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كم

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:کمandگم

Arabic

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ArabicWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaar

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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كَمْ (kam)

  1. how many?,how much?(used with accusative noun)
    كَمْ كِتَابًا تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ؟
    kam kitāban turīdu ʔan taštariya?
    How many books do you want to buy?
  2. how many!,how much!(used withمِنْ(min))
    كَمْ مِنْ كُتُبٍ هُنَا!
    kam min kutubin hunā!
    Oh,how many books are here!

Etymology 2

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Artificial formation from the word above.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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كَمّ (kammm

  1. quantity,multitude
    اَلْعِبْرَةُ بِٱلْكَيْفِ لَا بِٱلْكَمِّ
    al-ʕibratu bi-l-kayfi lā bi-l-kammi
    What matters is quality, notquantity.
  2. (physics)quantum
Declension
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Declension of nounكَمّ (kamm)
singularbasic singulartriptote
indefinitedefiniteconstruct
informalكَمّ
kamm
الْكَمّ
al-kamm
كَمّ
kamm
nominativeكَمٌّ
kammun
الْكَمُّ
al-kammu
كَمُّ
kammu
accusativeكَمًّا
kamman
الْكَمَّ
al-kamma
كَمَّ
kamma
genitiveكَمٍّ
kammin
الْكَمِّ
al-kammi
كَمِّ
kammi

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ـكُمْ (-kumpl (enclitic form ofأَنْتُم(ʔantum))

  1. you,your(masculine plural)(bound object pronoun)
    السَّلامُ عَلَيْكُمْas-salāmu ʕalaykumpeace be uponyou

Etymology 4

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Compareب ك م(b k m).

Verb

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كَمَّ (kamma)I (non-pastيَكُمُّ(yakummu),verbal nounكَمّ(kamm))

