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First Yemenite War

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(Redirected fromYemenite War of 1972)

Short military conflict between North and South Yemen

This article is about the First Yemenite War. For other civil wars in Yemen, seeYemeni War.

First Yemenite War

Part of theCold War and theArab Cold War

North & South Yemen

Date	26 September – 19 October 1972 (3 weeks and 2 days)
Location	North Yemen–South Yemen border
Result	Status quo ante bellum

Belligerents

North Yemen

South Yemen

Commanders and leaders

Abdul Rahman al-Eryani

Ali Abdullah Saleh

Ali Antar

v t e Internal conflicts inmodern Yemen
Al-Waziri coup Yemeni–Adenese clan violence North Yemen civil war Aden Emergency First Yemenite War NDF Rebellion Second Yemenite War South Yemen civil war Yemeni civil war (1994) Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen Houthi insurgency South Yemen insurgency Yemeni crisis Yemeni revolution Yemeni civil war (2014–present)

TheFirst Yemenite War was a short militaryconflict between theYemen Arab Republic (YAR; North Yemen) and thePeople's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY; South Yemen).^[1]

Background

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South Arabian League (SAL) rebels attacked positions in eastern South Yemen, arriving from Saudi Arabia on February 20, 1972.^[2] The rebels were defeated by South Yemen government troops on February 24, 1972, with some 175 rebels killed during the military hostilities.^[2] Prime MinisterAli Nasir Muhammad survived an assassination attempt by SAL rebels on May 22, 1972.^[2] Six persons were sentenced to death for plotting to overthrow the government on July 9, 1972.^[2] Saudi Arabia continued to oppose South Yemen and supported the Northern Yemeni troops in the upcoming struggle.

Conflict

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The war, initiated by North Yemen,^[3] started on 26 September 1972,^[3]^[4] the tenth anniversary of the start of theNorth Yemen Civil War.^[3] A force composed of members of different political groups and exiled tribesmen from South Yemen, equipped withAlvis Saladin armoured cars provided by Libya and artillery donated by the North Yemeni military, invaded South Yemen in the Qatabah area. In response, the South Yemenis brought several of their battalions to the area of the border with the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen). The South Yemeni air force (PDRYAF) also started bombing the areas invaded by the Northerners, and their military positions. Over the course of one such mission, on 30 September, a PDRYAFMiG-17 fighter was shot down and its pilot killed. In the end, South Yemeni counterattacks supported by air strikes caused over 200 casualties to the invaders, and recovered all of the lost territory. Overall, during the short war, the Southern military demonstrated its capability to run well-planned operations. Its logistics system proved adequate, and the air force's actions in ground-attack and supply missions were deemed effective.^[5] During the conflict, the Yemen Arab Republic (North) was supplied bySaudi Arabia,Jordan,Egypt,Iran, theUnited Kingdom and theUnited States and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South) by theSoviet Union,Czechoslovakia,Iraq,Libya andCuba.^[1]

Aftermath

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Cairo Agreement of 1972

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The fighting was short-lived; the war ended 23 days later, on 19 October,^[3] by aceasefire.^[3] This was followed by the Cairo Agreement of 28 October,^[3] which put forward a plan to unify the two countries in a "republican, national and democratic" state, based on "free and direct" elections.^[3]^[1]

Hostilities in late 1970s

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Main articles:NDF Rebellion andSecond Yemenite War

South Yemen instigated and funded a broad-based opposition movement in the north, theNational Democratic Front (NDF), during the mid-1970s.^[6]

References

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Notes

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^^a ^b ^cGause, Gregory,Saudi-Yemeni relations: domestic structures and foreign influence, Columbia University Press, 1990, page 98
^^a ^b ^c ^d"32. South Yemen (1967-1990)".
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gCouland, Jacques (1993)."Genèse et étapes de l'unité yéménite" [Genesis and stages of Yemeni unity](facsimile).Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (in French).67 (67):79–93.doi:10.3406/remmm.1993.1589. Retrieved18 December 2019.
^Lagadec, Jean (April 1974). "La fin du conflit yéménite" [The end of the Yemeni conflict].Revue française de science politique (in French).24 (2):344–355.doi:10.3406/rfsp.1974.418679.
^Cooper 2017, p. 37
^"Yemen - the age of imperialism | Britannica".

