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人類

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:人类

Chinese

		man; person; people	kind; type; class kind; type; class; category; similar; like; to resemble
trad.(人類)		人	類
simp.(人类)		人	类

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin):rénlèi
(Zhuyin):ㄖㄣˊ ㄌㄟˋ
Cantonese(Jyutping):jan⁴ leoi⁶
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):ngìn-lui
(Meixian,Guangdong):ngin² lui⁴
Eastern Min(BUC):ìng-lôi
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):jîn-lūi /lîn-lūi
(Teochew,Peng'im):ring⁵ lui⁷ / nang⁵ lui⁷
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁶zen-le;⁶gnin-le

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:rénlèi
  - Zhuyin:ㄖㄣˊ ㄌㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:rénlèi
  - Wade–Giles:jên²-lei⁴
  - Yale:rén-lèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:renley
  - Palladius:жэньлэй(žɛnʹlɛj)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ʐən³⁵ leɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping:jan⁴ leoi⁶
  - Yale:yàhn leuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin:jan⁴ loey⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization:yen⁴ lêu⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/jɐn²¹ lɵy̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:ngìn-lui
  - Hakka Romanization System:ngin^ˇ lui
  - Hagfa Pinyim:ngin² lui⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/ŋin¹¹ lu̯i⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:ngin² lui⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/ŋin¹¹ luɪ⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:ìng-lôi
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/iŋ⁵³⁻²¹^(l-)nˡui²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Zhangzhou,Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:jîn-lūi
  - Tâi-lô:jîn-luī
  - Phofsit Daibuun:jinlui
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/zin²³⁻³³ lui³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou):/d͡zin¹³⁻²² lui²²/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:lîn-lūi
  - Tâi-lô:lîn-luī
  - Phofsit Daibuun:linlui
  - IPA (Xiamen):/lin²⁴⁻²² lui²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou):/lin²⁴⁻²² lui⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei):/lin²⁴⁻¹¹ lui³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:ring⁵ lui⁷ / nang⁵ lui⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:jîng lūi / nâng lūi
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/d͡ziŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lui¹¹/, /naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lui¹¹/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁶zen-le;⁶gnin-le
  - MiniDict:zen^去 le; nyin^去 le
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³zen-le;³nyin-le
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/zən²²le⁴⁴/,/n̠ʲin²² le⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese:nyin lwijH

Rime
Character	人	類
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	如鄰切	力遂切
Baxter	nyin	lwijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪn/	/liuɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵin/	/lʷi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjen/	/ljuɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵin/	/lwi^H/
Li Rong	/ȵiĕn/	/lui^H/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕn/	/lwi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/	/lwi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rén	lèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan⁴	leoi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*ni[ŋ] [r]u[t]-s/
(Zhengzhang):/*njin ruds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	人	類
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rén	lèi
Middle Chinese	‹ nyin ›	‹ lwij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ni[ŋ]/	/*[r]u[t]-s/
English	(other) person	category
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	人	類
Reading #	1/1	2/2
No.	10800	7772
Phonetic component	人	頪
Rime group	眞	隊
Rime subdivision	1	3
Corresponding MC rime	仁	類
Old Chinese	/*njin/	/*ruds/

Noun

人類

(collective)humanity;humans;humankind; thehuman race;hominid
人類前途／人类前途 ― rénlèi qiántú ― the future ofthe human race
人類遺址／人类遗址 ― rénlèi yízhǐ ― hominid site
人類活動導致的氣候變化[MSC,trad.]
人类活动导致的气候变化[MSC,simp.]
rénlèi huódòng dǎozhì de qìhòu biànhuà[Pinyin]
human-induced climate change
關係到人類的生死存亡[MSC,trad.]
关系到人类的生死存亡[MSC,simp.]
guānxì dàorénlèi de shēngsǐcúnwáng[Pinyin]
to concern the survival ofthe human race
圖書館是人類知識的海洋。[MSC,trad.]
图书馆是人类知识的海洋。[MSC,simp.]
Túshūguǎn shìrénlèi zhīshí de hǎiyáng.[Pinyin]
Libraries contain knowledge ofhuman experience as vast as the open sea.
書籍是人類進步的階梯。[MSC,trad.]
书籍是人类进步的阶梯。[MSC,simp.]
Shūjí shìrénlèi jìnbù de jiētī.[Pinyin]
The book is the ladder ofhuman progress.
考古學係一門研究人類文化同歷史嘅學科。[Guangzhou Cantonese,trad.]
考古学系一门研究人类文化同历史嘅学科。[Guangzhou Cantonese,simp.]
haau² gu² hok⁶ hai⁶ jat¹ mun⁴ jin⁴ gau³jan⁴ leoi⁶ man⁴ faa³ tung⁴ lik⁶ si² ge³ hok⁶ fo¹.[Jyutping]
Archaeology is a science that studieshuman cultures and history.

Synonyms

人民 (rénmín)

Derived terms

人類世 /人类世(Rénlèishì)
人類免疫缺陷病毒 /人类免疫缺陷病毒(rénlèi miǎnyì quēxiàn bìngdú)
人類命運共同體 /人类命运共同体(rénlèi mìngyùn gòngtóngtǐ)
人類學 /人类学(rénlèixué)
人類工程學 /人类工程学(rénlèi gōngchéngxué)
人類性 /人类性(rénlèixìng)
人類條件 /人类条件(rénlèi tiáojiàn)
反人類 /反人类
新人類 /新人类(xīnrénlèi)
新新人類 /新新人类(xīnxīnrénlèi)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (人類):

→ Japanese:人類(じんるい)(jinrui)
→ Korean:인류(人類)(illyu)
→ Vietnamese:nhân loại(人類)

See also

人口 (rénkǒu)
人們／人们 (rénmen)
人民 (rénmín)
人士 (rénshì)
人員／人员 (rényuán)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
人	類
じん Grade: 1	るい Grade: 4
kan'on	on'yomi

Alternative spelling
人類(kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo)じんるい[jíꜜǹrùì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key):[d͡ʑĩn̺ɾɯ̟i]

Noun

人(じん)類(るい)• (jinrui)

mankind, thehuman race,humanity
人類(じんるい)の起源(きげん)
jinrui no kigen
the origins ofthe human race

See also

人間(にんげん)(ningen)

References

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al.,Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan,→ISBN.

^Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN
^NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998),NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese),Tokyo:NHK Publishing, Inc.,→ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
人	類

Noun

人類• (illyu) (hangeul인류)

hanja form^? of인류(“human”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
人	類

Noun

人類

chữ Hán form ofnhân loại(“mankind;humanity;human beings”)

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