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Yima 义马市 | |
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  Yima Location in Henan | |
| Coordinates:34°44′49″N111°52′30″E / 34.74694°N 111.87500°E /34.74694; 111.87500 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Henan |
| Prefecture-level city | Sanmenxia |
| Area | |
| 100.5 km2 (38.8 sq mi) | |
| • Metro | 1,462.4 km2 (564.6 sq mi) |
| Population (2018 estimation[1]) | |
| 147,800 | |
| • Density | 1,471/km2 (3,809/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 498,500 |
| • Metro density | 340.9/km2 (882.9/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 472300 |
| Website | www |
Yima (simplified Chinese:义马;traditional Chinese:義馬;pinyin:Yìmǎ) is acounty-level city inHenan, China. It is under the jurisdiction ofSanmenxia, located in the west of Henan province. Since ancient times, it had been a key stopover betweenLuoyang andChangan. In the 20th century, it became a wealthy city thanks to the mining and processing of coal.
The history of Yima's establishment could be traced back to the Xin'an county ofQin dynasty. In 1981, it became the first county-level city in Henan. It was originally under the jurisdiction ofLuoyang, since 1986, it has been under the jurisdiction ofSanmenxia. It has been listed several times as one of China's top 100 counties in terms of basic economic competitiveness. It is the smallest city in China (112 square kilometers with a population of about 140,000).[2]
Relying on its own resource advantages, Yima vigorously developsheavy chemical industry, bringing rapid economic growth. In 2010, the city's per capita GDP was over 70,000 RMB, which is about US$10,000, and ranked No.1 in terms of county economy in Henan Province (perennially ranks top five). The city is also known as "The Home of Martial Arts".
Coal mining and processing dominate Yima's economy, and the Yima Coal Industry Group is the city's largest employer. At its peak in 2004, 76% of the local economy depended on coal. Since 2014, closures of several local coal mines due to national efforts to address coal overcapacity have contributed to an economic decline in Yima.[2][3] In 2019, 15 were killed by an explosion at a gas plant operated by Henan Gas Group in Yima.[4][5]
Yima is located in the western part of Henan Province, China, and lies between 34°42' - 34°46' north latitude and 111°50'47" - 111°50'49" east longitude. It is 183 kilometers east ofZhengzhou, the provincial capital, and 65 kilometers west of Sanmenxia.[6]
Yima is located in a warmtemperate zone, on the southern edge of the North Subtropics. There are four distinct seasons and abundant sunshine. The average annual temperature is 12.4°C. During July, the hottest month of the year, the average temperature is 25.5°C. In the coldest months, the average temperature is -2.1°C. The average annual amount of sunshine hours is 2250.4 hours, with an average annual sunshine rate of 51%. The area experiences southeastern winds in spring and summer, and northwestern winds in autumn and winter. There has abundant plant and animal resources, with an average annual rainfall of 666.9 millimeters.
As of 2012[update], this city is divided to 7 subdistricts.[7]
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G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway,China National Highway 310 both pass through Yima.Zhengzhou–Xi'an high-speed railway, andLonghai Railway also pass through Yima.
By the end of 2022, Yima City had two major historical and cultural sites protected at the national level and three cultural heritage sites under provincial-level protection.
The site whereXiang Yu had the 200,000 surrenderedQin soldiersburied alive. The site covers an area of 70 to 80Mu. In 1912, workers constructing theLonghai Railway unearthed large amounts of ancient human remains from here. The built railway goes through the site, and the original look of the pits no longer exists.[6]
During theBattle of Beijing, Cixi andGuangxu fled Beijing and evacuated toXi'an as theEight-Nation Alliance invaded the city. The temporary residence was built when they stayed shortly in this area on their way back to Beijing from Xi'an, more than a year later.
The township Xin'an existed during the Qin andHan dynasties, and its construction can be traced back to theWarring States period. The total area of the ancient site is 300,000 square meters. It is rectangular in shape, longer from north to south and narrower from east to west. Cultural layers can be found everywhere in the site.
In the 1960s, an open-pit coal mine was mined in Yoma, the coal gangue blocks excavated had obvious leaf-like texture. In the early 1980s, scientists have systemically collected fossils in this area. The discovery has been confirmed as the Yima paleoflora, among which the complete ginkgo leafs fossils collected have been officially namedGinkgo yimaensis, which is the oldest ginkgo species in the world, dated to 170million years ago.[8]