  1. tocover up, toclose up byenveloping, tomuzzle
Conjugation
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Conjugation ofكَمَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u, full passive(?), verbal nounكَمّ)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
كَمّ
kamm
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
كَامّ
kāmm
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
مَكْمُوم
makmūm
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
mكَمَمْتُ
kamamtu
كَمَمْتَ
kamamta
كَمَّ
kamma
كَمَمْتُمَا
kamamtumā
كَمَّا
kammā
كَمَمْنَا
kamamnā
كَمَمْتُمْ
kamamtum
كَمُّوا
kammū
fكَمَمْتِ
kamamti
كَمَّتْ
kammat
كَمَّتَا
kammatā
كَمَمْتُنَّ
kamamtunna
كَمَمْنَ
kamamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
mأَكُمُّ
ʔakummu
تَكُمُّ
takummu
يَكُمُّ
yakummu
تَكُمَّانِ
takummāni
يَكُمَّانِ
yakummāni
نَكُمُّ
nakummu
تَكُمُّونَ
takummūna
يَكُمُّونَ
yakummūna
fتَكُمِّينَ
takummīna
تَكُمُّ
takummu
تَكُمَّانِ
takummāni
تَكْمُمْنَ
takmumna
يَكْمُمْنَ
yakmumna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
mأَكُمَّ
ʔakumma
تَكُمَّ
takumma
يَكُمَّ
yakumma
تَكُمَّا
takummā
يَكُمَّا
yakummā
نَكُمَّ
nakumma
تَكُمُّوا
takummū
يَكُمُّوا
yakummū
fتَكُمِّي
takummī
تَكُمَّ
takumma
تَكُمَّا
takummā
تَكْمُمْنَ
takmumna
يَكْمُمْنَ
yakmumna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
mأَكُمَّ,أَكُمِّ,أَكْمُمْ
ʔakumma,ʔakummi,ʔakmum
تَكُمَّ,تَكُمِّ,تَكْمُمْ
takumma,takummi,takmum
يَكُمَّ,يَكُمِّ,يَكْمُمْ
yakumma,yakummi,yakmum
تَكُمَّا
takummā
يَكُمَّا
yakummā
نَكُمَّ,نَكُمِّ,نَكْمُمْ
nakumma,nakummi,nakmum
تَكُمُّوا
takummū
يَكُمُّوا
yakummū
fتَكُمِّي
takummī
تَكُمَّ,تَكُمِّ,تَكْمُمْ
takumma,takummi,takmum
تَكُمَّا
takummā
تَكْمُمْنَ
takmumna
يَكْمُمْنَ
yakmumna
imperative
الْأَمْر
mكُمَّ,كُمِّ,اُكْمُمْ
kumma,kummi,ukmum
كُمَّا
kummā
كُمُّوا
kummū
fكُمِّي
kummī
اُكْمُمْنَ
ukmumna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
mكُمِمْتُ
kumimtu
كُمِمْتَ
kumimta
كُمَّ
kumma
كُمِمْتُمَا
kumimtumā
كُمَّا
kummā
كُمِمْنَا
kumimnā
كُمِمْتُمْ
kumimtum
كُمُّوا
kummū
fكُمِمْتِ
kumimti
كُمَّتْ
kummat
كُمَّتَا
kummatā
كُمِمْتُنَّ
kumimtunna
كُمِمْنَ
kumimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
mأُكَمُّ
ʔukammu
تُكَمُّ
tukammu
يُكَمُّ
yukammu
تُكَمَّانِ
tukammāni
يُكَمَّانِ
yukammāni
نُكَمُّ
nukammu
تُكَمُّونَ
tukammūna
يُكَمُّونَ
yukammūna
fتُكَمِّينَ
tukammīna
تُكَمُّ
tukammu
تُكَمَّانِ
tukammāni
تُكْمَمْنَ
tukmamna
يُكْمَمْنَ
yukmamna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
mأُكَمَّ
ʔukamma
تُكَمَّ
tukamma
يُكَمَّ
yukamma
تُكَمَّا
tukammā
يُكَمَّا
yukammā
نُكَمَّ
nukamma
تُكَمُّوا
tukammū
يُكَمُّوا
yukammū
fتُكَمِّي
tukammī
تُكَمَّ
tukamma
تُكَمَّا
tukammā
تُكْمَمْنَ
tukmamna
يُكْمَمْنَ
yukmamna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
mأُكَمَّ,أُكَمِّ,أُكْمَمْ
ʔukamma,ʔukammi,ʔukmam
تُكَمَّ,تُكَمِّ,تُكْمَمْ
tukamma,tukammi,tukmam
يُكَمَّ,يُكَمِّ,يُكْمَمْ
yukamma,yukammi,yukmam
تُكَمَّا
tukammā
يُكَمَّا
yukammā
نُكَمَّ,نُكَمِّ,نُكْمَمْ
nukamma,nukammi,nukmam
تُكَمُّوا
tukammū
يُكَمُّوا
yukammū
fتُكَمِّي
tukammī
تُكَمَّ,تُكَمِّ,تُكْمَمْ
tukamma,tukammi,tukmam
تُكَمَّا
tukammā
تُكْمَمْنَ
tukmamna
يُكْمَمْنَ
yukmamna
Derived terms
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Noun

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كِمّ (kimmm (pluralأَكْمَام(ʔakmām)orأَكِمَّة(ʔakimma)orكِمَام(kimām)orأَكَامِيم(ʔakāmīm))

