þē
- romanization of𐌸𐌴
FromOld Englishþē(“the; he”), a late variant ofsē, theþ- from the oblique stem replacing the earliers-, which occurred in the nominative singular masculine and feminine only.
- (stressed)IPA(key): /θeː/,/ðeː/
- (unstressed)IPA(key): /ðɛ/,/ði/,/ð/[1][2]
- (after/t/,/d/, especially early)IPA(key): /teː/,/tɛ/
þe
- the[3]
1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor,Lanfranc's "Science of cirurgie."[1], London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original byLanfranc of Milan, published1894,→ISBN, page63:Ne take noon hede to brynge togidereþe parties ofþe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon inþe wyntir, & v. inþe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidereþe brynkis eiþerþe disiuncture afterþe techynge þat schal be seid inþe chapitle of algebra.- Don't bring the two pieces of the bone that is broken or dislocated together until 8 days have passed if it's winter or 5 days if it's summer; otherwise it will make pus and be sicker from swelling. After the time has passed bring together the pieces or the dislocation according to the teaching that shall be said in the chapter entitled Algebra.
- 1431, A rem' that William Baker,Pewtrer, & John Hetheman [made] the first day of May, þeȝere ofkynge herryþe vje, afterþeconquest xe. — Henry Littlehales (editor),The Medieval Records of a London City Church, page 26.
FromOld Englishþē(“you, thee”), accusative and dative form ofþū.
- the,þee,thee,ðe,þi,thi,þy,thy,thie,þeo,te,þhe,de,thei,yhe,ye
þe (nominativeþou)
- Second-person singular pronoun indicating a grammatical object:thee,you.[4]
c.1395,John Wycliffe,John Purvey [et al.], transl.,Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)[2], publishedc.1410,Apocalips 10:11,folio 120, verso, column 2; republished asWycliffe's translation of the New Testament,Lichfield: Bill Endres,2010:⁊ he seıde to me / ıt bıhoueþþee eftſoone to hecıe to heþene men .· /⁊ to puplıs /⁊ langagıs /⁊ to manye kyngıs- Then he said to me: "It's necessary foryou to prophesy again to pagans, people, languages, and many kings".
Middle English personal pronouns | | nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | possessive |
|---|
| singular | 1st person | I,ich,ik | me | min
mi1 | min |
|---|
| 2nd person | þou | þe | þin
þi1 | þin |
|---|
| 3rd person | m | he | him
hine2 | him | his | his
hisen |
|---|
| f | sche,heo | hire
heo | hire | hire
hires,hiren |
|---|
| n | hit | hit
him2 | his,hit | — |
|---|
| dual3 | 1st person | wit | unk | unker |
|---|
| 2nd person | ȝit | inc | inker |
|---|
| plural | 1st person | we | us,ous | oure | oure
oures,ouren |
|---|
| 2nd person4 | ye | yow | your | your
youres,youren |
|---|
| 3rd person | inh. | he | hem
he2 | hem | here | here
heres,heren |
|---|
| bor. | þei | þem,þeim | þeir | þeir
þeires,þeiren |
|---|
1 Used preconsonantally or before
h.
2 Early or dialectal.
3Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third person dual forms in Middle English.
4 Sometimes used as a formal 2nd person singular.
þe
- alternative form ofþei(“they”)
þe
- alternative form oftheen[1]
- ↑1.01.11.2Brink, Daniel (1992), “Variation between <þ-> and <t-> in theOrmulum”, in Irmengard Rauch, Gerald F. Carr and Robert L. Kyes, editors,On Germanic Linguistics: Issues and Methods (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs;68),De Gruyter Mouton,→DOI,→ISBN, pages21-35.
- ↑2.02.1Thurber, Beverly A. (15 February 2011), “Voicing of Initial Interdental Fricatives in Early Middle English Function Words”, inJournal of Germanic Linguistics, volume23, number 1,Cambridge University Press,→DOI, pages65-81.
- ^“thẹ̄̆,def. art.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
- ^“the,pron.(2).”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved5 May 2018.
FromProto-Germanic*þa, fromProto-Indo-European*tó.
þe (indeclinable, relative)
- that,who,which
- Ne fyrhteð þaþe on synnum lyfiað. ―Do not fear thosewho live in sin. (Ælfwine's Prayerbook)
10th century,The Wanderer:sōhte seledrēoriġ · sinces bryttan,
hwǣr iċ feor oþþe nēah · findan meahte
þoneþe in meoduhealle · mīne wisse- sought hall-sad a giver of treasure,
where I far or near could find
who in a mead-hall would know my men
FromProto-Germanic*þiz.
þē
- accusative/dative ofþū:thee,to you
- Originally only dative/instrumental. The Anglian dialects retained the inherited accusative form,þec.
From earliersē, through influence of theþ- forms.
þē m
- (demonstrative)the,he: late variant ofse
þe
- or (correlated tohwæþer)
- late 10th century,Ælfric,"The Seven Sleepers"
...ac mē tōdæġ swā wundorlīce is ġelumpen þæt ic þurh nān þincg ne mæġ ġecnāwan hwæðer þys sȳ Ephesa byriġþe elles ǣniġ ōþer;...- But to-day it has befallen me so wonderfully that I cannot by any means recognise whether this be the city of the Ephesiansor else any other.
