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't

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "t"

English

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Pronunciation

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Audio(US): (file)

Pronoun

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(archaic or eye dialect)Contraction ofit.
- 1610–1611 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act II, scene i],page 6, column 2:
  He could notmiſſe't.
- 1613 (date written),William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act II, scene iv],page217, column 1:
  Then marke th’inducement. Thus it came; giue heede too’t:
- 1892, W[illiam] G[eorge] Thorpe, “Early Life and School Days”, inThe Still Life of the Middle Temple with Some of Its Table Talk Preceded by Fifty Years’ Reminiscences, London:Richard Bentley and Son […],page 3:
  There are few names to which a jingle or a joke cannot be fitted—witness, Twining, banker and tea-dealer: / ‘Twining would be whining / Were’t not for his tea;’ / and the ex-Lord Mayor, Sir John Key, where the inherent rhyme to ‘donkey’ verjuiced the baronetcy.
(eye dialect)Contraction ofthat.
- 2006 February 3,Graham Linehan,The IT Crowd, season 1, episode 2:
  What was all that about?
  Well, like all women, she'sshoe-mad.
  't’s a bit sexist, isn't it?
  Do you know one woman who isn't obsessed with shoes?
  No, but I only know one woman. And she just left the room shouting "THE SHOES!"

Derived terms

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Afrikaans

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Verb

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(uncommon)contraction ofhet

Pronoun

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(uncommon)contraction ofdit

Catalan

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Pronoun

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contraction ofte

Usage notes

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't is the reduced (reduïda) form of the pronoun. It is used after verbs ending with avowel.
Fixa't. ―Take note.

Declension

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Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
			strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
			strong/subject	proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic	possessive
singular	1st person	standard	jo,mi³	em,m’	-me,’m	em,m’	-me,’m	meu
	1st person	majestic¹	nós	ens	-nos,’ns	ens	-nos,’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	tu	et,t’	-te,’t	et,t’	-te,’t	teu
		formal¹	vós	us	-vos,-us	us	-vos,-us	vostre
		very formal²	vostè	el,l’	-lo,’l	li	-li	seu
	3rd person	m	ell	el,l’	-lo,’l	li	-li	seu
		f	ella	la,l’⁴	-la	li	-li	seu
		n		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
plural
	1st person		nosaltres	ens	-nos,’ns	ens	-nos,’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	vosaltres	us	-vos,-us	us	-vos,-us	vostre
	2nd person	formal²	vostès	els	-los,’ls	els	-los,’ls	seu
	3rd person	m	ells	els	-los,’ls	els	-los,’ls	seu
	3rd person	f	elles	les	-les	els	-los,’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive			si	es,s’	-se,’s	es,s’	-se,’s	seu
adverbial	ablative/genitive			en,n’	-ne,’n
adverbial	locative			hi	-hi

¹ Behaves grammatically as plural. ² Behaves grammatically as third person.
³ Only as object of a preposition. ⁴ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ət/,/t/
Audio: (file)

Article

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contraction ofhet(“the”)
Dan houdt 't verhaal op. ―Thenthe story ends.
Waar in 't veld staat hij? ―Where onthe pitch is he?
Wat ga je in 't weekend doen? ―What are you up to this weekend?
Also used in names:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (Nobel laureate in chemistry)

Pronoun

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contraction ofhet(“it”)
't Is al laat. ―It's late already.
Kan je 't goed zien? ―Can you seeit well?

Usage notes

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Common in spoken Dutch. Other than in names, "het" is usually written in full in written Dutch.

't is never capitalised, even before a proper noun or at the start of sentences. Instead, the following word is capitalised, as in 't Kan beter. (It could be better.)

