Ząbkowice Śląskie | |
|---|---|
 Market Square and town hall | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Ząbkowice Śląskie | |
| Coordinates:50°35′N16°49′E / 50.583°N 16.817°E /50.583; 16.817 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Ząbkowice Śląskie |
| Gmina | Ząbkowice Śląskie |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Marcin Orzeszek |
| Area | |
• Total | 13.67 km2 (5.28 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 280 m (920 ft) |
| Population (2019-06-30[1]) | |
• Total | 15,004 |
| • Density | 1,098/km2 (2,843/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 57–200 and 57–201 |
| Vehicle registration | DZA |
| National roads |  |
| Voivodeship roads |   |
| Website | zabkowice.pl |
Ząbkowice Śląskie (Zombkovitze[zɔmpkɔˈvit͡sɛ ˈɕlɔ̃skʲɛ]; German:Frankenstein in Schlesien) is a town inLower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-westernPoland.[2] It is the seat ofZąbkowice Śląskie County and of a local municipality calledGmina Ząbkowice Śląskie. The town lies approximately 63 kilometres (39 miles) south of the regional capitalWrocław. As of 2019[update], it had a population of 15,004.
The town was established inSilesia asFrankenstein in the late 13th century byGerman settlers, during the reign ofHenry IV Probus of the Piast dynasty, following theMongol invasion of Poland. It was founded in the vicinity of the old Polish settlement ofSadlno, through which ran a trade route connectingSilesia andBohemia.[3] The town was sited on a piece of land that belonged partly to the episcopal lands ofZwrócona and partly to the monastery atTrzebnica. The town was located between the sites of two previously existing towns that had failed to attract enough settlers: Frankenberg (Przyłęk) and Löwenstein (Koziniec), and inherited its German name from both. Its positioning on the so-called "King's Road" betweenPrague andWrocław, not too far from the commercially important city ofKłodzko, would favour the development of the town. The town receivedmunicipal rights around 1280, the first mention ofcivitas Frankenstein is dated 10 January 1287. In 1295, DukeBolko I the Strict granted the townstaple right for salt and lead.[4] At the beginning of the 14th century, the first town hall and the castle were erected.[3] The city remained under rule of the Polish Piast dynasty before it was sold to theBohemian (Czech) king in 1351.
In 1428, the city wasinvaded by the Hussites.[3] In 1456, Bohemian kingLadislaus the Posthumous gave the city in hereditary possession to the Czech noblePodiebrad family,[3] to which it belonged until 1569. The city was heavily damaged in 1468, during theBohemian–Hungarian War,[3] and until 1490 it belonged to theKingdom of Hungary, before becoming again part of Bohemia. In the 16th century, the castle and defensive walls were rebuilt.[3] Trade and craft flourished.[3] In the early 17th century, the plague killed about one third of the population, and it has been speculated that theFrankenstein gravediggers scandal at that time may have inspired theFrankenstein story.[5] TheThirty Years' War (1618–1648) ended the town's prosperity.[3]Austrian andSwedish troops marched through the city, which was severely damaged.[3] Afterwards, until the late 19th century, it remained a small town.[3] In 1742 it was annexed byPrussia. In 1826,Fryderyk Chopin travelled through the town.[6]
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In 1858, the town burned down and had to be rebuilt.[4] On this occasion, the upper part of the 15th-century leaning tower was reconstructed in a straight manner. The town was a county seat from 1816 to 1945. From 1871 to 1918 it was part of theGerman Empire. In the final stages ofWorld War II in 1945, a German-conducteddeath march of thousands of prisoners of severalsubcamps of theAuschwitz concentration camp passed through the town towards theGross-Rosen concentration camp,[7] and additionally some prisoners from the Nazi prison inKłodzko were moved to the town.[8] The town was not destroyed during the war.[3] After Germany's defeat, the town again became part ofPoland, and wasrenamed to its historic Polish nameZąbkowice,[4] with the addition of the adjectiveŚląskie in 1946. The totality of its population wasexpelled in accordance with thePotsdam Agreement. Ząbkowice Śląskie was repopulated byPoles expelled from formerEastern Poland, annexed by theSoviet Union, as well as those arriving from central Poland.[3]
Ząbkowice Śląskie is often called the SilesianPisa as it is known for its Leaning Tower (Krzywa Wieża), which is one of the main attractions of the town. However, there are also tourist attractions such as the 13th-century fortifications and the ruins of a 14th-century castle.
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Seetwin towns of Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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