Yilan County 依兰县 I-lan | |
|---|---|
 Location of Yilan in Harbin | |
.png) Harbin in Heilongjiang | |
| Coordinates:46°19′01″N129°33′43″E / 46.317°N 129.562°E /46.317; 129.562[1] | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Heilongjiang |
| Sub-provincial city | Harbin |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,616.0 km2 (1,782.2 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 97 m (318 ft) |
| Population (2010)[3] | |
• Total | 388,319 |
| • Density | 84.125/km2 (217.88/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 1548XX |
| Website | hrbyl |
Yilan County (simplified Chinese:依兰县;traditional Chinese:依蘭縣;pinyin:Yīlán Xiàn;IPA:[í.lǎn ɕjɛ̂n]) is acounty ofHeilongjiang Province,NortheastChina, it is under the administration of theprefecture-level city ofHarbin, the capital of Heilongjiang. It is more than 240 kilometres (150 mi) to the east-northeast of central Harbin. Its county seat, which is also called Yilan (Yilan Town,Yilan zhen), is located near the confluence of theMudan River (formerly known as theHurka River) with theSungari, near the eponymousYilan crater. The easternmostcounty-level division of Harbin City, it bordersFangzheng County to the southwest,Tonghe County to the west, as well as theprefecture-level cities ofYichun to the north,Jiamusi to the northeast,Qitaihe to the southeast, andMudanjiang to the south.
Station on the Harbin-Jiamusi intercity railway is located in the Sijianfang district, 5 km from town center.
During the rule of theMing dynasty in China, Yilan, formerly known asSanxing (三姓;Wade–Giles:San-hsing; historically also Romanized asSan Sing[4]), was one of the two important centers of theJianzhou Jurchens of the Hurka River valley. (The other center wasNinguta in the upper reaches of the Hurka).[5] ItsJurchen name wasIlantumen.[6]
The town retained its importance into theQing period, and in 1692 became the seat of a deputy lieutenant-general (副都統;fù dūtǒng). Subordinated to the governor general (jiangjun) inJilin City. the Sanxingfu dutong was in control of the northeastern section ofJilin Province (which in those days was much larger than now) – a large region stretching northeast along the Sungari and theAmur to the Pacific Ocean.[7]
In 1887, three British travelers –H. E. M. James,Francis Younghusband andHarry English Fulford – visited Sanxing on their tour of Manchuria. According to Fulford's account, the town had a population of around 10,000, with trade in furs and fish (salmon and sturgeon) being its main industries.[4]
Lu Houmin, who was the official photographer for the top Chinese leaders particularlyMao Zedong from 1950 to 1964 was born in Yilan.[8]
| Climate data for Yilan, elevation 100 m (330 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 2.0 (35.6) | 9.0 (48.2) | 20.2 (68.4) | 29.4 (84.9) | 34.3 (93.7) | 37.4 (99.3) | 37.8 (100.0) | 37.2 (99.0) | 30.6 (87.1) | 27.0 (80.6) | 16.3 (61.3) | 6.1 (43.0) | 37.8 (100.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −12.3 (9.9) | −6.5 (20.3) | 2.4 (36.3) | 13.1 (55.6) | 20.7 (69.3) | 25.4 (77.7) | 27.6 (81.7) | 25.9 (78.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 11.9 (53.4) | −0.8 (30.6) | −10.8 (12.6) | 9.8 (49.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −17.2 (1.0) | −12.4 (9.7) | −3.5 (25.7) | 6.6 (43.9) | 14.3 (57.7) | 19.6 (67.3) | 22.6 (72.7) | 20.7 (69.3) | 14.5 (58.1) | 5.8 (42.4) | −5.5 (22.1) | −15.2 (4.6) | 4.2 (39.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −21.5 (−6.7) | −18.0 (−0.4) | −9.3 (15.3) | 0.4 (32.7) | 8.0 (46.4) | 14.3 (57.7) | 18.0 (64.4) | 16.3 (61.3) | 8.9 (48.0) | 0.5 (32.9) | −9.7 (14.5) | −19.1 (−2.4) | −0.9 (30.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −35.0 (−31.0) | −31.8 (−25.2) | −26.9 (−16.4) | −12.6 (9.3) | −4.1 (24.6) | 4.8 (40.6) | 10.6 (51.1) | 7.0 (44.6) | −3.0 (26.6) | −13.2 (8.2) | −25.7 (−14.3) | −32.9 (−27.2) | −35.0 (−31.0) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 4.8 (0.19) | 4.8 (0.19) | 14.5 (0.57) | 24.6 (0.97) | 56.9 (2.24) | 83.1 (3.27) | 138.3 (5.44) | 131.4 (5.17) | 61.7 (2.43) | 31.1 (1.22) | 15.3 (0.60) | 10.0 (0.39) | 576.5 (22.68) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.1 | 4.3 | 7.4 | 8.4 | 12.3 | 13.5 | 13.8 | 13.5 | 9.9 | 7.7 | 6.6 | 7.4 | 109.9 |
| Average snowy days | 7.2 | 5.9 | 8.1 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.8 | 7.9 | 9.6 | 43.8 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 71 | 66 | 61 | 57 | 61 | 72 | 80 | 83 | 77 | 66 | 68 | 72 | 70 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 147.8 | 177.5 | 212.4 | 204.4 | 225.6 | 224.5 | 222.0 | 216.6 | 219.3 | 186.6 | 147.2 | 134.9 | 2,318.8 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 53 | 60 | 57 | 50 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 50 | 59 | 56 | 53 | 51 | 53 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[9][10] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[11] | |||||||||||||
Yilan County is divided into 6 towns, 2 townships and 1 ethnic township.[12]