Zhangye 张掖市 | |
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 Lavender and afterglow in Zhangye | |
.png) Location of Zhangye City jurisdiction in Gansu | |
  Zhangye Location of the city center in Gansu Show map of Gansu Zhangye Zhangye (China) Show map of China | |
| Coordinates (Zhangye municipal government):38°55′29″N100°27′00″E / 38.9248°N 100.4499°E /38.9248; 100.4499 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Gansu |
| Municipal seat | Ganzhou District |
| Area | |
• Total | 42,000 km2 (16,000 sq mi) |
| Population (2010)[1] | |
• Total | 1,199,515 |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Total | CN¥ 37.4 billion US$ 6.0 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 30,704 US$ 4,930 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 734000 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-GS-07 |
| Website | www |
| Zhangye | |||||||||
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 TheDafo Temple, site of the largestreclining Buddha in China. | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 張掖 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 张掖 | ||||||||
| Postal | Changyeh | ||||||||
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| Former names | |||||||||
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| Ganzhou | |||||||||
| Chinese | 甘州 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Sweet [Spring(s)]Prefecture | ||||||||
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Zhangye (simplified Chinese:张掖;traditional Chinese:張掖;pinyin:Zhāngyè),formerlyromanized asChangyeh or known asKanchow, is aprefecture-level city in centralGansuProvince in thePeople's Republic of China. It bordersInner Mongolia on the north andQinghai on the south. Its centraldistrict isGanzhou, formerly a city of theWestern Xia and one of the most important outposts of western China.
The city was formerly also known asGanzhou, named after the sweet waters (Chinese:甘泉;pinyin:Gānquán) of itsoasis. An alternative theory states that "Gan" was from the Ganjun Hill (绀峻山) near the city. The name ofprovince came from a contraction of Ganzhou and Suzhou (modernJiuquan). The name appears inMarco Polo'sTravels under the nameCampichu.[3]
ZhangyeCommandery was established byWestern Han in 111 BC, with the seat at the site of modernWuwei, Gansu. Etymology of Zhangye is unclear. A popular theory interprets the name Zhangye as "Extending Arm", excerpted from a phrase "to extend the arm of the country through to theWestern Realm" (张国臂掖，以通西域) documented inHan Shu.[4]
Zhangye lies in the centre of theHexi Corridor. The area is on the frontier ofChina proper, protecting it from the nomads of the northwest and permitting its armies access to theTarim Basin. During theWestern Han dynasty, Han armies were often engaged against theXiongnu in this area. It was also an important outpost on theSilk Road.[citation needed] Before being over-run by theMongols, it was dominated by theWestern Xia dynasty, and before by theUyghurs from at least the early 10th century. Its relation to the larger Uyghur state ofQocho is obscure, but it may have been a vassal.[5]
TheYuan dynasty founding emperorKublai is said to have been born in theDafo Temple, Zhangye, now the site of the longest woodenreclining Buddha in China.[citation needed]Marco Polo's journal states that he spent a year in the town during his journey to China.[3]
The pine forests of theBabao Mountains (part of theQilian range) formerly regulated the flow of theRuo or Hei Shui, Ganzhou's primary river. By ensuring that the melt-waters lasted throughout the summer, they avoided both early flood and later drought for the valley's farmers. Despite recommendations that they should thus be protected in perpetuity, aQing dynasty imperial official in charge of erecting thepoles for China'stelegraph network ordered them cleared in the 1880s. Almost immediately, the region became prone to flooding in the summer and draught in the autumn, arousing local resentment.[6]
Christianmissionaries arrived in 1879, afterSuzhou (modern-day Jiuquan) was found to be too hostile for their settlement.[7]
Zhangye has one urban district, four counties, one autonomous county, 97 towns, and 978 villages.
| Map | ||||||
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Note: Shandan Horseground is part ofShandan County. | ||||||
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| 1 | Ganzhou District | 甘州区 | Gānzhōu Qū | 507,433 | 4,240 | 120 |
| 2 | Minle County | 民乐县 | Mínlè Xiàn | 219,356 | 3,687 | 59.5 |
| 3 | Linze County | 临泽县 | Línzé Xiàn | 134,328 | 2,777 | 48.4 |
| 4 | Gaotai County | 高台县 | Gāotái Xiàn | 143,446 | 4,312 | 33.3 |
| 5 | Shandan County | 山丹县 | Shāndān Xiàn | 161,299 | 5,402 | 30 |
| 6 | Sunan Yugur Autonomous County | 肃南裕固族自治县 | Sùnán Yùgùzú Zìzhìxiàn | 33,653 | 20,456 | 1.6 |
Zhangye is located in centralGansu along theHexi Corridor, occupying 42,000 km2 (16,000 sq mi). It takes up the entire breadth of the province, running fromInner Mongolia on the north toQinghai on the south, but its urban core is atGanzhou in theoasis formed by theRuo or Hei River. Its streams, sunlight, and fertile soil make it an important regional agricultural centre, although it was seriously damaged by over-foresting in the 19th century.
