Yichang 宜昌市 Ichang | |
|---|---|
       Three Gorges Dam, Cool shrimp, Tribe of Three Gorges, Qingjiang Gallery, Sanyou Cave, Three Gorges Waterfall, Xiling Gorge. | |
 Location of Yichang City jurisdiction in Hubei | |
  Yichang Location of the city in Hubei Show map of Hubei Yichang Location of the city in China Show map of China | |
| Coordinates (Yichang municipal government):30°41′31″N111°17′13″E / 30.692°N 111.287°E /30.692; 111.287 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hubei |
| Municipal seat | Xiling District |
| Government | |
| • CPCParty Secretary | Huang Chuping |
| • Mayor | Chen Honghui Acting |
| Area | |
| 21,338 km2 (8,239 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 4,234.3 km2 (1,634.9 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 4,192 km2 (1,619 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 58 m (190 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 2,427 m (7,963 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 35 m (115 ft) |
| Population (2024 census)[2] | |
| 3,926,500 | |
| • Density | 184.01/km2 (476.60/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,562,000 |
| • Urban density | 605.1/km2 (1,567/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,604,700 |
| • Metro density | 382.8/km2 (991.4/sq mi) |
| GDP[3] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 338.2 billion US$ 54.3 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 82,360 US$ 22,140 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal codes | 443000 |
| Area code | 0717 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-HB-05 |
| Licence plate prefixes | 鄂E |
| Website | en |
| Yichang | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 "Yichang", as written in Chinese | |||||||||||
| Chinese | 宜昌 | ||||||||||
| Postal | Ichang | ||||||||||
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Yichang (Chinese:宜昌),alternatively romanized asIchang, is aprefecture-level city located in westernHubei province, China. Yichang had a population of 3.92 million people at the 2022 census,[4] making it the third most populous city in Hubei.[5] The city is famous for theThree Gorges, theThree Gorges Dam and theGezhouba Dam, all three of which are located inYiling District, one of the city's districts.[6][7]
In ancient times Yichang was known as Yiling. In 278 BC, during theWarring States period, theQin generalBai Qi set fire to Yiling.[8] In 222 AD, Yichang was also the site of theBattle of Yiling during theThree Kingdoms Period.[9]
Under theQingGuangxu Emperor, Yichangwas opened to foreign commerce as a trading port after theQing andGreat Britain agreed to theChefoo Convention, which was signed bySir Thomas Wade andLi Hongzhang inChefoo on 21 August 1876.[10] The imperial government set up a navigation company there and began building facilities. Since 1949, more than 50 wharves, with a total combined length of over 15 kilometers (9.3 mi), have been constructed at the port.[citation needed]
During theSecond Sino-Japanese War, Yichang was a primary supply depot for the defending Chinese army. In October 1938, as the Japanese moved up theYangtze River towards the strategic city ofChongqing, it became clear that Yichang needed to be evacuated. In 40 days, under the direction of businessmanLu Zuofu, more than 100,000 tons of equipment and 30,000 personnel were transported upstream by steamship or by porters pulling smaller vessels through the Three Gorges rapids to Chongqing.[11][12]
In 1940, theBattle of Zaoyang-Yichang took place in the area.
Administratively, it is aprefecture-level city; its municipal government has jurisdiction over five counties, five urban districts, and three satellitecounty-level cities (Yidu,Dangyang,Zhijiang).[1][13][14]
The prefecture-level city of Yichang has direct jurisdiction over 14 divisions: 5 districts (区;qū), 3 county-level cities (县级市;xiànjí shì), 3 counties (县;xiàn), and 2 autonomous counties (自治县;zìzhì xiàn).