  1. calyx of aflower, theenvelope orspathe of apalm-tree or the like
Declension
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Declension of nounكِمّ (kimm)
singularbasic singulartriptote
indefinitedefiniteconstruct
informalكِمّ
kimm
الْكِمّ
al-kimm
كِمّ
kimm
nominativeكِمٌّ
kimmun
الْكِمُّ
al-kimmu
كِمُّ
kimmu
accusativeكِمًّا
kimman
الْكِمَّ
al-kimma
كِمَّ
kimma
genitiveكِمٍّ
kimmin
الْكِمِّ
al-kimmi
كِمِّ
kimmi
dualindefinitedefiniteconstruct
informalكِمَّيْن
kimmayn
الْكِمَّيْن
al-kimmayn
كِمَّيْ
kimmay
nominativeكِمَّانِ
kimmāni
الْكِمَّانِ
al-kimmāni
كِمَّا
kimmā
accusativeكِمَّيْنِ
kimmayni
الْكِمَّيْنِ
al-kimmayni
كِمَّيْ
kimmay
genitiveكِمَّيْنِ
kimmayni
الْكِمَّيْنِ
al-kimmayni
كِمَّيْ
kimmay
pluralbasicbroken pluraltriptote‎;
broken pluraltriptote inـَة(-a)‎;
basicbroken pluraldiptote
indefinitedefiniteconstruct
informalأَكْمَام‎;أَكِمَّة‎;كِمَام‎;أَكَامِيم
ʔakmām‎;ʔakimma‎;kimām‎;ʔakāmīm
الْأَكْمَام‎;الْأَكِمَّة‎;الْكِمَام‎;الْأَكَامِيم
al-ʔakmām‎;al-ʔakimma‎;al-kimām‎;al-ʔakāmīm
أَكْمَام‎;أَكِمَّة‎;كِمَام‎;أَكَامِيم
ʔakmām‎;ʔakimmat‎;kimām‎;ʔakāmīm
nominativeأَكْمَامٌ‎;أَكِمَّةٌ‎;كِمَامٌ‎;أَكَامِيمُ
ʔakmāmun‎;ʔakimmatun‎;kimāmun‎;ʔakāmīmu
الْأَكْمَامُ‎;الْأَكِمَّةُ‎;الْكِمَامُ‎;الْأَكَامِيمُ
al-ʔakmāmu‎;al-ʔakimmatu‎;al-kimāmu‎;al-ʔakāmīmu
أَكْمَامُ‎;أَكِمَّةُ‎;كِمَامُ‎;أَكَامِيمُ
ʔakmāmu‎;ʔakimmatu‎;kimāmu‎;ʔakāmīmu
accusativeأَكْمَامًا‎;أَكِمَّةً‎;كِمَامًا‎;أَكَامِيمَ
ʔakmāman‎;ʔakimmatan‎;kimāman‎;ʔakāmīma
الْأَكْمَامَ‎;الْأَكِمَّةَ‎;الْكِمَامَ‎;الْأَكَامِيمَ
al-ʔakmāma‎;al-ʔakimmata‎;al-kimāma‎;al-ʔakāmīma
أَكْمَامَ‎;أَكِمَّةَ‎;كِمَامَ‎;أَكَامِيمَ
ʔakmāma‎;ʔakimmata‎;kimāma‎;ʔakāmīma
genitiveأَكْمَامٍ‎;أَكِمَّةٍ‎;كِمَامٍ‎;أَكَامِيمَ
ʔakmāmin‎;ʔakimmatin‎;kimāmin‎;ʔakāmīma
الْأَكْمَامِ‎;الْأَكِمَّةِ‎;الْكِمَامِ‎;الْأَكَامِيمِ
al-ʔakmāmi‎;al-ʔakimmati‎;al-kimāmi‎;al-ʔakāmīmi
أَكْمَامِ‎;أَكِمَّةِ‎;كِمَامِ‎;أَكَامِيمِ
ʔakmāmi‎;ʔakimmati‎;kimāmi‎;ʔakāmīmi
Descendants
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  • Ottoman Turkish:كم(kimm,calyx of a flower)
  • Persian:کما(kamâ, kemâ, komâ,mace, the envelope of nutmeg)

Noun

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كُمّ (kummm (pluralأَكْمَام(ʔakmām)orكِمَمَة(kimama))

