Contraction ofwould orhad.

• IPA^(key): /d/
• (US)IPA^(key): /d/,[d],[d̚]

• Audio(US):

  (file)

• Audio(US):

  (file)

'd (clitic)

1. Contraction ofhad, as anauxiliary verb.

   He’d done his best, but it hadn't been enough.

   You’d seen it before anyone else had.

   I’d better not.

   They baby’d been crying all night.

   • 1861, George Eliot, chapterVI, inSilas Marner:

     p’rhaps you didn’t say the cow was a red Durham; and p’rhaps you didn’t say she’d got a star on her brow

2. Contraction ofhad, as amain verb, but not aphrasal verb.

   I'd no reason to doubt him.

   • 1920, Agatha Christie, chapterII, inThe Mysterious Affair at Styles:

     “He’s a dear little man,” said Cynthia. “I’d no idea you knew him.”

   • 1963 Peter, Paul and Mary, "Polly Von":

     She'd her apron wrapped about her and he took her for a swan.

   • 1974, Stanley Middleton,Holiday:

     She’d two advantages over him: she’d more fire and a complete conviction she was in the right.

3. Contraction ofwould orshould.

   Synonym:'ld

   I’d like to help, but I have no time.

   John’d prefer not to go out tonight.

   If I knew his name, I'd tell you.

4. (colloquial)Contraction ofdid.

   Hey,where’d everybody go?Why’d they take off?

   Why the hell'd you do that?

• Usually a representation of informal speech, either quoted dialogue or as used in informal writing.
• Most frequently used with pronouns (I'd,he'd,she'd etc.), but potentially with almost any everyday noun, as well as with personal names.
• Compare-'d.

• ’ll
• ’m
• ’re
• ’s (third person)
• ’ve

• d'

• d'

'd

1. apocopic form ofad(“of”)

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