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Zenitism (Serbo-Croatian:Zenitizam /Зенитизам) was anavant-gardeart movement inYugoslavia that lasted from 1921 until 1926, first appearing inZagreb from 1921 to 1924 and from 1924 inBelgrade.[1] It primarily involvedvisual arts,graphic design,poetry,literature,theatre,film,architecture andmusic.[2] Like other avant-garde movements at the time, it held anti-war, anti-bourgeois and anti-nationalist views and rejected traditional culture and art. Micić defined it as "abstract metacosmic expressionism."
Ljubomir Micić, a Serbian socialist, established the movement followingWorld War I, during whichKingdom of Serbia lost a million inhabitants prior to creatingKingdom of Yugoslavia.[3]
In June 1921, he proclaimed the "Zenitist manifesto". Although some artists from the region were known in Europe, Zenitism was the first notable art movement from the Balkans in Europe.
Most of its artistic ideas were communicated through theZenit magazine whichLjubomir Micić launched and which published 43 issues between 1921 and 1926. The magazine soon became famous internationally and saw many famous artists contributing the magazine. Most famous amongst them areSergei Yesenin,Alexander Blok,Wassily Kandinsky,Miloš BabićBoris Pasternak andMiloš Crnjanski.
The authors shared their radical views of the European civilisation and art. The movement would soon conflict and distance fromDada movement andExpressionism.
The movement was avant-garde socialist, anti-traditionist, anti-militarist with the focus on human.Micić himself believed in the imminent collapse of western Europe and the rise of "barbarogenie" - barbaric Balkan man who will take its place.
Barbarogenie was capable of recovering Europe using his barbaric strength of a man from the Balkans, unsoiled by the legacy of European civilization which collapsed after WW1.
The concept is arguably expressing signs of nationalism. In realityMicić, an ethnic Serb, initially expressed anti-Serbian sentiment. In the eve ofWorld War II,Micić changed his worldview, now expressing Serbian nationalism. He created the new magazine where he proclaimed the "Serbianhood manifest", promoting Serbian integralism and unitarism, and Serbia as the unifying center of all Serbs.
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