  1. sleeve of agarment
Declension
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Declension of nounكُمّ (kumm)
singularbasic singulartriptote
indefinitedefiniteconstruct
informalكُمّ
kumm
الْكُمّ
al-kumm
كُمّ
kumm
nominativeكُمٌّ
kummun
الْكُمُّ
al-kummu
كُمُّ
kummu
accusativeكُمًّا
kumman
الْكُمَّ
al-kumma
كُمَّ
kumma
genitiveكُمٍّ
kummin
الْكُمِّ
al-kummi
كُمِّ
kummi
dualindefinitedefiniteconstruct
informalكُمَّيْن
kummayn
الْكُمَّيْن
al-kummayn
كُمَّيْ
kummay
nominativeكُمَّانِ
kummāni
الْكُمَّانِ
al-kummāni
كُمَّا
kummā
accusativeكُمَّيْنِ
kummayni
الْكُمَّيْنِ
al-kummayni
كُمَّيْ
kummay
genitiveكُمَّيْنِ
kummayni
الْكُمَّيْنِ
al-kummayni
كُمَّيْ
kummay
pluralbasicbroken pluraltriptote‎;
broken pluraltriptote inـَة(-a)
indefinitedefiniteconstruct
informalأَكْمَام‎;كِمَمَة
ʔakmām‎;kimama
الْأَكْمَام‎;الْكِمَمَة
al-ʔakmām‎;al-kimama
أَكْمَام‎;كِمَمَة
ʔakmām‎;kimamat
nominativeأَكْمَامٌ‎;كِمَمَةٌ
ʔakmāmun‎;kimamatun
الْأَكْمَامُ‎;الْكِمَمَةُ
al-ʔakmāmu‎;al-kimamatu
أَكْمَامُ‎;كِمَمَةُ
ʔakmāmu‎;kimamatu
accusativeأَكْمَامًا‎;كِمَمَةً
ʔakmāman‎;kimamatan
الْأَكْمَامَ‎;الْكِمَمَةَ
al-ʔakmāma‎;al-kimamata
أَكْمَامَ‎;كِمَمَةَ
ʔakmāma‎;kimamata
genitiveأَكْمَامٍ‎;كِمَمَةٍ
ʔakmāmin‎;kimamatin
الْأَكْمَامِ‎;الْكِمَمَةِ
al-ʔakmāmi‎;al-kimamati
أَكْمَامِ‎;كِمَمَةِ
ʔakmāmi‎;kimamati
Descendants
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Hijazi Arabic

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Etymology

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FromArabicكَمْ(kam).

Determiner

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كم (kam, kamm)

  1. how many
  2. a few

Usage notes

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  • كم(kam) is always followed by a singular noun.

Karakhanid

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Etymology

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FromProto-Turkic*kem(who). Cognate withOld Turkic𐰚𐰢(kem,who, whoever),Turkishkim(who, whoever).

Pronoun

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كم (kim)

  1. (interrogative)who

Moroccan Arabic

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Etymology

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FromArabicكُمّ(kumm).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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كم (kummm (pluralكمام(kmām))

  1. sleeve(part of a garment that covers the arm)

Old Anatolian Turkish

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromProto-Turkic*kem. The relation withكه(ki), a Persian borrowing, is uncertain, as they are mostly interchangeable in most senses.

Alternative forms

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Conjunction

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كم (kim)

  1. that
    Synonym:كه(ki)
    كوردیكم اولمشgördikim ölmişshe sawthat he died
  2. because,for
    Synonyms:چون(çün),چونكه(çünki)
    • 14th Century,Avni,(Please provide the book title or journal name):
      كسمزم اغیار جوری ایله جاناندن امید
      كم كسلمز ﺧﻮﻒ شیطان ایله ایماندن امید
      kesilmez eġyār cevri ile cānāndan ümīd
      kim kesilmez ḫevf-i şeyṭān ıla īmāndan ümīd
      I do not lose hope in my beloved (God) because of the interpretations of others
      Because one cannot lose hope in faith because of the fear of the Devil
  3. so that,in order to
    Synonyms:دیو(dẹyü),كه(ki)

Pronoun

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كم (kim) (accusativeكمی(kimi),pluralكملر(kimler))

  1. (interrogative)who
    كم بلورkim bilür?who knows?
  2. (relative)who
    Synonym:كه(ki)
    اولكم سورolkim sẹverhewho loves
    • 14th Century, anonymous author,Dresden manuscript: Kitāb-ı Dedem Ḳorḳud Alā Lisān-ı Tāife-i Oġuzān:
      انككم اوغلی قزی اولمیه تكری تعالى انیقرغایپدر، بز دخی قارغرز دیمش
      anuŋkim oġlı qızı olmaya taŋrı te'ālā anı qarġayupdur, biz daḫı qarġaruz dẹmiş.
      He said "Hewho doesn't have a daughter or son, God Almighty hascursed him, we toocurse him."
  3. no one,nobody
    Synonym:كمسنه(kimesne)
  4. some
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Further reading