Declension

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Dutch personal pronouns

	subject		object		possessive			reflexive	genitive⁵
singular	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	pred.
1st person	ik	'k¹	mij	me	mijn	m'n¹	mijne	me	mijner,mijns
2nd person	jij	je	jou	je	jouw	je	jouwe	je	jouwer,jouws
2nd person archaic orregiolectal	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u	uwer,uws
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u,zich⁷	uwer,uws
3rd person masculine	hij	ie¹	hem	'm¹	zijn	z'n¹	zijne	zich	zijner,zijns
3rd person feminine	zij	ze	haar	h'r¹,'r¹,d'r¹	haar	h'r¹,'r¹,d'r¹	hare	zich	harer,haars
3rd person neuter	het	't¹	het	't¹	zijn	z'n¹	zijne	zich	zijner,zijns
3rd person gender-neutral⁸	hen	–	hen	–	hun	–	hunne	zich	hunner,huns
plural
1st person	wij	we	ons	–	ons,onze²	–	onze	ons	onzer,onzes
2nd person	jullie	je	jullie	je	jullie	je	–	je	–
2nd person archaic orregiolectal⁶	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u	uwer,uws
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u,zich⁷	uwer,uws
3rd person	zij	ze	hen³,hun⁴	ze	hun	–	hunne	zich	hunner,huns
¹⁾ Not as common in written language. ²⁾ Inflected as anadjective. ³⁾ Inprescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). ⁴⁾ Inprescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). ⁵⁾ Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. ⁶⁾ To differentiate from the singulargij,gelle (object formelle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms aregijlieden andgijlui ("you people").				⁷⁾Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronounu, e.g.Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronounu is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g.U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Onlyu can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g.Meld u aan! 'Log in!', whereu is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, bothu andzich are equally possible, e.g.U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.' ⁸⁾ Not officially recognized in standard Dutch. It has gained popularity, especially in mainstream media and queer circles, as a respectful term fornon-binary individuals.

Ilocano

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IPA^(key): /t/ [t]

Article

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Contraction ofti.
- 2017, Diocese of Baguio, “Misa a Sangkagimongan [The Order of Mass]”, inAweng Rambak: Hymnal of the Diocese of Baguio (overall work in English, Tagalog, Ilocano, and Kankanaey), Baguio: Diocese of Baguio, page xlvi:
  Amami ng adda't sadi langit
  Our father in heaven

Limburgish

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ət/
- IPA^(key): /‿t/(enclitic after a vowel)

Etymology 1

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Contraction ofhet.

Article

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't n

the,it

Pronoun

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't n

Reduced form ofhet(“it”)

Declension

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Limburgish (Southeast) personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	reflexive
1st person singular		ich	'ch	mich	m'ch	mir	m'r	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		doe	de	dich	d'ch	dir	d'r	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		duur	'r	uch	uch[əç]	uch	uch[əç]	like dat. and acc.
3rd person singular	m	heë deë	e de	dem	d'm	hem dem	'm	zich
	f	zie het	ze 't
	n	det	't
1st person plural		vir	v'r	ós	—	ós	—	like dat. and acc.
2nd person plural		duur	'r	uch	uch[əç]	uch	uch[əç]	like dat. and acc.
3rd person plural		zie die	ze	hön	—	hönnen	—	zich

Etymology 2

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Contraction ofhet, itself derived fromdet.

Pronoun

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't f

Reduced form ofhet(“she”)

Declension

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Limburgish (Southeast) personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	reflexive
1st person singular		ich	'ch	mich	m'ch	mir	m'r	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		doe	de	dich	d'ch	dir	d'r	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		duur	'r	uch	uch[əç]	uch	uch[əç]	like dat. and acc.
3rd person singular	m	heë deë	e de	dem	d'm	hem dem	'm	zich
	f	zie het	ze 't
	n	det	't
1st person plural		vir	v'r	ós	—	ós	—	like dat. and acc.
2nd person plural		duur	'r	uch	uch[əç]	uch	uch[əç]	like dat. and acc.
3rd person plural		zie die	ze	hön	—	hönnen	—	zich

Luxembourgish

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /t/

Pronoun

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alternative form ofet

Usage notes

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Chiefly used before and after vowels, but never obligatory.

