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| Company type | Public |
|---|---|
| NYSE: ZIM | |
| Industry | Shipping |
| Founded | Haifa,Mandatory Palestine June 7, 1945; 79 years ago (June 7, 1945) |
| Headquarters | , |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | Eli Glickman (CEO) Yair Seroussi (Chairman) |
| Services | Container shipping, Refrigerated Cargo, Logistics |
| Revenue |  US$ $10.73 billion(2021) |
| US$ $4.65 Billion(2021) | |
| Parent | Kenon Holdings |
| Website | Official website |
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Zim Integrated Shipping Services Ltd., commonly known asZIM (Hebrew:צים,tsim; a biblical word meaning "a fleet of ships", Numbers 24:24), is apublicly heldIsraeli internationalcargo shipping company, and one of the top 20 global carriers.[1] The company's headquarters are inHaifa,Israel; Founded in 1945, ZIM has traded on the New York Stock Exchange since 2021.[2][3][4] From 1948 to 2004, it traded as ZIM Israel Navigation Company.
ZIM was founded on June 7, 1945, as the ZIM Palestine Navigation Company Ltd, by theJewish Agency, the Israel Maritime League and theHistadrut (General Federation of Laborers in the Land of Israel).[2] The first ship was purchased in partnership with Harris and Dixon (based inLondon) in 1947. This vessel was refurbished, renamed SSKedma, and sailed to the future state of Israel in the summer of 1947.[5] After the State of Israel was established in 1948, the company was renamed ZIM Israel Navigation Company Ltd.[6] During its first years, its main task was transporting hundreds of thousands of immigrants to the emerging state.[5] Some of the other ships that had been used forclandestine immigration before the establishment of Israel as a state were confiscated by theBritish Mandate authorities and later joined the company's fleet. The company continued to purchase more ships, among them were SSNegba, SSArtza and SSGalila.[7]
During1947–1949 Palestine war, the company was the sole maritime connection with the State of Israel, supplying food, freight and military equipment.
In 1953, some of the money from thereparations agreement between Israel andWest Germany was allocated to the purchase and construction of new ships. TheSS Bergensfjord, renamedJerusalem, sailed the Israel-New York route,[8] Another ship purchased with reparations money was the SS Theodor Herzl .[9]
The company took delivery of its first new vessels, the 9800 ton passenger-cargo liners SSIsrael and SSZion - later known asSS Dolphin IV, in 1955 and 1956, respectively.
1957 saw the delivery of two more new ocean liners, the 10,000 ton sister ships SSJerusalem and SSTheodor Herzl, followed by the more modest, 7,800 ton SSMoledet in 1961, which featured an all-Tourist Class layout, targeted principally to American tourists looking for affordable transportation to the Holy Land.
ZIM was invited in 1957 by the Government ofGhana to assist the setting up and management of a national shipping line. Black Star Line was formed with a 40% participation by ZIM and principally operated cargo services from West Africa.[7] A similar joint venture - Burma Five Star Line - was made with theBurmese Government in 1959.[7]
In 1950s and 1960s, ZIM concentrated on passenger ships, alongside a constant expansion of the cargo shipping business. Passenger liners were a common means of international transport before the emergence of cheap air transport, and pleasure cruises were also popular. ZIM sailed theMediterranean Sea, as well as having regular routes to theUnited States. Some of its ships cruised to theCaribbean during the winter. 1964 saw the completion of the 25,000 tonocean linerSS Shalom, which turned out to be a failure, marking the end of the ZIM passenger shipping era.[10]
Due to rising airline competition and the market failure of the expensive newShalom, passenger services were gradually phased out between 1966-1969, as ZIM refocused on cargo shipping.Jerusalem was chartered out to British-based P&O Cruises in 1966 to become theirMiami, then sold entirely in 1968. The sistersIsrael andZion were both sold in 1966, while the expensive, newShalom was retired and sold in 1967.Theodor Herzl andMoledet completed ZIM's final transatlantic passenger sailings during 1969 and were sold off, marking the end of the company's passenger division.
During the 1960s, ZIM started to turn its focus to cargo ships, and obtained several special-purpose vessels, including refrigerated ships and oil tankers. ZIM transported crude oil fromIran to Israel and oil byproducts from Israel to Europe.[citation needed]
In the 1970s, ZIM expanded into thecontainer shipping business. ZIM ordered six such ships, and gradually made this its main line of business.
