Zanesville, Ohio | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Downtown Zanesville | |
| Nicknames: "City of Natural Advantages", "Y City", "Clay City", "The Y Bridge City" | |
 Interactive map of Zanesville, Ohio | |
  Zanesville  Zanesville | |
| Coordinates:39°57′34″N82°00′48″W / 39.95944°N 82.01333°W /39.95944; -82.01333 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Ohio |
| County | Muskingum |
| Named after | Ebenezer Zane |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Donald Mason (R)[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 12.13 sq mi (31.41 km2) |
| • Land | 11.78 sq mi (30.50 km2) |
| • Water | 0.35 sq mi (0.91 km2) |
| Elevation | 768 ft (234 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 24,765 |
| • Density | 2,102.9/sq mi (811.92/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| ZIP Codes | 43701–43702 |
| Area code | 740 |
| FIPS code | 39-88084[4] |
| GNIS feature ID | 1086738[3] |
| Website | www.coz.org |
Zanesville is a city inMuskingum County, Ohio, United States, and itscounty seat.[5] Located at the confluence of theLicking andMuskingum rivers, the city is approximately 52 miles (84 km) east ofColumbus and had a population of 24,765 as of the2020 census, down from 25,487 as of the2010 census. Historically thestate capital of Ohio from 1810 to 1812, Zanesville anchors theZanesville micropolitan area (population 86,183) and is part of the greaterColumbus-Marion-Zanesville combined statistical area.
Zanesville was named afterEbenezer Zane (1747–1811), who had blazedZane's Trace, a pioneer trail fromWheeling, West Virginia, toMaysville, Kentucky, through present-day Ohio. In 1797, he remitted land as payment to his son-in-law,John McIntire (1759–1815), at the point where Zane's Trace met theMuskingum River. With the assistance of Zane, McIntire platted the town and opened an inn and ferry by 1799. In 1801, Zanesville was officially renamed, formerly Westbourne, the chosen name for the settlement by Zane.
From 1810 to 1812, the city was the secondstate capital of Ohio.[6] TheNational Road courses through Zanesville asU.S. Route 40. The city grew quickly in the 1820s through 1850s. Zanesville and Putnam (eastern side of Muskingum River), from the 1840s until theAmerican Civil War broke out, was part of theUnderground Railroad. In excess of 5,000 Union soldiers, along with hundreds of townsfolk, were stationed in the Zanesville area to protect the city in 1863 duringMorgan's Raid. NovelistZane Grey, a descendant of the Zane family, was born in the city.[citation needed]
After the Civil War, the city grew in size and gained prominence in the State for manufacturing and textiles. The city was also notoriously known for its bootlegging activities in theProhibition era. From the 1820s until the 1970s, downtown Zanesville was the premiere economic center of the city with various factories, offices, small to large stores, many hotels, over a dozen stages and movie theaters, nearly twenty churches, and nearby neighborhoods (inhabited mainly by persons of Irish or German ethnicity).[7]
In 1872, Zanesvilleannexed the adjacent community of Putnam. It is now the Putnam Historic District of Zanesville.[8]
The city was historically known as a center forpottery manufacturing; in the first half of the 20th century, more than a dozen potteries operated in the city and the surrounding areas.[9] Bolstered by ample local clay deposits and rivers, the area produced bothart pottery and functional, utilitarian pottery.[9] Notable pottery manufacturers that operated in the area includedWeller Pottery,J. B. Owens Pottery Company,Roseville Pottery,American Encaustic Tiling Company, and the Mosaic Tile Company.[10] The city peaked economically in the 1950s, and like many cities experienced a post-industrial decline. In the 21st century, it has a relatively high level of chronic poverty and unemployment and a relatively low level oflabor force participation and educational attainment.[11]
Zanesville gained national recognition after theZanesville animal escape in October 2011, in which 50 exotic animals were released from a private zoo, and 48 were killed by police to ensure public safety.[12]
Zanesville is located along theMuskingum River at its confluence with theLicking River. It is located 23 mi (37 km) west ofCambridge and 52 mi (84 km) east ofColumbus. TheNational (Cumberland) Road and its successorsU.S. Route 40 andInterstate 70 cross the Muskingum at Zanesville.
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.14 square miles (31.44 km2), of which 11.77 square miles (30.48 km2) is land and 0.37 square miles (0.96 km2) is water.[13]
The area has important deposits of clay which were exploited by a number of pottery companies in the first half of the twentieth century, includingRoseville Pottery,Weller Pottery, theJ. B. Owens Pottery Company, the Zanesville Stoneware Company, the Mosaic Tile Company, theAmerican Encaustic Tiling Company, and the T.B. Townsend Brick Yard under the ownership ofT.B. Townsend.
| Climate data for Zanesville, Ohio (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1895–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 74 (23) | 78 (26) | 87 (31) | 92 (33) | 98 (37) | 101 (38) | 106 (41) | 105 (41) | 103 (39) | 93 (34) | 82 (28) | 76 (24) | 106 (41) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 38.4 (3.6) | 42.0 (5.6) | 52.0 (11.1) | 64.6 (18.1) | 73.8 (23.2) | 81.4 (27.4) | 84.8 (29.3) | 83.7 (28.7) | 77.5 (25.3) | 65.6 (18.7) | 53.2 (11.8) | 42.5 (5.8) | 63.3 (17.4) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 30.1 (−1.1) | 32.9 (0.5) | 41.6 (5.3) | 52.8 (11.6) | 62.3 (16.8) | 70.5 (21.4) | 74.2 (23.4) | 72.7 (22.6) | 65.9 (18.8) | 54.3 (12.4) | 43.4 (6.3) | 34.7 (1.5) | 52.9 (11.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 21.7 (−5.7) | 23.8 (−4.6) | 31.3 (−0.4) | 41.0 (5.0) | 50.9 (10.5) | 59.6 (15.3) | 63.6 (17.6) | 61.7 (16.5) | 54.4 (12.4) | 43.1 (6.2) | 33.7 (0.9) | 26.8 (−2.9) | 42.6 (5.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −25 (−32) | −20 (−29) | −6 (−21) | 10 (−12) | 23 (−5) | 31 (−1) | 41 (5) | 36 (2) | 28 (−2) | 15 (−9) | −6 (−21) | −17 (−27) | −25 (−32) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 2.80 (71) | 2.31 (59) | 3.24 (82) | 3.86 (98) | 3.79 (96) | 4.29 (109) | 3.73 (95) | 3.20 (81) | 3.12 (79) | 2.81 (71) | 2.79 (71) | 2.63 (67) | 38.57 (980) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 7.2 (18) | 4.2 (11) | 3.8 (9.7) | 1.6 (4.1) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.25) | 0.9 (2.3) | 3.4 (8.6) | 21.2 (54) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 12.9 | 10.8 | 12.2 | 13.3 | 13.4 | 11.9 | 11.3 | 9.9 | 8.9 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 12.3 | 137.6 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) | 7.7 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 4.2 | 22.5 |
| Source:NOAA (snow 1981–2010)[14][15][16] | |||||||||||||
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1800 | 474 | — | |
| 1810 | 1,154 | 143.5% | |
| 1820 | 2,052 | 77.8% | |
| 1830 | 3,094 | 50.8% | |
| 1840 | 4,766 | 54.0% | |
| 1850 | 7,929 | 66.4% | |
| 1860 | 9,229 | 16.4% | |
| 1870 | 10,011 | 8.5% | |
| 1880 | 18,113 | 80.9% | |
| 1890 | 21,009 | 16.0% | |
| 1900 | 23,538 | 12.0% | |
| 1910 | 28,026 | 19.1% | |
| 1920 | 29,569 | 5.5% | |
| 1930 | 36,440 | 23.2% | |
| 1940 | 37,500 | 2.9% | |
| 1950 | 40,517 | 8.0% | |
| 1960 | 39,077 | −3.6% | |
| 1970 | 33,045 | −15.4% | |
| 1980 | 28,655 | −13.3% | |
| 1990 | 26,778 | −6.6% | |
| 2000 | 25,586 | −4.5% | |
| 2010 | 25,487 | −0.4% | |
| 2020 | 24,765 | −2.8% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[17] | |||
In the 1950s, Zanesville was known for its population of light-skinned Blacks who could "pass" (be admitted to whites-only places). This characteristic was due to a history of racial intermixing dating back to the role of Zanesville as a stop on theUnderground Railroad.[18]
As of the2020 census, Zanesville had a population of 24,765. The median age was 38.2 years. 22.9% of residents were under the age of 18 and 18.8% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 89.1 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 85.1 males age 18 and over.[19][20]
99.6% of residents lived in urban areas, while 0.4% lived in rural areas.[21]
There were 10,903 households in Zanesville, of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 28.4% were married-couple households, 22.4% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 38.5% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 39.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[19]
There were 12,157 housing units, of which 10.3% were vacant. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.2% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.9%.[19]
| Race | Number | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| White | 19,928 | 80.5% |
| Black or African American | 2,123 | 8.6% |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 67 | 0.3% |
| Asian | 124 | 0.5% |
| Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander | 3 | 0.0% |
| Some other race | 273 | 1.1% |
| Two or more races | 2,247 | 9.1% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 442 | 1.8% |
As of thecensus[22] of 2010, there were 25,487 people, 10,864 households, and 6,176 families residing in the city. Thepopulation density was 2,165.4 inhabitants per square mile (836.1/km2). There were 12,385 housing units at an average density of 1,052.3 per square mile (406.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 84.4%White, 9.7%African American, 0.4%Native American, 0.4%Asian, 0.4% fromother races, and 4.7% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 1.2% of the population.
There were 10,864 households, of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.1% weremarried couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.2% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.97.
The median age in the city was 36.3 years. 25.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.6% were from 25 to 44; 24.5% were from 45 to 64; and 15.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.6% male and 53.4% female.
As of thecensus[23] of 2000, there were 25,586 people, 10,572 households, and 6,438 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,276.8 inhabitants per square mile (879.1/km2). There were 11,662 housing units at an average density of 1,037.8 per square mile (400.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 85.48%White, 10.76%African American, 0.40%Native American, 0.23%Asian, 0.02%Pacific Islander, 0.42% fromother races, and 2.70% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 0.79% of the population.
There were 10,572 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% weremarried couples living together, 18.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $26,642, and the median income for a family was $31,932. Males had a median income of $27,902 versus $20,142 for females. Theper capita income for the city was $15,192. About 19.3% of families and 22.4% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 32.3% of those under age 18 and 14.8% of those age 65 or over.
The city government is a Mayor/Council (10 members) elected form of government. Zanesville Police Department was formed in 1865 with 6 officers. Today the department has over 55 officers and 40 more support staff. The City Fire Department became fully paid staff in 1879. This department today has over 45 members working 24 on & 48 hours off, staffing 3 stations.[citation needed]
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The city is served byZanesville Municipal Airport, built duringWorld War II, and opened near the end. It has two 5,000 ft (1,500 m) runways. The airport had commercial flights from the late 1940s until the early 1970s.
The city is also served by several railroad lines.
Interstate 70 andU.S. Route 40 (which closely follows the path of the olderNational Road), pass through Zanesville and run roughly parallel to each other. From the southwest,US 22 approaches fromCincinnati. North-south state highways60 and93 pass through Zanesville. Other state routes include666,555,719, and146.
Athree-way bridge called the "Y-Bridge" spans the confluence of theLicking and theMuskingum rivers. Listed on theNational Register of Historic Places, it is one of few bridges of its type in the United States. Its unique shape led pilotAmelia Earhart to describe Zanesville as "the most recognizable city in the country".[25] It has been rebuilt numerous times since the 1850s.
In 2016, the Good Samaritan campus and the Bethesda campus merged to form Genesis Hospital. The Good Samaritan campus was closed and demolished.[26][27]
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Municipalities and communities ofMuskingum County, Ohio,United States | ||
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| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
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