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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:,,,𠒇,,and
U+5152,兒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5152

[U+5151]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5153]

Translingual

[edit]
Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 10,+6, 8 strokes,cangjie input竹難竹山 (HXHU),four-corner77217,composition)

Derived characters

[edit]

Related characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 125, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1365
  • Dae Jaweon: page 265, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 272, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5152

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
ShangWestern ZhouWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptQin slip scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
j20471
j20472
j20473
j20474
j20475
j20476
j20477
j20478
j20479
j20480
j20481
j20482
j20483
j20484
j20485
j20486
j20487
j20488
j20489
j20490
j20491
j20492
j20493
j20494
j20495
j20496
j20497
j20498
j20499
j20500
j20501
j20502
j20503
j20504
j20505
j20506
j20507
j20508
j20509
j20510
j20511
j20512
j20513
j20514
j20515
j20516
j20517
j20518
j20519

b13458
b13459
b13460
b13461
b13462
b13463
b13464
b13465
b13466
b13467


Transcribed ancient scripts
L30087
L30088
L30089
L30090
L30091
L01143
L01144
L01145
L01146
L01147
L01148
L01149
L01150
L01151
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears'Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the samephonetic series ()(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*rŋeː, *ŋeːʔ
*rŋeː
*ŋeː
*ŋeː, *ŋeː
*ŋeː, *ŋeːs, *ŋeː
*ŋeː
*ŋeː
*ŋeː
*ŋeː
*ŋeː
*ŋeː
*ŋeː
*ŋeː
*ŋeː
*ŋeː, *ŋje
*ŋeː, *ŋeːʔ
*ŋeːʔ, *ŋeːs
*ŋeːʔ
*ŋeːs
*ŋje
*ŋeːd
*ŋeːɡ
*ɦŋeːɡ

Pictogram (象形): an infant with an imperfect cranium (i.e.fontanelle).

Etymology 1

[edit]
trad.
simp.*
alternative forms
𠒇
𫤘

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*m/s-ŋa-j(small; inferior; offspring) (STEDT). Cognate withBurmeseငယ်(ngai,little; young),Jingphoshangai(ʃă³¹ ŋai³¹,to give birth).

According toSchuessler (2007), it may be an area word; compareProto-Mon-Khmer*ŋa(i)k(baby),Proto-Bahnaric*ŋaː(baby),Khmerង៉ា(ngaa,infant; baby). The word is also cognate with (OC*ŋeː, “small and weak”). is the southern dialectal form of (MC nye, “child; son”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note: Pronounced as '-r' in the suffix sense, merging with the previous syllable.
Note:
  • niè - vernacular (often written as);
  • ì - literary.
Note:
  • gni, ng - vernacular;
  • (gh)er - literary;
  • 2gheu (Haining) - older speakers.

Rime
Character
Reading #1/2
Initial () (38)
Final () (11)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()III
Fanqie
Baxternye
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵiᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑjɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵiə̆/
Li
Rong
/ȵie/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑǐe/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ȵʑie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ér
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ji4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
ér
Middle
Chinese
‹ nye ›
Old
Chinese
/*ŋe/
Englishchild

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #2/2
No.2757
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋje/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (now in compounds)child
      ― értóng  ―  child
      ― yīng'ér  ―  infantchild; baby
  2. one's ownchild;son
      ― érsūn  ― child(ren) and grandchild(ren)
      ― qī'ér  ―  wife andchild(ren)
      ― ér yī nǚ  ―  one son and one daughter
  3. (now in compounds) (male)adolescent
      ― jiàn'ér  ―  good athlete
  4. (attributive, of animals)male
      ― ér  ―  male horse
  5. Non-syllabic noun diminutive suffix.
      ― pénr  ―  small basin
    小狗小狗  ― xiǎogǒur  ―  puppy
  6. Suffix after nouns that does not indicate diminutiveness.
      ― wèir  ―  taste
      ― zhīr  ―  juice
    電影电影  ― diànyǐngr  ―  film
  7. Suffix added to some verbs or adjectives to form nouns.
      ― chīr  ―  food; something to eat
      ― liàngr  ―  light
      ― jiānr  ―  tip
      ― duǎnr  ―  fault
  8. Suffix after a limited number of verbs.
      ― wánr  ―  to play
      ― huǒr  ―  to be angry
  9. Suffix after certain nouns that result in a different meaning from the unsuffixed form.
      ― tóur  ―  chief; leader
    白麵白面  ― báimiànr  ―  heroin
    老家老家  ― lǎojiār  ―  one's elders
  10. Suffix after reduplicated adjectives.
    慢慢慢慢  ― mànmānr  ―  slowly
Usage notes
[edit]
  • may be used to specially writeerhua (or the rhotic sound) in traditional Chinese, in contrast with (ér, “child”).
    • 1950,林濤 (Lin Tao),定型化新文字 [Dingshinghua Sin Wenz], 2nd edition,生活·讀書·新知三聯書店:
      有人把拉丁化新文字的方案跟寫法看做神聖不可侵犯的東西,不准有一點儿改變[]
      There are some who believe that the Latinxua Sin Wenz scheme and spelling are sacred things that should not be violated, and that there must not be even the tiniest bit of change []
      r念“儿”只有“”“二”“而”這幾個字[]
      Whenr is read as, the only candidates are "child", "two", and "and" []
  • may be written as a smaller character.
    • 1968,趙元任 (Yuen Ren Chao),語言問題 [Problems in Linguistics],臺灣商務印書館, page83:
      固然平常念一個單字的時候,重音的音節在樂音上也是高一點,不過它不一定老是這個樣子。
      Admittedly, when pronouncing a word, the stressed syllable is, musically speaking, also a bit higher-pitched, but this is not necessarily always the case.
    • 2001,中華人民共和國教育部,國家語言文字工作委員會,第一批異形詞整理表 [The First Series of Standardized Forms of Words with Non-standardized Variant Forms]‎[1], archived fromthe original on3 August 2019, page11:
      红果(红*菓) hóngguǒr
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of兒子 (“son”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Classical Chinese,,男兒
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)兒子,男孩,男孩子
Northeastern MandarinBeijing兒子,小子
Taiwan兒子
Chengde小子
Chifeng兒子,小子
Hulunbuir(Hailar)兒子
Heihe兒子,小子
Qiqihar兒子,小子
Harbin兒子,小子
Jiamusi兒子,小子
Baicheng兒子,小子
Changchun兒子
Tonghua兒子,小子
Shenyang兒子,小子
Jinzhou兒子,小子
Malaysia兒子
Singapore兒子
Jilu MandarinTianjin兒子,小子,少的
Tangshan兒子,小子
Cangzhou兒子,小子
Baoding兒子,小子
Shijiazhuang兒得
Lijin,小廝
Weifang(Weicheng)
Weifang(Fangzi)
Changle
Shouguang
Wulian小兒
Jinan,兒子,小子
Jiaoliao MandarinDalian兒子
Dandong兒子,小子
Yantai小子
Yantai(Muping)兒郎,
Qingdao
Weifang(Hanting)
Changyi
Gaomi
Zhucheng
Anqiu
Linqu
Qingzhou
Central Plains MandarinLuoyang兒子
Lingbao兒子
Jining,兒子
Wanrong,
Linfen
Shangqiu兒得
Yuanyang兒子,小子
Zhengzhou孩兒,小子
Xinyang
Baihe兒子
Xi'an,兒子
Baoji
Tianshui兒子,後人
Xining兒子,娃娃,尕娃
Xuzhou兒子,小子
Fuyang兒子
Sokuluk(Gansu Dungan)兒子,
Lanyin MandarinYinchuan兒子
Lanzhou兒子,後人
Dunhuang娃子
Hami兒子
Ürümqi兒子
Southwestern MandarinChengdu兒子,
Nanchong兒子
Dazhou兒子,娃兒
Hanyuan,兒子
Xichang,兒子,娃娃
Zigong兒子
Chongqing兒子,娃兒,
Wuhan兒子
Yichang兒子,小鬼
Xiangyang兒子
Tianmen兒子
Guiyang兒子,男娃娃,男娃兒
Zunyi娃兒,
Bijie兒子
Liping
Zhaotong兒子
Dali兒子
Kunming兒子,小子
Mengzi兒子
Guilin,兒子
Liuzhou,兒子
Sanjiang(Danzhou)娃崽
Jishou
Changde兒子
Hanzhong兒子
Jianghuai MandarinNanjing兒子
Yangzhou兒子
Lianyungang兒子
Lianshui兒子
Nantong
Anqing兒子
Wuhu兒子
Hefei兒子
Huanggang
Hong'an,兒把子
CantoneseGuangzhou
Hong Kong,阿仔,仔仔
Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)
Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)
Hong Kong(Ting Kok)
Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau)
Macau
Guangzhou(Panyu)
Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)
Guangzhou(Conghua)
Guangzhou(Zengcheng)
Foshan
Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)
Foshan(Shunde)
Foshan(Sanshui)
Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)
Zhongshan(Shiqi)
Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
Zhuhai(Doumen)
Jiangmen(Baisha)
Jiangmen(Xinhui)
Taishan
Kaiping(Chikan)
Enping(Niujiang)
Heshan(Yayao)
Dongguan
Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)
Shenzhen(Dapeng)阿仔
Qingyuan
Fogang
Yingde(Hanguang)
Yangshan
Lianshan(Butian)
Lianzhou(Qingshui; Sihui)
Shaoguan
Shaoguan(Qujiang)
Renhua
Lechang
Zhaoqing(Gaoyao)
Sihui
Guangning
Deqing
Huaiji
Fengkai(Nanfeng)
Yunfu
Xinxing
Luoding
Yunan(Pingtai)
Yangjiang
Xinyi
Maoming(Xinpo)
Lianjiang
Wuchuan(Wuyang),仔兒
Nanning
Wuzhou
Yulin
Hepu(Lianzhou)
Guiping
Mengshan(Xihe)
Guigang(Nanjiang)
Beiliu(Tangliao)
Baise
Bobai
Lingshan
Pubei
Qinzhou
Beihai
Beihai(Nankang)
Beihai(Yingpan)
Beihai(Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
Ningming
Hengzhou
Hezhou(Pumen, Babu)
Fangchenggang(Fangcheng)
Danzhou
Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)
Singapore(Guangfu)
Ho Chi Minh City(Guangfu)
Móng Cái
GanNanchang
Lichuan,
Pingxiang,倈牯,
HakkaMeixian倈仔
Xingning倈哩
Dabu(Xihe)倈兒,
Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)阿仔,
Huizhou(Shuikou; Bendihua)阿仔
Huizhou(Hengli; Bendihua)阿仔
Huiyang倈子
Huidong(Pingshan; Bendihua)阿仔
Huidong(Daling)倈伊
Dongguan(Qingxi)
Longmen(Pingling; Bendihua)
Longmen(Luxi; Bendihua)
Boluo(Bendihua)阿仔
Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)
Guangzhou(Zhengguo, Zengcheng)倈子
Zhongshan(Wuguishan)倈子
Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)倈子
Wuhua(Shuizhai)倈哩
Wuhua(Huacheng)倈哩
Wuhua(Changbu)倈哩
Wuhua(Mianyang)倈哩
Heyuan(Bendihua)阿仔
Zijin(Guzhu; Bendihua)
Longchuan(Tuocheng; Bendihua)
Longchuan(Sidu; Bendihua)
Heping(Linzhai; Bendihua)
Lianping(Zhongxin; Bendihua),阿仔
Lianping(Longjie; Bendihua)
Wengyuan倈子
Shaoguan(Qujiang)倈子
Xinfeng(Matou; Bendihua)阿仔
Xinfeng(Daxi; Bendihua),阿仔
Lianshan(Xiaosanjiang)阿弟
Liannan倈子
Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)
Jiexi
Luhe倈仔
Zhao'an(Xiuzhuan)阿子
Changting倈子,子哩,
Wuping子哩,兒子
Wuping(Yanqian)子哩
Wuping(Pingyu)倈子
Liancheng,倈倈子
Ninghua
Yudu
Ningdu倈子
Ruijin
Shicheng
Shangyou(Shexi),倈兒
Tonggu(Sandu)倈子
Ganzhou(Panlong)
Dayu崽哩
Miaoli(N. Sixian)倈仔
Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)倈仔
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)倈仔
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu),細倈
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)倈仔
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)後生
Hong Kong倈子
Yangxi(Tangkou)
Yangchun(Sanjia)
Xinyi(Sihe),
Xinyi(Qianpai),
Gaozhou(Xindong)
Maoming(Shalang, Dianbai)
Huazhou(Xin'an)
Lianjiang(Shijiao)倈子,
Lianjiang(Qingping)
Mengshan(Xihe)
Luchuan
Luchuan(Daqiao)
Bobai(Shahe)
Beiliu(Tang'an)
Sabah(Bao'an)倈子
Sabah(Longchuan)倈哩
Kuala Lumpur(Dabu)
Senai(Huiyang)倈子
Singkawang倈子
HuizhouJixi兒子
Shexian兒子,伢兒
Huangshan(Tunxi)兒子
Xiuning兒子
Yixian兒子
Qimen兒子
Wuyuan兒子,小倈
Fuliang
Dexing兒子
Shitai(Xianyu)兒子
JinTaiyuan兒子,小子
Pingyao小子
Datong兒子,小子
Xinzhou,小子
Lüliang(Lishi),小子
Changzhi兒得,孩得
Linhe兒子,小子
Jining小子
Hohhot兒子,小子
Erenhot小子
Pingshan小子
Zhangjiakou兒子
Handan兒子,小子
Linzhou孩哦
Suide,小子
Northern MinJian'ou,囝仔
Jian'ou(Dikou)
Songxi
Zhenghe
Zhenghe(Zhenqian)
Jianyang
Jianyang(Huangkeng)
Wuyishan
Pucheng(Shibei)
Eastern MinFuzhou,丈夫囝
Fuzhou(Changle)
Lianjiang
Fuqing
Pingtan
Yongtai
Minqing
Gutian
Pingnan
Luoyuan
Fu'an
Ningde
Xiapu
Zherong
Shouning
Zhouning
Fuding
Matsu
Southern MinXiamen,後生,後的
Xiamen(Tong'an),後生
Quanzhou,後生,囡仔
Jinjiang
Nan'an
Shishi
Hui'an
Anxi
Yongchun
Dehua
Zhangzhou,後生
Zhangzhou(Longhai),後生
Zhangzhou(Changtai)後生
Hua'an後生,
Nanjing後生
Pinghe,後生
Zhangpu,後生
Yunxiao後生,
Zhao'an
Dongshan,後生
Taipei,後生
New Taipei(Sanxia),後生
Kaohsiung,後生
Yilan,後生
Changhua(Lukang),後生
Taichung,後生,後的
Tainan,後生
Hsinchu,後生
Kinmen,後生
Penghu(Magong),後生
Penang(Hokkien),後生
Singapore(Hokkien),後生,後生囝,丈夫囝
Manila(Hokkien),後生
Longyan後生,
Zhangping後生,
Zhangping(Yongfu),後生
Datian
Pingnan(Shangdu)
Chaozhou,逗囝
Shantou,逗囝
Shantou(Chenghai),逗囝
Jieyang,逗囝,,阿孥
Lufeng
Haifeng丈夫囝
Bangkok(Teochew)逗囝
Johor Bahru(Teochew)丈夫囝
Singapore(Teochew),丈夫囝,逗囝
Leizhou
Wenchang,丈夫囝
Haikou,細囝,孧囝
Qionghai
Puxian MinPutian
Xianyou
Central MinYong'an
Sanming(Sanyuan)囝仔
Sanming(Shaxian)囝仔
Shaojiang MinShaowu囝兒
Guangze囝兒
Jiangle
Mingxi
Shunchang
Zhongshan MinZhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)
Zhongshan(Sanxiang)
Southern PinghuaNanning(Tingzi)
Northern PinghuaGuilin(Dahe)
ShehuaFu'an
Fuding
Luoyuan
Sanming
Shunchang
Hua'an
Guixi(Zhangping)
Cangnan
Jingning(Hexi)
Lishui
Longyou
Chaozhou
Fengshun
WuShanghai兒子
Shanghai(Chongming)兒子
Suzhou兒子
Wuxi兒子
Danyang兒子
Hangzhou兒子,伢兒
Ningbo兒子
Wenzhou
Jinhua,兒子
Jinhua(Tangxi)
XiangChangsha崽伢子,,伢子
Xiangtan,崽伢唧
Loudi
Shuangfeng,伢唧
Hengyang
Quanzhou