Bibliography

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Cooper, Tom (2017).Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 1: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1962-1994. Solihull, UK: Helion & Company Publishing.ISBN 978-1-912174-23-2.

v t e List of wars involvingSouth Yemen
Aden Emergency (1963–1967) Al-Wadiah War (1969) Yemenite War of 1972 (1972) Ethiopian Civil War (1974–1990) Lebanese Civil War (1976–1977) Ogaden War (1977–1978) Eritrean War of Independence (1977–1990) Yemenite War of 1979 (1979) South Yemeni crisis (1986) Yemeni Civil War (1994)

v t e List of wars involvingNorth Yemen
Saudi–Yemeni border skirmish (1931) Najran conflict (1931/32–1932) Saudi–Yemeni war (1934) First Arab–Israeli War (1948–1949) North Yemen civil war (1962–1970) Yemenite War of 1972 (1972) NDF Rebellion (1978–1982) Yemenite War of 1979 (1979)

South Yemen

People's Democratic Republic of Yemen

Timeline	1963:Aden Emergency 1967:British withdrawal from Aden 1968:The events of 20 March The events of 14 May FLOSY raids 1969:Corrective Move Al-Wadiah War 1972:Bayhan massacre First South Yemen-Oman border clashes First Yemenite War 1975:Second South Yemen-Oman border clashes 1978:Execution of Salim Rubaya Ali NDF Rebellion 1979:Second Yemenite War 1986:South Yemeni crisis 13 January assassinations 1990:Yemeni unification
Supreme People's Council	Constitution 1974 Family Law Heads of state Presidium Heads of government Minister of Foreign Affairs of South Yemen Foreign relations of South Yemen
Mass organisations	Democratic Yemeni Union of Peasants General Union of Yemeni Women
Armed forces	People's Defense Forces South Yemeni Navy South Yemeni Air Force South Yemeni Tank Corps

Yemeni Socialist Party

Leader

Qahtan al-Shaabi (1963–1969)
Abdul Fattah Ismail (1969–1980)
Ali Nasir Muhammad (1980–1986)
Ali Salem al-Beidh (1986–1990)

Deputy Leader

Salim Rubaya Ali (1975–1978)
Salim Saleh Muhammad (1986–1990)

Central Committee

Party meetings

Elected organs	Central Committee Central Auditing Commission
Congresses	1st (NF): 1965 2nd (NF): 1954 3rd (NF): 1959 4th (NF): 1969 5th (NF): 1972 6th (UPONF): 1975 1st (YSP): 1978 2nd (YSP): 1980 3rd (YSP): 1986

Elected by
Congress

Central Committee	1st (NF): 1965 2nd (NF): 1954 3rd (NF): 1959 4th (NF): 1969 5th (NF): 1972 6th (UPONF): 1975 1st (YSP): 1978 2nd (YSP): 1980 3rd (YSP): 1986
Central Auditing Commission	1st (NF): 1965 2nd (NF): 1954 3rd (NF): 1959 4th (NF): 1969 5th (NF): 1972 6th (UPONF): 1975 1st (YSP): 1978 2nd (YSP): 1980 3rd (YSP): 1986

Elected by the
Central Committee

Politburo	5th (NF): 1972–1975 6th (UPONF): 1975–1978 1st (YSP): 1978–1980 2nd (YSP): 1980–1986 3rd (YSP): 1986–1990
Secretariat	5th (NF): 1972–1975 6th (UPONF): 1975–1978 1st (YSP): 1978–1980 2nd (YSP): 1980–1986 3rd (YSP): 1986–1990
Control Commission	5th (NF): 1972–1975 6th (UPONF): 1975–1978 1st (YSP): 1978–1980 2nd (YSP): 1980–1986 3rd (YSP): 1986–1990

Predecessors

Yemen articles

History

Timeline Islamic history
Ancient history	Awsan Sheba Africa Hadhramaut Qataban Ma'in Himyar Axumite Sasanian
Modern	Kingdom Saudi–Yemeni War Alwaziri coup Arab Republic 26 September Revolution People's Democratic Republic 14 October Revolution South Yemen civil war Yemenite Wars 1972 1979 Unification 1994 Civil War Sa'dah Wars Crisis (2011–present) Revolution Ongoing civil war Saudi–led intervention blockade Takeover Aftermath Famine cholera outbreak Red Sea crisis COVID-19