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census)[15] | Area (/km2)[16] | Density (/km2) | |
| Districts | ||||||
| Xiling District | 西陵区 | Xīlíng Qū | 512,074 | 68.14 | 7,515.03 | |
| Wujiagang District | 伍家岗区 | Wǔjiāgǎng Qū | 214,194 | 84.03 | 2549.02 | |
| Dianjun District | 点军区 | Diǎnjūn Qū | 103,696 | 533.23 | 194.47 | |
| Xiaoting District | 猇亭区 | Xiāotíng Qū | 61,230 | 130.40 | 469.55 | |
| Yiling District | 夷陵区 | Yílíng Qū | 520,186 | 3,416.57 | 152.25 | |
| County-level cities | ||||||
| Yidu | 宜都市 | Yídū Shì | 384,598 | 1,354.83 | 283.87 | |
| Dangyang | 当阳市 | Dāngyáng Shì | 468,293 | 2,148.82 | 217.93 | |
| Zhijiang | 枝江市 | Zhījiāng Shì | 644,835 | 2,010.00 | 321 | |
| Counties | ||||||
| Yuan'an County | 远安县 | Yuǎn'ān Xiàn | 184,532 | 1,741.06 | 105.99 | |
| Xingshan County | 兴山县 | Xīngshān Xiàn | 231,536 | 480.20 | 73.69 | |
| Zigui County | 秭归县 | Zǐguī Xiàn | 367,107 | 2,273.80 | 161.45 | |
| Autonomous counties | ||||||
| Changyang Tujia Autonomous County | 长阳土家族自治县 | Chángyáng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn | 388,228 | 3418.82 | 113.56 | |
| Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County | 五峰土家族自治县 | Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn | 188,923 | 2,370.41 | 79.70 | |
Like most prefecture-level cities, Yichang includes both an urban area (which is labeled on less detailed maps as "Yichang") and the surrounding country area. It covers 21,084 square kilometers (8,141 sq mi) in Western Hubei Province, on both sides of theYangtze River. TheXiling Gorge, the easternmost of theThree Gorges on the Yangtze, is located within the prefecture-level city.
Within the prefecture-level city of Yichang, the Yangtze is joined by a number of tributaries, including theQing River (right), Xiang Xi andHuangbo Rivers (left).
The central urban area of Yichang is split between several districts. On the north bank of the Yangtze, there areXiling District (the central part of the city), Yiling District, and Wujiagang District, and Xiaoting District. The urban area on the opposite (south) bank of the river is Dianjun District. All these districts, except the central Xiling District, also include a fair amount of suburban/rural area outside of the urban zone.
Yichang has a four-season,monsoon-influenced,humid subtropical climate (KöppenCwa), with cool, damp and generally overcast winters, and hot, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 5.0 °C (41.0 °F) in January to 27.7 °C (81.9 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 17.08 °C (62.7 °F). Close to 70% of the annual precipitation of 1,160 mm (46 in) occurs from May to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 24% in January to 49% in August, the city receives 1,568 hours of bright sunshine annually, and summer is the sunniest season.[citation needed]
| Climate data for Yichang, elevation 133 m (436 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.5 (72.5) | 28.2 (82.8) | 34.1 (93.4) | 36.7 (98.1) | 38.7 (101.7) | 39.9 (103.8) | 40.7 (105.3) | 41.4 (106.5) | 39.2 (102.6) | 37.7 (99.9) | 29.8 (85.6) | 24.6 (76.3) | 41.4 (106.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.8 (47.8) | 11.8 (53.2) | 16.6 (61.9) | 23.0 (73.4) | 27.3 (81.1) | 30.5 (86.9) | 32.7 (90.9) | 32.1 (89.8) | 28.2 (82.8) | 23.0 (73.4) | 17.2 (63.0) | 11.2 (52.2) | 21.9 (71.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) | 7.6 (45.7) | 11.7 (53.1) | 17.7 (63.9) | 22.2 (72.0) | 25.8 (78.4) | 28.1 (82.6) | 27.4 (81.3) | 23.6 (74.5) | 18.3 (64.9) | 12.7 (54.9) | 7.3 (45.1) | 17.3 (63.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.2 (36.0) | 4.6 (40.3) | 8.1 (46.6) | 13.6 (56.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 22.1 (71.8) | 24.5 (76.1) | 23.9 (75.0) | 20.1 (68.2) | 14.9 (58.8) | 9.5 (49.1) | 4.4 (39.9) | 13.8 (56.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9.8 (14.4) | −4.4 (24.1) | −1.3 (29.7) | 0.4 (32.7) | 8.8 (47.8) | 14.7 (58.5) | 18.4 (65.1) | 17.2 (63.0) | 11.4 (52.5) | 3.7 (38.7) | −0.9 (30.4) | −5.4 (22.3) | −9.8 (14.4) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 24.4 (0.96) | 38.7 (1.52) | 54.8 (2.16) | 92.3 (3.63) | 139.4 (5.49) | 141.8 (5.58) | 211.0 (8.31) | 191.3 (7.53) | 107.2 (4.22) | 73.8 (2.91) | 46.7 (1.84) | 18.7 (0.74) | 1,140.1 (44.89) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 7.7 | 9.2 | 11.0 | 12.5 | 13.3 | 12.6 | 14.7 | 13.7 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 131.6 |
