letter; true; to believe letter; true; to believe; sign; evidence | to make; to cause; to enable to make; to cause; to enable; to use; to employ; messenger | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. andtrad. (信使) | 信 | 使 | |
edit 信使信史 |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 信 | 使 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 息晉切 | 踈吏切 |
| Baxter | sinH | sriH |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siɪnH/ | /ʃɨH/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sinH/ | /ʃɨH/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjenH/ | /ʃieH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sinH/ | /ʂɨH/ |
| Li Rong | /siĕnH/ | /ʃiəH/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭĕnH/ | /ʃĭəH/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯ĕnH/ | /ʂiH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xìn | shì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san3 | si3 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 信 | 使 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xìn | shǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sinH › | ‹ sriH › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-ni[ŋ]-s/ | /*s-rəʔ-s/ |
| English | truthful | envoy |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 信 | 使 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13849 | 11491 |
| Phonetic component | 信 | 史 |
| Rime group | 眞 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 信 | 𩢲 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljins/ | /*srɯs/ |
| Notes | 金文或從人從口， 本指操信符傳言之信使， 故表可信，或從言身聲 | |
信使