[edit]
  • Kanar, Mehmet (2018) “kim”, inEski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page424
  • “kim”, inXIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları;212)‎[2] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu,1963–1977
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kim”, inNişanyan Sözlük

Etymology 2

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كم

Uncertain. Only seen in Anatolian Turkish.[1] Maidhof, Frisk and quoting him Nişanyan suggest a borrowing fromAncient Greekκημός(kēmós).[2] Tietze points out the phonetic difficulties of a such derivation.[3] Sevortyan connects withكمورمك(kemürmek,to chew)[4] Eren and Benveniste connect withMongolian[script needed](cağucai)[5]

Noun

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كم (gem) (definite accusativeكمی(gemi),pluralكملر(gemler))

  1. bit, a piece ofmetal placed in ahorse's mouth and connected to thereins to direct the animal
    Synonym:آغیزلق(aġızlıq)
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Further reading

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  • Kanar, Mehmet (2018)Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page278

Etymology 3

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Borrowed fromClassical Persianگم(gum)

Adjective

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كم (güm)

  1. lost,missing
    Synonyms:یاوو(yavu),غایب(ġāyib)
Derived terms
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Further reading

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  • Kanar, Mehmet (2018)Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, pages316-317

Etymology 4

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Borrowed fromClassical Persianکم.

Adjective

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كم (kem)

  1. few,little
    Synonym:آز(az)
  2. bad
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Further reading

[edit]
  • Kanar, Mehmet (2018)Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page425
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kem”, inNişanyan Sözlük

References

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  1. ^Räsänen, Martti (1969)Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page149
  2. ^Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “gem”, inNişanyan Sözlük
  3. ^Tietze, Andreas (2002, 2009) “gem”, inTarihi ve Etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi Lügati [Historical and Etymological Dictionary of Turkish] (in Turkish), volume III, Istanbul, Vienna, page186
  4. ^Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), Moscow,1974–, pages18-19
  5. ^Eren, Hasan (1999) “كم”, inTürk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language]‎[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi

Ottoman Turkish

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كم

Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Anatolian Turkishكم(gem,bit); see there for more.

Noun

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كم (gem) (definite accusativeكمی(gemi),pluralكملر(gemler))

  1. bit, a piece ofmetal placed in ahorse's mouth and connected to thereins to direct the animal
    Synonym:لكام(ligam)
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Further reading

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click to expand

Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromArabicكِمّ(kimm,calyx of a flower).

Noun

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كم (kimm) (definite accusativeكمی(kimmi),pluralكمام(kimâm)orاكمام(ekmâm))

  1. (botany)calyx, the outermostwhorl offlower parts, which covers and protects thepetals as they develop
Descendants
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Further reading

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click to expand

South Levantine Arabic

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Etymology 1

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Alternative forms

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ـكو(-ku)

Suffix

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ـكم (-kompl

  1. Enclitic form ofإنتو(ʔintu)
  2. you,your(plural)
See also
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South Levantine Arabic enclitic pronouns
SingularPlural
after consonantafter vowel
1st personafter verbـني(-ni)ـنا(-na)
elseـِي(-i)ـي(-y)
2nd personmـَك(-ak)ـك(-k)ـكُم(-kom) /ـكو(-ku)
fـِك(-ek)ـكي(-ki)
3rd personmـُه(-o)ـه(-h)ـهُم(-hom)
fـها(-ha)

Etymology 2

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FromArabicكَمْ(kam).

Alternative forms

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Determiner

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كم (kam, kamm)

  1. how many(+من)
    كممرّةسمعت:شوممكنالواحديعملبالأردن؟
    kam marra smeʕt: šu mumken il-wāḥad yaʕmel bil-ʔurdun?
    How many times did you hear: What can someone do in Jordan?
  2. a few,some,several(+من)
    Synonym:بعض(baʕḍ)
    خلّينانلتقيبالقدسبعدكميوم.
    ḵallīna niltaʔi bil-ʔuds baʕdkam yōm.
    Let's meet in Jerusalem aftera few days.
  3. how long(+إلـ)
    كمإلهابتتعلّمعربي؟
    kam ʔilha btitʕallam ʕarabi?
    How long has she been learning Arabic?
Usage notes
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  • كم(kam) is always followed by a singular noun.
Related terms
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