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
simp. andtrad.
alternative forms
𠒇
𫤘

Pronunciation

[edit]

Rime
Character
Reading #2/2
Initial () (31)
Final () (39)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()IV
Fanqie
Baxterngej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋei/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋei/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋɛi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋɛj/
Li
Rong
/ŋei/
Wang
Li
/ŋiei/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ŋiei/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ngai4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/2
No.2748
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋeː/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. asurname
  2. Alternative form of /𫠜(,teeth grown in old age)
  3. Alternative form of(small and weak)
  4. Alternative form of()

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

[edit]
See also:

(Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji,shinjitai form)

  1. Kyūjitai form of(child;young ofanimals)
  2. Used in personal names.

Readings

[edit]

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromMiddle Chinese (MC nye).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448Recorded asMiddle Koreanᅀᅵᆼ (Yale:?) inDongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527아ᄒᆡ ᅀᆞRecorded asMiddle Koreanᅀᆞ(zo) (Yale:) inHunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575아ᄒᆡ ᄋᆞRecorded asMiddle Koreanᄋᆞ(o) (Yale:o) inGwangju Cheonjamun (光州千字文 / 광주천자문), 1575.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun아이(ai a))

  1. hanja form? of(child)

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromMiddle Chinese (MC ngej).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448Recorded asMiddle Korean (Yale:yey?) inDongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

(eumhun다시(dasi nan i ye))

  1. hanja form? of(used inpersonal names)

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전/電子字典.[3]
  • Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원,Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表,Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 30.[4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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:Hán Việt readings:nhi[1][2][3],nghê[1][4]
:Nôm readings:nhẻ[4]

  1. chữ Hán form ofnhi(child).

References

[edit]
  1. 1.01.1Thiều Chửu (1942).
  2. ^Nguyễn (1974).
  3. ^Trần (1999).
  4. 4.04.1Trần (2004).
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