Yennieung
ㆁ
Usage
Writing system	Hangul
Type	Alphabet
Sound values	[ŋ]
In Unicode	U+3181, U+114C, U+11F0
Other
Korean name
Hangul	옛이응
RR	yennieung
MR	yenniŭng
This article containsphonetic transcriptions in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Yennieung (letter:ㆁ; name:옛이응) is an archaicconsonant letter of the Korean alphabet,Hangul. It was associated with anvoiced velar nasal[ŋ] sound.^[1] In Unicode, its name is spelledyesieung, following theISO/TR 11941 romanization system.^[2] The letter is no longer used in modernHangul orthographies. Its function gradually merged with that of the letterㅇ; that letter now fulfills both their previous roles.

It has a stroke on top, added fromㅇ, thenull or zero initial. The relationship between these two characters is considered to be unusual, as they are of differentsound classes of the Chinese linguistic systemfanqie. Normally, strokes between Hangul letters to relate characters within the same sound class. They were considered to be related because an initialng sound was a then-disappearing feature of the Chinese language. Ledyard argues thatㆁ is unlikely to have ever been useful as an initial consonant for Korean, as that language likely never had an initialng sound, and that it was mostly meant for representing Chinese.^[1] They were often confused, as they are so visually similar.^[3] In the 15th century, it was used in both as an initial and final consonant. It became final only at the start of the 16th century.^[4] By the 17th century, the two letters functionally merged intoㅇ.^[3]

• Ahn, Pyong-hi (2018) [2007].Studies in Hunminjeongeum. Translated by Jung, Ha-yun (English ed.).National Hangeul Museum.ISBN 979-11-89438-00-5.
• Kim-Renaud, Young-Key, ed. (1997).The Korean Alphabet: Its History and Structure.University of Hawai'i Press.ISBN 978-0-8248-1989-7.
  • Lee, Sang-Oak (1997b). "Graphical Ingenuity in the Korean Writing System: With New Reference to Calligraphy". InKim-Renaud (1997).
• Ledyard, Gari Keith (1998) [1966].The Korean Language Reform of 1446: The Origin, Background, and Early History of the Korean Alphabet. 신구문화사.
• Sampson, Geoffrey (1985).Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction. Stanford, California:Stanford University Press.ISBN 0-8047-1756-7 – viaInternet Archive.

• The dictionary definition ofㆁ at Wiktionary

• Hangul jamo
• Palaeographic letters

• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Articles containing Korean-language text
• Pages with plain IPA