Movatterモバイル変換

Jump to content

же

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:жэandAppendix:Variations of "ze"

Old Church Slavonic

Etymology

FromProto-Slavic*že, fromProto-Balto-Slavic*ge, fromProto-Indo-European*ǵʰi.

Conjunction

же• (že)

and
- from theVita Constantini:
  егдаже и роди мати...
  egdaže i rodi mati...
  And when his mother bore him...
- from theVita Methodii:
  по сихъже вьсѣхъ ...
  po sixŭže vĭsěxŭ ...
  And after all these ...
but
however
- from theVita Constantini:
  отрочеже не рачи се ѥти тꙋждь съсьць никакоже, развѣ по матерꙿнꙇи, донꙿдеже ѡтьдоѥнь бꙑсть.
  However, until the child was weaned he would not take any other breast but his mother’s.
then
- from theVita Constantini:
  оньже рече: вѣрꙋ ми ими, жено
  onĭže reče: věru mi imi, ženo
  Then he said: “Believe me, wife, I place my hope in God.
after
- from theVita Methodii:
  сътворьже въ томь кнѧжии лѣта многа
  sŭtvorĭže vŭ tomĭ knęžii lěta mnoga
  After spending many years in that principality
as
- from theHomily against the Bogumils, 329:
  о крьстѣже господьни ...
  o krĭstěže gospodĭni ...
  As for the Lord's cross ...

References

Old Church Slavonic: An Elementary Grammar by S. C. Gardiner, Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Old East Slavic

Etymology

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*že. Cognates includeOld Church Slavonicже(že) andOld Polishże.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʑɛ/→/ʑɛ/→/ʑɛ/

(ca. 9^th CE)IPA^(key): /ʑɛ/
(ca. 11^th CE)IPA^(key): /ʑɛ/
(ca. 13^th CE)IPA^(key): /ʑɛ/

Hyphenation:же

Conjunction

же (že)

and,but
- 1076,Sviatoslav's izbornik‎^[1], page 3:
  рекоуже· оуꙁда коневи правитель ѥсть и въꙁдьржаниѥ·
  rekuže· uzda konevi pravitelĭ jestĭ i vŭzdĭržanije·
  But I say: A bridle is a leader to a horse and a restriction.
- c.1425,Hypatian Codex‎^[2], page 7:
  Сеже соуть и҆мена кнѧ̀ꙁемь кие҆вьскыⷨ кнѧжившиⷨ в кие҆вѣ.
  Seže sutĭ imena knę̀zemĭ kijevĭskyⷨ knęživšiⷨ v kijevě.
  And these are the names of the Kievan princes who ruled in Kiev.

Synonyms

а(a)

Descendants

Old Ruthenian:же(že)
- Belarusian:жа(ža)
- Carpathian Rusyn:же(že)
- Ukrainian:же(že),ж(ž)
Russian:же(že),ж(ž)

References

Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893), “же”, inМатеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[3] (in Russian), volume 1(А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences,column847

Pannonian Rusyn

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈʒɛ]
Rhymes:-ɛ
Hyphenation:же

Etymology 1

Inherited fromOld Slovakže, fromProto-Slavic*že.

Alternative forms

ж'(ž') —apocopic form

Conjunction

же (že)

to(indicates intention)
рихта шеже пойдзе до валалу ―rixta šeže pojdze do valalu ―he is getting readyto go to the village
that(connecting conjunction)
прешвечени сомже придзе ―prešvečeni somže pridze ―I'm surethat he will come
так ше од шерца шмеялже му слизи вдерели на очи ―tak še od šerca šmejalže mu slizi vdereli na oči ―he laughed so sincerelythat tears came to his eyes
блїскало и гирмело также ше хижа тресла ―bljiskalo i hirmelo takže še xiža tresla ―lightning flashed and thunder so loudthat the house shook
- 2025 January 10,О. Планчак Сакач, “Шветo виход зоз рутини”, inРуске Слово‎^[4]:
  На початку зме ище єдного календарского року и весело зме дочекали його приход. Нє знаме цо нам принєше, окремеже знамеже войни, хтори ше преляли и до того року, кельо ґод су далєко, охабяю пошлїдки и на нас шицких.
  Na počatku zme išče jednoho kalendarskoho roku i veselo zme dočekali joho prixod. Nje zname co nam prinješe, okremeže znameže vojni, xtori še preljali i do toho roku, kelʹo god su daljeko, oxabjaju pošljidki i na nas šickix.
  We are at the beginning of one more calendar year and we cheerfully awaited its arrival. We don't know what it will bring us, exceptthat we knowthat the wars that have spilled over into this year, however far away they are, are leaving their effects on all of us.
that(in attributive sentences)
тельо сом писмениже можем и сам написац єдну молбу ―telʹo som pismeniže možem i sam napisac jednu molbu ―I am so literatethat I can write a request myself
that(in interrogative causal sentences)
цо циже ши цихо? ―co ciže ši cixo? ―what's the matter with you being silent? (literally, “what's with youthat you are quiet?”)
that(causal)
гнїва шеже му робота нє идзе ―hnjiva šeže mu robota nje idze ―he is angrythat his job is not going well
if(conditional)
Synonym:кед(ked)
же надумаш присц, яв ми ―že nadumaš prisc, jav mi ―if you decide to come, let me know

