| Zheng Jing 鄭經 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Prince of Yanping | |||||||||||||
| Reign | 29 June 1662 – 17 March 1681 | ||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Koxinga | ||||||||||||
| Successor | Zheng Kezang (as regent) | ||||||||||||
| Born | (1642-10-25)25 October 1642[1] Fujian,Ming dynasty[3] | ||||||||||||
| Died | 17 March 1681(1681-03-17) (aged 38)[2] Chengtian Prefecture,Kingdom of Tungning | ||||||||||||
| Burial | |||||||||||||
| Spouse | Tang, Princess Wen of Chao | ||||||||||||
| Issue | Zheng Kezang,Zheng Keshuang, six other sons and six daughters | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| House | Koxinga | ||||||||||||
| Dynasty | Tungning | ||||||||||||
| Father | Koxinga, Prince of Yanping | ||||||||||||
| Mother | Dong You, Princess of Yanping | ||||||||||||
| Zheng Jing | |
| Hàn-jī | 鄭經 |
|---|---|
| Pe̍h-ōe-jī | Tēⁿ Keng |
| Tâi-lô | Tēnn King |
| Pen name | |
| Hàn-jī | 式天 |
| Pe̍h-ōe-jī | Sek-thian |
| Tâi-lô | Sik-thian |
| Courtesy name | |
| Hàn-jī | 賢之 / 元之 |
| Pe̍h-ōe-jī | Hiân-chi / Goân-chi |
| Tâi-lô | Hiân-tsi / Guân-tsi |
Zheng Jing, Prince of Yanping (Chinese:鄭經;Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Tēⁿ Keng; 25 October 1642 – 17 March 1681),courtesy namesXianzhi (Chinese:賢之;Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Hiân-chi) andYuanzhi (Chinese:元之;Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Goân-chi),pseudonymShitian (Chinese:式天;Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Sek-thian), was initially aSouthern Ming military general who later became the second ruler of theTungning Kingdom ofTaiwan by succeeding his fatherKoxinga's hereditary title of "Prince of Yanping", reigned as a dynastic monarch of the kingdom from 1662 to 1681.
Born on 25 October 1642, he was the eldest son ofKoxinga (Zheng Chenggong) and a grandson of the pirate-merchantZheng Zhilong. After theconquest of Fort Zeelandia in 1662 by his father, Zheng Jing controlled the military forces inAmoy andQuemoy on his father's behalf, but the friction between him and his father was later provoked by a domestic dispute, as he secretly had anincestuous relationship with his brother'swet nurse, with whom he had a newborn son (Zheng Kezang), despite having been married. Koxinga was ashamed and resentful by his son's behaviour and ordered Jing's execution, but his order was never implemented due to the opposition by Amoy's forces, and Koxinga's sudden death ofmalaria in June 1662. Upon the death of his father six months later, Zheng Jing contested throne as the King ofTungning with his uncle, Zheng Shixi. The civil war was end in Zheng Jing's victory after he successfully quelled the hostile forces of his uncle in Taiwan and captured Fort Zeelandia. This was followed by Zheng Shixi withdrawing his claim and his surrender to theQing dynasty next year.
With both the vast armed merchant fleet and the throne of Tungning, he intended to continue his father's former plan to invadeLuzon which wasunder Spanish rule; however, he was forced to abandon this venture when faced the immediate threat of a Manchu-Dutch alliance. His defeat of a combined Qing-Dutch fleet commanded by Han Banner General Ma Degong in 1664 resulted in ending the brief alliance. Ma Degong was killed in the battle by Zheng's fleet,[clarification needed] but the islands of Amoy and Quemoy fell to the Qing forces, forcing him to withdraw all his troops and resources to Taiwan.
The Dutch looted relics and killed monks after attacking a Buddhist complex at Putuoshan on the Zhoushan islands in 1665 during their war against Zheng Jing's fleet.[4]
Zheng Jing's navy executed thirty four Dutch sailors and drowned eight Dutch sailors after looting, ambushing and sinking the Dutch fluyt ship Cuylenburg in 1672 on northeastern Taiwan. Only twenty one Dutch sailors escaped to Japan. The ship was going from Nagasaki to Batavia on a trade mission.[5]
During his 19-year reign, he tried to provide sufficiently for the local inhabitants and reorganized military forces in Taiwan. He frequently exchanged ambassadors with theKangxi Emperor from the mainland. Although he continued to fight for the cause his father died for, he had largely abandoned any pretense of restoring theMing dynasty by the time he invadedFujian in 1676. Zheng's forces land inSiming at the behest ofGeng Jingzhong, who had joined theRevolt of the Three Feudatories, following the lead ofWu Sangui.[6] He occupied key cities in the province for a year before losing them back to the Manchus by the end of 1677. Invading Fujian once more, he led a force of 30,000 men to captureHaicheng as well as taking the provincial commander prisoner.
In 1680, Zheng Jing was forced to abandonAmoy,Quemoy andTang-soaⁿ after losing a major naval battle to ChineseQing admiralShi Lang. Driven offChina proper by the Manchus, he retreated to modern-day Tainan where he died on 17 March 1681. Zheng named as his successor his oldest son,Zheng Kezang; however, Zheng Kezang was quickly toppled in favor ofZheng Keshuang.
Parents
Consorts and issues
Zheng Jing Born: 25 October 1642 Died: 17 March 1681 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Prince of Yanping 29 June 1662 – 17 March 1681 | Succeeded by |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Ruler of theKingdom of Tungning 27 November 1662 – 17 March 1681 | Succeeded by |
| International | |
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| National | |
| Other | |