TheZhangye Danxia National Geological Park, covering an area of 510 square kilometres (200 sq mi), is located inLinze andSunan counties of Zhangye, 30 kilometers (19 mi) west of the city center.[8] Known for its colourful rock formations, it has been voted by Chinese media outlets as one of the most beautiful land-forms in China.[8]
Zhangye has a cold desert climate (KöppenBWk) with very warm summers and cold and very dry winters. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −9.1 °C (15.6 °F) in January to 22.3 °C (72.1 °F) in July. The mean annual temperature is 7.8 °C (46.0 °F), while annualrainfall is 132.6 mm (5.22 in), almost all of which falls from May to September. The winters are so dry that snow is extremely rare.
| Climate data for Zhangye, elevation 1,461 m (4,793 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.4 (65.1) | 24.2 (75.6) | 26.2 (79.2) | 33.3 (91.9) | 34.7 (94.5) | 36.7 (98.1) | 40.3 (104.5) | 38.6 (101.5) | 34.5 (94.1) | 30.3 (86.5) | 23.7 (74.7) | 19.6 (67.3) | 40.3 (104.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) | 4.8 (40.6) | 11.6 (52.9) | 19.2 (66.6) | 24.3 (75.7) | 28.6 (83.5) | 30.3 (86.5) | 28.8 (83.8) | 23.9 (75.0) | 16.9 (62.4) | 8.7 (47.7) | 1.5 (34.7) | 16.5 (61.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.3 (15.3) | −4.1 (24.6) | 3.3 (37.9) | 11.3 (52.3) | 16.7 (62.1) | 21.2 (70.2) | 23.0 (73.4) | 21.2 (70.2) | 15.6 (60.1) | 7.8 (46.0) | −0.4 (31.3) | −7.4 (18.7) | 8.2 (46.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −16.1 (3.0) | −11.2 (11.8) | −3.7 (25.3) | 3.6 (38.5) | 9.0 (48.2) | 13.7 (56.7) | 16.0 (60.8) | 14.5 (58.1) | 9.2 (48.6) | 1.0 (33.8) | −6.5 (20.3) | −13.7 (7.3) | 1.3 (34.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −28.1 (−18.6) | −27.5 (−17.5) | −18.8 (−1.8) | −8.8 (16.2) | −4.5 (23.9) | 1.5 (34.7) | 6.7 (44.1) | 4.5 (40.1) | −1.1 (30.0) | −12.7 (9.1) | −19.3 (−2.7) | −28.2 (−18.8) | −28.2 (−18.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 2.1 (0.08) | 1.3 (0.05) | 3.2 (0.13) | 5.6 (0.22) | 14.6 (0.57) | 20.3 (0.80) | 29.8 (1.17) | 25.3 (1.00) | 20.6 (0.81) | 5.3 (0.21) | 1.8 (0.07) | 1.9 (0.07) | 131.8 (5.18) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.3 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 5.1 | 6.7 | 8.6 | 7.9 | 6.0 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 53.1 |
| Average snowy days | 4.7 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 20.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 55 | 44 | 40 | 35 | 39 | 45 | 52 | 55 | 58 | 54 | 56 | 59 | 49 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 218.8 | 218.7 | 254.8 | 270.1 | 297.8 | 292.5 | 290.1 | 276.8 | 256.4 | 265.4 | 237.5 | 222.1 | 3,101 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 72 | 71 | 68 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 65 | 66 | 70 | 78 | 80 | 76 | 71 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[9][10] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[11] | |||||||||||||
Zhangye has a total population of 1,199,515, only 260,000 being urban residents. There are 26 ethnic minorities other thanHan represented including manyHui,Yugur andTibetans.
Zhangye is served byChina National Highways numbersG30 Expressway,227 and312.
Zhangye Railway Station is on theLanzhou–Xinjiang Railway, located to the north east of the city. A high speed railway station has been constructed on the south west side of the city,Zhangye West Railway Station was opened on 26 December 2014 as part of theLanzhou–Ürümqi High-Speed Railway.
Zhangye Ganzhou Airport, a combined civilian-military airport, opened in October 2011 with flights toLanzhou andXi'an.
The 2002 GDP was 7.566 billion RMB, almost 9% growth over the previous year. Annual urban income was 5960 RMB, 10.4% growth from the previous year and rural income was 3092 RMB, up 5%.
Hexi University (河西学院) is located in Zhangye. Approximately 10,000 students are enrolled at the university.[12]
Zhangye has hosted a round of the Chinese Rally Championship (CRC) since 2011. It is held on specially constructed roads across the deserts north and to the south of the city. The event attracts over 100 entries regularly, including international drivers. A stadium for side-by-side super special stages has also been constructed.
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