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Outline

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Organizations

Propaganda

Pro-communist	Active measures Izvestia Neues Deutschland Pravda Radio Moscow Rudé právo Trybuna Ludu TASS Soviet Life
Pro-Western	Amerika Crusade for Freedom Paix et Liberté Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Red Scare Voice of America

Technological
competition

Historians

Espionage and
intelligence

See also

v t e List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
1910s	World War I Italo-Turkish War Middle Eastern theatre Battle of Robat Karim Arab Revolt Armenian genocide Assyrian genocide Mount Lebanon starvation Unification of Saudi Arabia Simko Shikak revolt 1919 Egyptian revolution Turkish War of Independence Anglo-Turkish War Al-Jazeera Front Greco-Turkish War Turkish–Armenian War Franco-Turkish War Revolts United States Mahmud Barzanji revolts
1920s	Franco-Syrian War Iraqi Revolt (1920) Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 1922 Dhabyani coup d'état Adwan Rebellion Arab separatism in Khuzestan Great Syrian Revolt 1926 Dhabyani coup d'état 1928 Dhabyani coup d'état Sheikh Said rebellion
1930s	Ararat rebellion Ahmed Barzani revolt Simele massacre Saudi–Yemeni war (1934) Goharshad Mosque rebellion 1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts 1935 Yazidi revolt 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine Dersim rebellion
1940s	World War II Italian bombing of Palestine Allied invasion of Iraq Syria–Lebanon campaign Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 1943 Barzani revolt Al-Waziri coup Al-Wathbah uprising Kurdish separatism in Iran Iran crisis of 1946 Arab–Israeli conflict 1948 Arab–Israeli War Suez Crisis 1967 Six-Day War 1973 Yom Kippur War 1982 Lebanon War
1950s	Buraimi dispute 1952 Egyptian revolution 1953 Iranian coup d'état Jebel Akhdar War Cyprus Emergency Suez Crisis Yemeni–Adenese clan violence 1958 Lebanon crisis 1958 Iraqi revolution 1959 Mosul uprising
1960s	Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict First Iraqi–Kurdish War Second Iraqi–Kurdish War Dhofar rebellion North Yemen civil war Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup Mar. 1963 Syrian coup Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup Aden Emergency 1964 Hama riot Israeli–Palestinian conflict 1948 Palestine war First Intifada Second Intifada 1965 Sharjawi coup d'état 1966 Syrian coup d'état 1966 Dhabyani coup d'état 1969 Saudi Arabian coup attempt
1970s	Black September in Jordan 1972 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt Yemenite War of 1972 Turkish invasion of Cyprus Shatt al-Arab clashes Lebanese Civil War Political violence in Turkey Islamist uprising in Syria 1977 Shia uprising in Iraq NDF Rebellion Yemenite War of 1979 Iranian revolution Consolidation of the Iranian revolution 1979 Qatif Uprising Grand Mosque seizure 1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
1980s	Iran–Iraq War 1980 Turkish coup d'état Kurdish–Turkish conflict Turkey–PKK conflict South Yemen civil war 1986 Egyptian conscripts riot 1986 Damascus bombings 1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt Mecca massacre Abu Nidal's executions
1990s	Gulf War (1990–1991) 1991 Iraqi uprisings Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s) Yemeni civil war (1994) Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present) Operation Desert Fox al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
2000s	Iraq War Balochi insurgency in Iran 2004 Qamishli riots Houthi insurgency in Yemen Iran–Israel proxy conflict 2006 Lebanon War Fatah–Hamas conflict South Yemen insurgency
2010s	2011 Bahraini uprising Egyptian Crisis Sinai insurgency Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present) Syrian civil war Turkish involvement in Syria Syrian War spillover in Lebanon Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) War in Iraq (2013–2017) Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) Yemeni crisis Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
2020s	2021 Beirut clashes Gaza war Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present) Red Sea crisis 2024 Iran–Israel conflict Iran–Israel war
This list includesWorld War I and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.