FromProto-Hellenic*génos. Cognate withLatingenus,Sanskritजनस्(jánas),Old Armenianծին(cin), among others; see alsoγίγνομαι(gígnomai,“to be born”).

γένος• (génos) n (genitiveγένεοςorγένους);third declension

1. race,stock,kin
   • 800BCE – 600BCE,Homer,Iliad13.354:

     ἀμφοτέροισιν ὁμὸνγένος ἠδ᾽ ἴα πάτρη

     amphotéroisin homòngénos ēd’ ía pátrē

     (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

   1. directdescent, as opposed tocollateralrelationship
      • 4th century BC,Isaeus,Ciron33:

        γένος γὰρ ἀλλ᾽ οὐχὶ συγγένεια τοῦτ᾽ ἐστίν

        génos gàr all’ oukhì sungéneia toût’ estín

        (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

2. offspring,descendant
   • 800BCE – 600BCE,Homer,Iliad6.180:

     ἣ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἔην θεῖονγένος οὐδ᾽ ἀνθρώπων

     hḕ d’ ár’ éēn theîongénos oud’ anthrṓpōn

     (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

   1. (collective)offspring,posterity
      • 460BCE – 395BCE,Thucydides,History of the Peloponnesian War1.126.11:

        ἐκεῖνοί τε ἐκαλοῦντο καὶ τὸγένος τὸ ἀπ᾽ ἐκείνων

        ekeînoí te ekaloûnto kaì tògénos tò ap’ ekeínōn

        (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

3. (in general)race ofbeings
   • 800BCE – 600BCE,Homer,Iliad12.23:

     ἡμιθέωνγένος ἀνδρῶν

     hēmithéōngénos andrôn

     (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

   1. (the family as considered over time):clan,house,dynasty,lineage.
      • 460BCE – 420BCE,Herodotus,Histories1.35.1:

        Φρὺξ μὲν γενεῇ,γένεος δὲ τοῦ βασιληΐου

        Phrùx mèn geneēî,géneos dè toû basilēḯou

        (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

   2. tribe,nation,race, as asubdivision ofἔθνος(éthnos)
      • 460BCE – 420BCE,Herodotus,Histories1.56.1
   3. caste
      • 460BCE – 420BCE,Herodotus,Histories2.164.1:

        ἔστι δὲ Αἰγυπτίων ἑπτὰγένεα

        ésti dè Aiguptíōn heptàgénea

        The Egyptians are divided into sevenclasses

   4. breed ofanimals
      • 460BCE – 420BCE,Herodotus,Histories4.29
4. age,generation,time oflife
   • 800BCE – 600BCE,Homer,Iliad3.215:

     γένει ὕστερος

     génei hústeros

     (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

5. sex,gender
   • 385BCE – 380BCE,Plato,Symposium189d
   1. (grammar)grammaticalgender
6. class,sort,kind
   • 430BCE – 354BCE,Xenophon,Cynegeticus3.1:

     Τὰ δὲγένη τῶν κυνῶν διττά

     Tà dègénē tôn kunôn dittá

     The hounds used are of twokinds

   1. (logic) theopposite ofεἶδος(eîdos,“species”)
      • 384BCE – 322BCE,Aristotle,Metaphysics1059β.36:

        τὰγένη δ᾽ εἰς εἴδη πλείω καὶ διαφέροντα διαιρεῖται

        tàgénē d’ eis eídē pleíō kaì diaphéronta diaireîtai

        (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

   2. (taxonomy)class
      • 384BCE – 322BCE,Aristotle,History of Animals1.6.490b.7
      1. (taxonomy)genus
         • 384BCE – 322BCE,Aristotle,History of Animals1.1.487b.17:

           τὸ τῶν καρκίνωνγένος

           tò tôn karkínōngénos

           (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

      2. species ofplant;crop,produce;material
         • 371BCE – 287BCE,Theophrastus,Enquiry into Plants 4.8.13
         • PTeb. 66.43:

           ἄλλοιςγένεσι τοῖς πρὸς πυρὸν διοικουμένοις

           álloisgénesi toîs pròs puròn dioikouménois

           (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

   3. element
      • 360BCE,Plato,Timaeus54b

• → Aramaic:גניסא,גנסא
• Greek:γένος(génos)

• “γένος”, inLiddell & Scott (1940),A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “γένος”, inLiddell & Scott (1889),An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• γένος inBailly, Anatole (1935),Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• γένος inCunliffe, Richard J. (1924),A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published1963
• Bauer lexicon
• G1085 inStrong, James (1979),Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

FromAncient Greekγένος(génos). Also seeγίγνομαι(gígnomai,“I am born”).

• IPA^(key): /ʝenos/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation:γέ‧νος

γένος• (génos) n (pluralγένη)

1. family
2. nation
3. (taxonomy, biology)genus
4. (grammar)gender (masculine,feminine, etc)
5. maiden name,née

   Η Ελένη Παπαδοπούλου,το γένος Μενεγάκη.

   I Eléni Papadopoúlou,to génos Menegáki.

   Eleni Papadopoulounée Menegaki.

• Γένος (βιολογία) on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia^el

• Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
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