Zakliczyn | |
|---|---|
 Town hall | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Zakliczyn | |
| Coordinates:49°51′N20°49′E / 49.850°N 20.817°E /49.850; 20.817 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lesser Poland |
| County | Tarnów |
| Gmina | Zakliczyn |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Dawid Chrobak (PiS) |
| Area | |
• Total | 4.02 km2 (1.55 sq mi) |
| Population (2010)[1] | |
• Total | 1,541 |
| • Density | 380/km2 (990/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 32-840 |
| Vehicle registration | KTA |
| Website | http://www.zakliczyn.pl |
Zakliczyn[zaˈklʲit͡ʂɨn] is a town inTarnów County,Lesser Poland Voivodeship,Poland,[2] with a population of 1,541 (2010).[1] Zakliczyn lies on the right bank of theDunajec river, surrounded by wooded hills 300 to 500 metres (984 to 1,640 feet)above sea level. Zakliczyn has a town hall, located in a spacious market square, one of the largest in the province, at 100 by 170 metres (328 by 558 feet). The town was originally calledOpatkowice. Its name was changed in 1558, in honour of the village ofZakliczyn, Myślenice County, which was ancient seat of theJordan family.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1869 | 1,210 | — |
| 1880 | 1,230 | +1.7% |
| 1890 | 1,276 | +3.7% |
| 1900 | 1,252 | −1.9% |
| 1910 | 1,228 | −1.9% |
| 1921 | 1,167 | −5.0% |
| 2010 | 1,541 | +32.0% |
| Source:[3][4][1] | ||
The history of Zakliczyn dates back to 1105, when a settlement calledDunaiz was mentioned in a document by thepapal legateGilles de Paris, according to which, the settlement was said to have belonged to theBenedictine abbey ofTyniec since 1086. In 1215, the village of Opatkowice was mentioned in a document issued by the Bishop of Kraków,Wincenty Kadłubek. At that time, Opatkowice was administratively under the jurisdiction of astarosta inCzchów. By 1326 the village already had a parish church. In the 14th century, Opatkowice developed thanks to its location on the Dunajec river along the merchant route fromTarnów viaStary Sącz to theKingdom of Hungary. Weekly fairs at Opatkowice attracted merchants from other towns in the area, such asBobowa,Ciężkowice,Tuchów, andWojnicz. In ca. 1340, the church at Opatkowice had 465 parishioners. The village still belonged to Tyniec abbey.
Early in 1557, local nobleman, Spytek Wawrzyniec JordanTrąby coat of arms, owner ofMelsztyn castle purchased Opatkowice from the monks of Tyniec abbey. On July 17, 1557 inVilnius, KingSigismund II Augustus granted Jordan the right to establish a town in Opatkowice withMagdeburg rights at the foot of Melsztyn Castle. In 1558, the village name was changed to "Zakliczyn". By 1581, Zakliczyn was the 10th biggest town in theKraków Voivodeship, and its cobblers were famous all over Lesser Poland. Zakliczyn prospered in the late 16th and early 17th century (seePolish Golden Age). Together with Melsztyn, the town later belonged to the Zborowski, Sobek and Tarło families in succession. In 1639, the wooden parish church burned down, and Zygmunt Tarło funded a new stone church (1641–50). In early 1615, Zakliczyn again was damaged by fire. In 1652-53 many local residents died inThe Plague. On January 5, 1656, during theSwedish invasion of Poland, Zakliczyn was ransacked and burnt down by the Swedes. Despite several royal privileges, tax exemptions and additional fairs, the town never recovered from the destruction. By 1712, it only had 27 artisans. In 1683, KingJan III Sobieski rested here on his way back toWarsaw after theBattle of Vienna.
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From 1744 to 1886 Zakliczyn belonged to theLanckoroński family. In 1772 (seePartitions of Poland), the town was annexed by theAustrian Empire. Until 1918 it lay withinGalicia. In the early 19th century, a new town hall was erected. In early 1846, it was the scene of a peasant revolt when local farmworkers attacked members of Polish nobility (seeGalician slaughter), murdering many of them. In 1867, the population of Zakliczyn numbered 1,415.
DuringWorld War I, the town was destroyed after heavy Austrian - Russian fighting, several military cemeteries from that era still exist in surrounding villages. In theSecond Polish Republic the situation did not improve, and to make matters worse, Zakliczyn suffered widespread destruction in the1934 flood in Poland. Finally, in 1934 it was stripped of its town charter and was reduced to village status.
In 1939 the population of Zakliczyn reached 2,000 of whom 50% were Jews. This led duringWorld War II to the establishment of aJewish ghetto when the Nazis overran Poland and Jewish citizens were brought in from neighbouring municipalities to Zakliczyn before being transported toBelzec extermination camp.[5] Almost all of Zakliczyn's Jews were murdered in theHolocaust. The German occupiers also burned down several neighbouring villages, killing around 500 of Zakliczyn's Polish catholic residents.Wehrmacht units finally retreated on January 17, 1945 with the arrival of Soviet troops.
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In 2008, Zakliczyn was one of 19 villages in Europe (Germany,Poland,Italy andSpain) featured in the Spanish documentary filmPueblos de Europa ("Villages of Europe"), produced by Juan Frutos.
Closest airport:Kraków, closest railway station:Gromnik. Regular bus services take residents toKraków (90mins by coach)Bochnia,Brzesko,Tarnów (40mins) &Nowy Sącz (30mins) as well as many small villages in between.
Zakliczyn is home to a sport clubDunajec, founded in 1973.
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