In 1981, one of the company's ships,Mezada, was lost at sea. Zim went through a lull in maritime shipping at the beginning of the 1980s.[citation needed]
Zim built 15 more ships inGermany in the 1990s. At this time, the ownership of ZIM was divided between the Israeli government andIsrael Corporation.[11]
In 2004, theIsrael Corporation (which is controlled by theOfer Brothers Group) purchased 49% of ZIM's shares held by the Israeli government, becoming the sole owner of the company.[11] The new official name after privatization became ZIM Integrated Shipping Services. The purchase deal for about five hundred millionNew Israeli Shekels was severely criticized by the press[12] and theState Comptroller of Israel[13] as being undervalued and becoming just anotherflag of convenience company. In 2007, ZIM sold its maritime logistics and forwarding services subsidiary NewLog to UTi Worldwide.[14]
In 2008, ZIM planned to launch an initial public offering and selling 25% of its shares on theHong Kong Stock Exchange, but due to the onset of the global economic crisis it was called off.[15] In 2009, ZIM required a cash injection of $450 million by the Ofer family anddebt restructuring following the world's container shipping downturn.[16]
In 2010, ZIM regained profitability and in early 2011 ZIM renewed its plans for a flotation on theHong Kong Stock Exchange, but again had to postpone it due to the economic downturn and the drop in container shipping rates.[17]
In 2014, unloading of a ZIM ship at thePort of Oakland was delayed by anti-Israel protesters. Longshoremen declined to load the ship out of safety concerns, taking no position on the underlying dispute,[18] but unloaded the ship after their safety was assured.[19] Other protests inLos Angeles[20][21][22][23] andTacoma, Washington[24] failed to stop the unloading of cargo from ZIM ships. A second demonstration bypassed Oakland for Los Angeles when longshoremen, not participating in the protest, refused to unload the ship after being physically threatened and their vehicles blocked when they tried to report for work.[25] Protesters' claim they impacted ZIM's shipping schedule was denied by the company, and the local Jewish Community Council denounced the "hateful" rhetoric of the demonstrators.[26]
In July 2014, by which time the company was almost wholly owned by Israel Corporation, ZIM was restructured with 68% of the group's shares owned by its creditors and bondholders, and 32% retained by Israel Corporation, and starting early 2015 byKenon Holdings, a spin-off company of Israel Corporation.[27] In mid-to-late 2015, plans to revive aninitial public offering were implemented. ZIM debuted on theNew York Stock Exchange in January 2021, with the backing ofCitigroup,Goldman Sachs, andBarclays.[3]
In March 2021, Zim reported the biggest profit in its 75-year history.[28]
In December 2023 the Malaysian Government rescinded its permit for Zim to use their ports, responding to "Israel's actions that ignore basic humanitarian principles and violate international law" in the2023 Israel-Hamas war.[29]
| Ship class | Built | Capacity (TEU) | Ships in class | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023–onwards | 5,300 | 8 | Long-term charter from Navios Maritime Partners[31] | |
| 2023–onwards | 5,500 | 6 | To be built by HJ Shipbuilding & Construction. Long-term charter from MPC Capital AG[32] |
| Name | Built | Years with Zim Lines | Yard Built | Statistics | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SSKedma | 1926 | 1947-1952 | Vickers Shipbuilding Ltd, Barrow-in-Furness, UK | 3,504 GRT | Scrapped 1957 in England |
 | SSNegbah | 1915 | 1948-1956 | Royal Schelde, Vlissingen, Netherlands | 5,544 GRT | Scrapped 1957 in Italy |
 | SSJerusalem (I) | 1913 | 1953-1959 | Cammell Laird & Co., atBirkenhead, UK | 10,699 gton | Sold to Italy for scrapping in August 1959, arriving atLa Spezia 13 August 1959 |
.jpg) | SSGalilah | 1915 | 1948-1952 | Harlan and Hollingsworth (Bethlehem Steel) ship yards at Wilmington, DE, USA | 3,899 GRT | Scrapped in 1953 in Italy |
| SSArtsa | 1930 | 1949-1963 | Vegesack, Germany | Scrapped in Haifa Israel | ||
.jpg) | SSIsrael | 1955 | 1955-1966 | Deutsche Werft, Hamburg, Germany | Deutsche Werft, Hamburg, Germany | Scrapped in 1974 as theAngra do Heroismo in Taiwan |
 | SSZion | 1956 | 1956-1966 | Deutsche Werft, Hamburg, Germany | Deutsche Werft, Hamburg, Germany | Scrapped in 2003 asDolphin IV |
 | SSJerusalem (II) | 1957 | 1957-1968 | Deutsche Werft, Hamburg, Germany | 9800 ton | Sank on way to breakers yards in Taiwan on October 3, 1979 |
.jpg) | SSTheodor Herzl | 1957 | 1957-1969 | Deutsche Werft, Hamburg, Germany | 9800 ton | In 1991 whilst being refitted at Piraeus sadly she caught fire and she sunk, pieces raised and scrapped. |
| SSMoledet | 1961 | 1961-1969 | A&C de BretagneNantes, France | 7,811 GRT | ||
| SS Shalom | 1964 | 1964 -1968 | Chantiers de l'Atlantique,St Nazaire,France | 25,320GRT | Sunk outsideCape St. Francis, 26 July 2001 |