Derived terms

conjunctions

же би(že bi)
нє же(nje že)
прето же(preto že)

particles

же но(že no)

Adverb

же (že)

apparently,allegedly
Synonym:нїби(njibi)
нє може присц боже є завжати ―nje može prisc bože je zavžati ―he can't come today because he'sallegedly busy

Particle

же (že)

question-forming interrogative particle
Synonyms:лєм(ljem),чи(či)
кедиже уж раз придзе? ―kediže už raz pridze? ―when will he comethen?

References

Medʹeši, H.;Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “же”, inRamač, Ju., editor,Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad:Faculty of Philosophy
Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022), “that”, inАнґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad:Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka,→ISBN, page326

Etymology 2

Probably from an earlier*зє(*zje). See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

же (že)

third-person singular future indicative ofжесц(žesc)

Russian

Etymology 1

Inherited fromOld East Slavicже(že), fromProto-Slavic*že, fromProto-Balto-Slavic*ge, fromProto-Indo-European*ǵʰi. Cognate withCzechže,Ancient Greekγε(ge),Sanskritहि(hi),Ukrainianж(ž).

Alternative forms

ж(ž) —senses 3–5

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ʐɨ](nearly always unstressed)
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-ɛ

Conjunction

же• (že)

(contrasting)and,but
on the other hand,whereas,as for,as to
Он—америка́нец, она́же ру́сская.
On—amerikánec, onáže rússkaja.
He’s an American; she,on the other hand, is Russian.

Particle

же• (že)

Emphasises identity:very,same
тако́йже (са́мый) ―takójže (sámyj) ―the same, similar
Я купи́л таку́юже кни́гу. ―Ja kupíl takújuže knígu. ―I boughtthe same book.
тотже (са́мый) ―totže (sámyj) ―the same, identical
Он всё тотже! ―On vsjo totže! ―He's alwaysthe same!
Э́то то́же са́мое. ―Éto tóže sámoje. ―It'sthe same thing.
With expressions of time and order: emphasises promptitude:very,right,immediately, withoutdelay
На пе́рвойже страни́це была́ оши́бка. ―Na pérvojže straníce bylá ošíbka. ―Right on the first page there was a mistake.
На сле́дующийже день рабо́та была́ гото́ва. ―Na slédujuščijže denʹ rabóta bylá gotóva. ―Thevery next day the work was finished.
Прекрати́те сейча́сже! ―Prekratíte sejčásže! ―Stopimmediately!
После у́жина она́ сра́зуже легла́ спать. ―Posle úžina oná srázuže leglá spatʹ. ―After dinner she wentstraight to bed.
Marks an objection by pointing to the rationale behind said objection:after all,but
Почему́ вы не понима́ете? Этоже ру́сский! ―Počemú vy ne ponimájete? Etože rússkij! ―Why don't you understand?After all, it’s Russian!
-Я не знал, что за́втра экза́мен. -Яже тебе́ сказа́л! ―-Ja ne znal, što závtra ekzámen. -Jaže tebé skazál! ―-I didn't know the exam was tomorrow. -But I told you!
Especially in questions: expresses consequence of or reaction to what was said before:then,so
Что ж? ―Što ž? ―Whatthen?
Что ж! ―Što ž! ―Wellthen!
Когда́же? ―Kogdáže? ―Whenthen?
Гдеже э́то? ―Gdeže éto? ―Where is itthen?
Ну чтоже? ―Nu štože? ―What of it,then?
Ну и чтож? ―Nu i štož? ―Well, what of it? /So what?
Чтож из э́того? ―Štož iz étovo? ―So what of it?
Чтож, он сам э́то сде́лает! ―Štož, on sam éto sdélajet! ―Why, he'll just do it himself!
In questions and imperatives: imparts a note of insistence and urgency:ever,on earth,for goodness' sake
Чтоже ему́ де́лать? ―Štože jemú délatʹ? ―Whaton earth can he do?
Говори́теже! ―Govoríteže! ―Aren’t you going to say anything!
Отвеча́йтеже! ―Otvečájteže! ―Answer methen!
Пойдёмже! ―Pojdjómže! ―So come along!

Descendants

→ Ingrian:že
→ Kildin Sami:шэ(še,topic particle)

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

жэ(žɛ)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ʐɛ]

Noun

же• (že) n inan (indeclinable)

zhe:The name of theCyrillic-script letterЖ.
gee:The name of theLatin-script letterG.
Synonym:гэ(gɛ)

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=же&oldid=86631309"

Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp