Yazlovets Язловець | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 The palace | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Yazlovets Location of Yazlovets in Ternopil Oblast Show map of Ternopil Oblast Yazlovets Yazlovets (Ukraine) Show map of Ukraine | |
| Coordinates:48°57′41″N25°26′42″E / 48.96139°N 25.44500°E /48.96139; 25.44500 | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Province |  Ternopil Oblast |
| District | Chortkiv Raion |
| First mentioned | 15th century |
| Population | |
• Total | 600 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Yazlovets (Ukrainian:Язловець,romanized: Yazlovets;Polish:Jazłowiec) is a village inChortkiv Raion,Ternopil Oblast,Ukraine. It is aRoman Catholic pilgrimage centre of local significance. The village belongs to theBuchach urban hromada.[1] It lies on the Vilchivchik river, a tributary of theStrypa and is located 16 km south ofBuchach and presently has around 600 inhabitants. From 1947-91, it was known asYablunivka. Apart from the ruined fortifications, there is little sign now that in the 15th and 16th centuries this was a thriving trading centre, on major international mercantile routes between theBlack Sea andNorthern Europe, and host to multiple merchant families of diverse ethnicities and religions. It was an instance of a privately owned settlement, such as wasZamość in Poland. The city's square has been entirely obliterated.[2][3]
From 1340 until the firstpartition of Poland (1772), Jazłowiec belonged to theKingdom of Poland, as part ofRed Ruthenia and was later absorbed within thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, before it was annexed by theAustrian Empire and returning toPoland in 1918 until the 1939 simultaneous invasion and partition of Poland by Soviet and Nazi German rule. In 1946 it was part of theSoviet Union and since 1991 it has been inUkraine.
The earliest written record of Jazłowiec, or Yazlovets, dates from the 15th century, as the property of the Jazłowieckiszlachta family, a branch of the Buczacki family from the neighbouring town ofBuczacz. In 1406 kingWładysław II Jagiełło presented Jazłowiec to starostaDziersław Konopka, who under pressure from theGrand Duchy of Lithuania, in the person ofWitold Kiejstutowicz, ceded the domain toTeodoric Buczacki Jazłowiecki.[4] According to other sources, Jazłowiec passed in 1417 into the possession of theBuczacki family.[5] The owners of Yazlovets are noted in history for their contribution to the defence of Christendom against Turkish invasions. The fortress whose extensive remnants dominate the village, was erected in the 16th century by the ProtestantJerzy Jazłowiecki, later extended by his Catholic son,Mikołaj Jazłowiecki.[2] From at least the 17th century, Jazłowiec had its own Jewish community which lasted untilThe Holocaust.[3]
During the 16th century, a stone church dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and a monastery of theDominican Order were built. In 1615 the Jazlowiecki family issued privileges encouragingArmenian refugees fromCrimea to settle in the town, as happened inKamieniec Podolski (now Kamianets-Podilskyi), since the community brought in increased trade and hence income to the locality. Next to the city ofLwów, Jazłowiec became temporarily the second bishopric of theArmenian community in Poland.[3] By 1708 Jazłowiec was the centre of several different religiousvicariates. There were: the Catholic church of the Nativity, the Armenian church of Saint Nicholas and theOrthodox church ofSaint Elias.[6]
1644-1659 saw the extension of the fortress byHetmanStanisław Koniecpolski and his son,Aleksander, to whom theSejm of 1658 granted the right of collecting customs charges for maintaining an armed garrison.[7]
The town's prosperity lasted until 1672, when it was captured and occupied by theOttomans for ten years, (seePolish–Ottoman War (1672–76)). It was nominally ruled by Ottomans between 1684-1699 and contested by Poles and Turks during this period. Administratively, it became aSanjak known as "Yazlofça" in thePodolia Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire, under thenahiyahs of Yazlofça,Çortkuv andKaşperofça.[8] Jazłowiec returned to Poland after theTreaty of Karlowitz in 1699.
In 1718, thePauline Fathers were invited to the town. In 1746 the town was acquired byStanisław Poniatowski who built the extant palace on the lower ramparts of the fortress and probably used them as building material for his elegant project.[2] For the next thirty years it was the seat of thePoniatowski family and was the place where the future and last elected monarch of theRepublic of Two Nations,Stanisław August Poniatowski, spent part of his childhood.[9][10] In 1766, as the then king and owner of the town, Stanisław August Poniatowski confirmed the town's rights as had been conferred earlier by hisfather and older brother.[11][12] In 1772, the town was politically "detached" fromPoland, and occupied underAustrian rule, the policies ofEmperor Joseph II led to the closure of both monasteries. In 1810, the ruined Armenian church was restored and given to the town's Ukrainian community and consecrated toSaint Nicholas. The palace and its estate changed hands several times in the early part of the 19th century.[2]
_Synagogue.jpg)
The nearby fortified town of Buczacz, 13 kilometres to the north of Jazłowiec, was an important centre of Jewish life and scholarship for four centuries or more, since 1572.[13] Jazłowiec's own community dates its Jewish cemetery to the 18th century. UnderGalicia, in 1880, the population of the town's Jews had risen to 1,642. After the conflicts and border changes of the early 20th century, it had fallen in 1921 to 474.[14]In 1941 the Germans invaded the Soviet partition of Poland. A ghetto had been established in Buczacz in 1942. In November of that year, about 8,000 Jews from surrounding townships, including those from Jazłowiec, were rounded up and settled in Buccacz. On February 2, 1943, 2,000 Jews from there were executed, 500 more were killed on June 11 with one thousand exterminated on June 26 of that year. In March 1944, after the German troops had left, 800 Jews remained in the area. However, the German army later returned and murdered most of those who had emerged from their hideouts.[13]
In 1863, Krzysztof Błażowski donated his palace and estate to the Polish noblewoman, widow and mystic,Marcelina Darowska, for the establishment there of a convent for her religious order, theCongregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and a girlssecondary school and other educational provision for the local population.[2] The Sisters swiftly established the boarding school in Jazłowiec itself, for the children of wealthy families and which was attended by Darowska's own daughter, Karolina.[15] A network of rural elementary schools was also set up. A statue ofMary the Immaculate, ofCarrara marble commissioned by Darowska from Tomasz Oskar Sosnowski in Rome was completed in 1882. It was consecrated in by archbishop, now SaintZygmunt Feliński in 1883 in the convent chapel. In 1893 the priest appointed to the Catholic parish of St. Anne in Jazłowiec and to be chaplain to the order and the school wasAdam Sapieha (1867-1951), future cardinal andArchbishop of Kraków (1911-1951) and Senator of the Sejm.[16]
In 1939, due to the great devotion elicited by it, the statue was crowned by the Cardinal Primate of Poland,August Hlond, with a crown blessed byPope Pius XII.[17]
DuringWorld War I Jazłowiec was heavily damaged by Russian troops in 1916. in November 1918, after the formation of theWest Ukrainian People's Republic (ZUNR), Yazlovets became part of theZUNR. Between 11–13 July 1919 a three-day-long battle was fought for the town by Poles and Ukrainians locked in afratricidal conflict, each trying to secure their statehood. The battle against units of theUkrainian Galician Army was won by the Poles. Until theInvasion of Poland in September 1939, Jazłowiec belonged toTarnopol Voivodeship,Poland.
To commemorate the Polish victory in 1919, the 14th Uhlan Regiment of thePolish Army, stationed in the interwar period inLwów (Lviv), was called the14th Regiment of Jazlowiec Uhlans.[18] Following the 1939Soviet Invasion of Poland, the region fell under Soviet rule with the outbreak ofWorld War II.
In 1945, the town was downgraded to the status of a village and renamedYablunivka, (or Yablonovka in Russian), and most of its Polish residents wereforcibly deported for resettlement in the so-calledRecovered Territories in Western Poland. The convent was closed by the communist invaders in 1946. Following the collapse of theSoviet Union and the emergence of independentUkraine after half a century, its earlier Ukrainian name was restored and the convent was revived. In 1946 for security, the marble statue of theVirgin mary was moved, with the help of Soviet troops, to the new Polish border and thence taken to another convent of the order inSzymanów, about 20 km from the Polish capital ofWarsaw, where it remains, but a faithful copy has been placed in Yazlovets.
._Grobowiec_s.s._niepokalanek._Gr%25C3%25B3b_b%25C5%2582._Marceliny_Darowskiej.jpg)
After the beatification of Marcelina Darowska byPope John Paul II in 1996, the chapel of the Sisters in Yazlovets was proclaimed a Sanctuary of Blessed Marcelina Darowska on September 1, 1999 by theLatin RiteMetropolitan ofLviv,CardinalMarian Jaworski.[19]
Until 18 July 2020, Yazlovets belonged toBuchach Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Buchach Raion was merged into Chortkiv Raion.[20][21]
 | This sectionneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Yazlovets" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(September 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
.JPG)
.PNG)
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)