜歡 (“to like”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		好,喜好,愛好,字
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		喜歡,喜愛,喜好,愛好
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	喜歡,好希,稀罕,愛
	Taiwan	喜歡,愛
	Malaysia	喜歡
	Singapore	喜歡
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	喜歡
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	喜歡,愛
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	喜歡,歡喜,愛
	Chongqing	喜歡,歡喜
	Wuhan	喜歡,愛
	Guilin	喜歡
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	歡喜
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	喜歡
Cantonese	Guangzhou	中意,歡喜
	Hong Kong	中意,好
	Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)	中意
	Macau	中意
	Guangzhou(Panyu)	中意
	Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)	中意
	Guangzhou(Conghua)	中意
	Guangzhou(Zengcheng)	中意
	Foshan	中意
	Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)	中意
	Foshan(Shunde)	中意
	Foshan(Sanshui)	中意
	Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)	中意
	Zhongshan(Shiqi)	歡喜,中意
	Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	中意
	Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	中意
	Zhuhai(Doumen)	中意
	Jiangmen(Baisha)	中意
	Jiangmen(Xinhui)	中意
	Taishan	中意
	Kaiping(Chikan)	爽心,中意
	Enping(Niujiang)	中意
	Heshan(Yayao)	中意
	Dongguan	中意
	Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)	中意
	Yangjiang	中意,歡喜
	Beihai	中意
	Beihai(Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	中意
	Beihai(Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	中意,喜歡
	Fangchenggang(Fangcheng)	中意
	Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)	中意
	Singapore(Guangfu)	中意
	Ho Chi Minh City(Guangfu)	中意
	Móng Cái	中意
Gan	Nanchang	歡喜
Hakka	Meixian	中意,好
	Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)	中意
	Dongguan(Qingxi)	中意
	Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)	中意
	Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)	中意
	Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)	歡喜
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	中意,好
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	中意,好
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	中意,好
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	中意,合意,好
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	中意,好
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	佮意,愛
	Senai(Huiyang)	中意
	Kuching(Hepo)	蘇格
Huizhou	Jixi	喜歡,歡喜
Jin	Taiyuan	喜歡,待見
Northern Min	Jian'ou	愛,喜歡
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	歡喜,中意,愛
Southern Min	Xiamen	歡喜,意愛,愛,佮意,舒合
	Xiamen(Tong'an)	佮意
	Quanzhou	歡喜,意愛,愛,佮意
	Shishi	佮意
	Zhangzhou	歡喜,愛,佮意,意愛
	Tainan	佮意,意愛,愛
	Penang(Hokkien)	舒合,愛
	Singapore(Hokkien)	舒合,愛
	Manila(Hokkien)	愛,佮意,意愛
	Chaozhou	歡喜,愛,喜歡
	Shantou	歡喜
	Shantou(Chaoyang)	好,尚,喜歡
	Jieyang	歡喜,愛,好,尚,喜歡
	Puning	愛,癮₂,尚,喜歡
	Johor Bahru(Teochew)	喜歡
	Singapore(Teochew)	舒合
	Wenchang	歡喜
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)	中意
Waxiang	Guzhang(Gaofeng)	字
Wu	Shanghai	歡喜
	Suzhou	歡喜
	Ningbo	歡喜,看相,中意 dated
	Wenzhou	喜歡
Xiang	Changsha	喜歡
Xiang	Shuangfeng	喜歡

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

Sino-Xenic (字):

→ Japanese:字(じ)(ji)
→ Korean:자(字)(ja)
→ Vietnamese:tự(字)

Others:

→ Proto-Tai:*ɟɤ:ᴮ(“name”)
- Lao:ຊື່(sư̄,“name”)
- Thai:ชื่อ(chʉ̂ʉ,“name”)
- Zhuang:coh(“name”)
→ Vietnamese:chữ(“script; letter; writing; word”),chửa(“to be pregnant”)

References

[edit]

“字”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
李如龙[Li, Ru-long],刘福铸[Liu, Fu-zhu],吴华英[Wu, Hua-ying],黄国城[Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “字”, in莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min),Xiamen University Press,→ISBN, page164.

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 字

字

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Go-on:じ(ji,Jōyō)
Kan-on:し(shi)
Kun:あざ(aza,字,Jōyō)、あざな(azana,字)、うむ(umu)、ます(masu)

Etymology 1

[edit]

Kanji in this term
字
じ Grade: 1
goon

FromMiddle Chinese字 (MC dziH).

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Tokyo)じ[jíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key):[d͡ʑi]

Noun

[edit]

字(じ)• (ji)

letter,character
この字(じ)は何(なん)と読(よ)みますか？
Konoji wa nan to yomimasu ka?
How do you pronounce thischaracter?
handwriting,penmanship
彼(かの)女(じょ)は字(じ)が上手(うま)い（汚(きたな)い）。
Kanojo waji ga umai (kitanai).
She has good (bad)handwriting.

Derived terms

[edit]

Derived terms

永(えい)字(じ)(eiji,“the character永(ei,“eternity”)”)
十(じゅう)字(じ)(jūji,“cross”)
字(じ)解(かい)(jikai)
字(じ)義(ぎ)(jigi,“the meaning of a word”)
字(じ)源(げん)(jigen,“the construction of a character”)
字(じ)体(たい)(jitai,“font or lettering”)
字(じ)典(てん)(jiten,“character dictionary”)
字(じ)母(ぼ)(jibo,“letter (of the alphabet)”)
漢(かん)字(じ)(kanji,“Chinese characters”)
漢(かん)字(じ)返(がえ)し(kanjigaeshi,“kanji repeater”)
文(も)字(じ)(moji,“letter, character, or ideograph”)
字(じ)引(びき)(jibiki,“dictionary”)
数(すう)字(じ)(sūji,“numeral or number”)
字(じ)訳(やく)(jiyaku)
二(に)字(じ)(niji,“twocharacters”)
大(だい)字(じ)(daiji,“a large character”)

Counter

[edit]

字(じ)• (-ji)

letters,characters
４０(よんじゅう)字(じ)以(い)内(ない)で書(か)いてください。
Yonjū-ji inai de kaite kudasai.
Please write it down in 40characters or fewer.

Etymology 2

[edit]

Kanji in this term
字
あざな Grade: 1
kun'yomi

FromOld Japanese. First attested in theNihon Shoki of 720CE.^[3]

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Tokyo)あざな[àzáná] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key):[a̠za̠na̠]

Noun

[edit]

字(あざな)• (azana)

courtesy name
劉(りゅう)備(び)。涿郡(たくぐん)（河(か)北(ほく)省(しょう)）の人(ひと)。字(あざな)は玄徳(げんとく)。[3]
Ryū-bi. Taku-gun (Kahoku-shō) no hito.Azana wa Gentoku.
Liu Bei. Of Zhuo Commandery.Courtesy name Xuande.
nickname
asection of avillage