| Average snowy days | 4.3 | 3.0 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 10 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 74 | 73 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 76 | 79 | 78 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 73 | 75 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 65.9 | 71.9 | 103.1 | 125.8 | 132.8 | 134.1 | 157.2 | 168.4 | 126.8 | 118.6 | 103.8 | 81.1 | 1,389.5 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 20 | 23 | 28 | 32 | 31 | 32 | 37 | 41 | 35 | 34 | 33 | 26 | 31 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[17][18]NOAA[19] all-time extreme temperature[20][21] | |||||||||||||
Yichang Sanxia International Airport is located in the Xiaoting District of Yichang City, which is 26 km (16 mi) away from the city center and 55 km (34 mi) from the Three Gorges Dam site. The airport is conveniently located, which borders Yihuang Highway in the north, Long River Golden Waterway in the south and Jiaozhi Railway in the east.
Several provincial highways connect Yichang center city with most counties.
Several bridges span the Yangtze River within the prefecture-level city of Yichang, including (upstream to downstream):
There are several ferry crossings as well.
Yichang has long been a major transit port and distribution center of goods, and serves as the economic hub of western Hubei province and an intermediary between the major cities ofChongqing and Wuhan. Its primary industries are shipping and shipbuilding, taking advantage of its location on the Yangtze River. TheQing River in the southern part of the prefectures, with its cascade of dams, is an important waterway.Maoping Town (the county seat ofZigui County), has an active passengerwharf as well.
Yichang is served by several railway lines.
Yichang Railway Station, located in downtown Yichang, opened in 1971, was the city's first railway station. In 2012 it closed for a renovation project.[22]
TheYichang East Railway Station, opened in the late 2010 in the eastern suburbs of Yichang,[23] is presently the city's main train station. It is the junction point of two segments of theShanghai-Wuhan-Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line, one of China's new east–west rail mainlines. To the east, theHanyi Railway[24] (opened June 29, 2012) provides frequent service toWuhan, with some trains continuing to Nanjing and Shanghai. To the west, theYiwan Railway (Yichang-Wanzhou; opened December 2010) serves as the gateway to Hubei's southwestern panhandle (Enshi), with some service continuing toChongqing andChengdu.
TheJiaozuo–Liuzhou Railway, a north–south line, crosses the eastern part of the prefecture-level city. It crosses the Yangtze atZhicheng inYidu County-level City.
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As of the 2020 census, its population was 4,017,607 inhabitants of whom 1,536,012 lived in the built-up (or metro) area consisting of Yiling, Xiling, Wujiagang and Dianjun urban districts. The Xiaoting District has not yet been urbanized. Yichang prefecture-level city, is home to many members of theTujia ethnic group, who mostly live in several counties in the south-west of the prefecture.
Yichang also formed the border between the cultures ofBa in the west (an ancient state in the eastern part of what is nowSichuan Province) and theChu State in the east (an ancient state in what is now Hubei Province and northernHunan Province).
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Since 2002, Yichang City has been home of theChina Three Gorges University (the result of the merger of the University of Hydraulic & Electric Engineering, Yichang and ofHubeiSanxia University), the largest comprehensive university inHubei Province outsideWuhan, with over 20,400 full-time students.
There are 170 secondary schools in Yichang enrolling 150,700 students. 53,900 of the citizens in Yichang hold a secondary school degree. There are 282 elementary schools being located in Yichang enrolling 156,900. 27,600 of the citizens hold secondary school degrees. 383 kindergartens located in Yichang with 78,500 children.