Declension

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Luxembourgish personal pronouns
				nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
				stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	reflexive
singular	1st person			ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
	2nd person	informal		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
	2nd person	formal		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech[əɕ]	Iech	Iech[əɕ]	Iech
	3rd person		m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
			f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
			n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
plural	1st person			mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
	2nd person			dir	der	iech	iech[əɕ]	iech	iech[əɕ]	iech
	3rd person			si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

North Frisian

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Pronoun

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(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring, Sylt)Reduced form ofhat(“it”,subject)
(Föhr-Amrum)Reduced form ofhat(“she”,subject)
(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring)Reduced form ofham(“it”,object)
(Föhr-Amrum)Reduced form ofham(“her”,object)
(Sylt)Reduced form ofhöm(“it”,object)

Usage notes

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The form't isenclitic after a verb or conjunction, unlikeat,et, which are unstressed, but can occur in all positions.

Alternative forms

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(it):at(Föhr-Amrum),et(Mooring, Sylt)
(she; her):'s(Mooring, Sylt)

Personal and possessive pronouns (Föhr-Amrum dialect)
			personal				possessive
			subject case		object case		masculine referent	feminine / neuter referent	plural referent
			full	reduced	full	reduced	masculine referent	feminine / neuter referent	attributive	independent
singular	1st		ik	'k	mi		man	min		minen
	2nd		dü	–	di		dan	din		dinen
	3rd	m	hi	'r	ham	'n	san	sin		sinen
	3rd	f or n	hat	at,'t	ham	at,'t	san	sin		sinen
plural	1st		wi	'f	üs		üüs			üüsen
	1st		wi	'f	üs		üsens
	2nd		jam	'm	jam		jau			jauen
	2nd		jam	'm	jam		jamens
	3rd		jo	's	jo	's	hör			hören
	3rd		jo	's	jo	's	hörens

The reduced forms with an apostrophe areenclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions.Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. Inreflexive use, only full object forms occur.
Dual formswat / onk andjat / jonk are obsolete, as is femininejü / hör.
Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.
The formsüsens,jamens,hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation.

Personal and possessive pronouns (Mooring dialect)
			personal				possessive
			subject case		object case		masculine referent	feminine / neuter / plural referent
			full	reduced	full	reduced	masculine referent	feminine / neuter / plural referent
singular	1st		ik	'k	me		man	min
	2nd		dü	–	de		dan	din
	3rd	m	hi	'r	ham	'n	san	sin
		f	jü	's	har	's	harn	har
		n	hat	et,'t	ham	et,'t	san	sin
plural	1st		we		üs		üüsen	üüs
	2nd		jam	'm	jam		jarnge
	3rd		ja	's	ja,jam	's	jare

The reduced forms with an apostrophe areenclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions.Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject formhat is now rarely used. Inreflexive use, only full object forms occur.
Dual formswat / unk andjat / junk are obsolete. Attributive and independent possessives are not distinguished in Mooring.

Personal and possessive pronouns (Sylt dialect)
			personal				possessive
			subject case		object case		singular referent	plural referent
			full	reduced	full	reduced	singular referent	attributive	independent
singular	1st		ik	'k	mi		min		minen
	2nd		dü	–	di		din		dinen
	3rd	m	hi	'r	höm	'n	sin		sinen
		f	jü	's	höör	's	höör		höören
		n	hat	et,'t	höm	et,'t	sin		sinen

dual	1st		wat		unk		unk		unken
	2nd		at		junk		junk		junken
	3rd		jat		jam	's	jaar		jaaren

plural	1st		wü		üüs		üüs		üüsen
	2nd		i		juu		juu		juuen
	3rd		ja	's	jam	's	jaar		jaaren

The reduced forms with an apostrophe areenclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions.Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject formhat is now rarely used. Inreflexive use, only full object forms occur.
The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects.
Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.