Yichang has developed rapidly in recent years. In 2023, Yichang's GDP reached 575.635 billion yuan,[25] with a per capita GDP of 146,800 yuan.[26] In 2023, the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors in Yichang increased by 60.856 billion yuan, 228.034 billion yuan, and 286.745 billion yuan, respectively.[27] The main industries in Yichang include agriculture, fisheries, chemical manufacturing, food biomedicine, and tourism. Additionally, Yichang possesses abundant mineral resources including phosphorus, iron, coal, manganese, vanadium, gold, copper, lead, zinc, silicon, gypsum, graphite, quartz sand, limestone, marble, and barite.[28] Its main agricultural resources arecitrus, tea, and aquatic products. Hydropower is the most important and renowned resource, asthe world's largest hydroelectric power station, Three Gorges Dam, generates 111.80 billion kWh per year.[29]
Located at the transition zone from the western Hubei mountains to theJianghan Plains, Yichang's geography features a mild climate, distinct seasons, and abundant rainfall. The main agricultural products in the Yichang region are citrus and tea because of the geography and climate. Due to the increase in urbanization levels and average income levels, along with a more developed supply chain and export market, there has been an expansion of the customer base for these products. Consequently, demand for high-value products such as premium citrus and tea is rapidly growing. In addition, Southeast Asia, the United States, and the Middle East are the main overseas markets of Yichang's citrus. In 2022, citrus was sold for 6,700 yuan ($960) per ton for exports.[30] The total output of tea in Yichang was 119,200 tons in 2023, and the agricultural production value reached 5.984 billion yuan.[31] From 2000 to 2022, the annual growth rate of citrus fruit production was 10.2%, and for tea was 12.8%.[32]
Yichang has rich tourism resources, which attract millions of visitors for its natural scenery located among mountains and rivers. In 2023, Yichang welcomed about 79 million visitors.[33] The most famous attractions include the Three Gorges Dam Tourist Area, Tribe of the Three Gorges, Qingjiang Gallery, Memorial Temple of Qu Yuan, Three Gorges Grand Waterfalls, and Xiling Gorge. The overall revenue from tourism was 110 billion yuan in 2023, which increased 44.5% from last year.[34]
Yichang's prefectures have many major hydroelectricity projects. The best known are the two huge dams on the Yangtze River: theGezhouba Dam (located just upstream of Yichang central city) andThree Gorges Dam, which is 40 kilometers (25 mi) upstream. TheGeheyan Dam andGaobazhou Dam on theQing River are important as well. Besides those, a huge number of medium-sized and small power plants operate on smaller rivers and streams within some prefectures.
These projects not only provide a stable and substantial source of renewable energy,but also play a crucial role in flood control,navigation improvement, and irrigation support for the surrounding regions.The Three Gorges Dam, in particular, is one of the largest hydroelectric power stations in the world and serves as a symbol of China’s engineering achievements.At the same time, the construction of large dams has brought about challenges such as ecological changes,relocation of local communities, and preservation of cultural heritage sites,making hydropower development in Yichang both a driver of modernization and a subject of ongoing debate.
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1996年，宜昌市面积21338平方千米，{...}2010年第六次人口普查，宜昌市常住总人口4059686人，其中：西陵区512074人，伍家岗区214194人，点军区103696人，猇亭区61230人，夷陵区520186人，远安县184532人，兴山县170630人，秭归县367107人，长阳土家族自治县388228人，五峰土家族自治县188923人，宜都市384598人，当阳市468293人，枝江市495995人。
统计用区划代码 名称 420501000000 市辖区 420502000000 西陵区 420503000000 伍家岗区 420504000000 点军区 420505000000 猇亭区 420506000000 夷陵区 420525000000 远安县 420526000000 兴山县 420527000000 秭归县 420528000000 长阳土家族自治县 420529000000 五峰土家族自治县 420581000000 宜都市 420582000000 当阳市 420583000000 枝江市
【行政区划】2016年，宜昌市辖13个县市区，即远安县、兴山县、秭归县、长阳土家族自治县、五峰土家族自治县、宜都市、枝江市、当阳市、夷陵区、西陵区、伍家岗区、点军区、猇亭区，共设20个乡、67个镇、23个街道。2016年，全市行政区划及其名称未作调整。
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