Yavoriv Яворів Jaworów | |
|---|---|
 Town hall | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Yavoriv  Yavoriv | |
| Coordinates:49°56′49″N23°23′35″E / 49.94694°N 23.39306°E /49.94694; 23.39306 | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Lviv Oblast |
| Raion | Yavoriv Raion |
| Hromada | Yavoriv urban hromada |
| First mentioned | 1436 |
| Magdeburg law | 1569 |
| Area | |
• Total | 23.35 km2 (9.02 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 296 m (971 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 12,785 |
| • Density | 550/km2 (1,400/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 81000 |
| Area code | +380-3259 |
Yavoriv (Ukrainian:Яворів,IPA:[ˈjɑworiu̯]ⓘ;Polish:Jaworów;Yiddish:יאַוואָראָוו,romanized: Yavorov;German:Jaworiw) is acity inLviv Oblast, westernUkraine. It is situated about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from thePolish border. It serves as the administrative centre ofYavoriv Raion and is situated approximately 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of the oblast capital,Lviv. Yavoriv hosts the administration ofYavoriv urban hromada, one of thehromadas of Ukraine.[1] Its population is approximately12,785 (2022 estimate).[2]
Not far from it is the watering-place ofShklo withsulphur springs.[3]
The town was first mentioned in written documents in 1436. It receivedMagdeburg rights in 1569, from Polish KingSigismund II Augustus. Jaworów was aroyal town of Poland. It was a favorite residence of kingJohn III Sobieski.[3] In 1675 John III signed the Polish-FrenchTreaty of Jaworów in the town,[4] and there he also received the congratulations from the Pope on hissuccess against the Turks at Vienna (1683),[3] and ratified the formation of theHoly League alliance in 1684.[5] In 1711,Francis II Rákóczi, Hungarian national hero who found refuge in Poland after the fall of theRákóczi's War of Independence againstAustria, visited the town.[6]
Until theFirst Partition of Poland, Jaworów was an important center of commerce, located along main merchant route fromJarosław toLwów. In 1772 it was annexed by theHabsburg Empire, and included within newly formed AustrianGalicia, where it remained until late 1918. In Galicia, it was the seat of a county, with the population of almost 11,000 (Poles, Jews, Ukrainians and Czechs).
In the immediate post-World War I period, the area of Jaworów witnessed fights of thePolish-Ukrainian War. After the war, the town became part of theSecond Polish Republic, where it remained until the joint German-Sovietinvasion of Poland, which startedWorld War II, in September 1939. The Jews of the village were merchants or artisans. There was a synagogue.
During the invasion of Poland, on 14-16 September 1939, Poles defeated invading Germans in theBattle of Jaworów. Despite the victory, the town soon fell to the Soviets, and was underSoviet occupation from 1939 to 1941, and then under German occupation until 1944.
The Jewish population before the German occupation on 26 June 1941 was around 3000.[citation needed] Several hundred Jews were sent to localforced labor camps or to theBelzec extermination camp.[citation needed] A few were transferred to a labour camp inLviv.[7][better source needed]
In 1944 the town was re-occupied by the Soviets, and in 1945 it was eventually annexed from Poland by theSoviet Union.
After the war, the Soviet Extraordinary State Commission reported that more than 4900 people, most of them Jews, had been killed in Yavoriv, in addition to those sent to Bełżec. Only about 20 of the town's Jews were thought to have survived.[8]
On 27 May 1947the UPA blew up the statue of Lenin.[9]
In the decades between the 1960s and 1990s the town was asulphurmining centre;[10] excavation pits and degenerated lands remain between Yavoriv andNovoiavorivsk.[10]
On 10 December 1991 after thedissolution of the Soviet Union it became part ofUkraine.
On 13 March 2022, during theRussian invasion of Ukraine, the Russiansbombedthe military base in Yavoriv. A Russian defence military spokesperson, Maj. Gen. Igor Konashenkov, claimed the attack killed up to 180 foreign mercenaries.[11] The Ukrainian side claimed there were at least 35 dead and 134 injured.[12][13][14] The attack was heard in neighbouring Poland.[15]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1921 | 8,910 | — |
| 1931 | 10,690 | +20.0% |
| 2022 | 12,785 | +19.6% |
| Source:[16] | ||
Distribution of the population by ethnicity according to the2001 census:
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Distribution of the population by native language according to the2001 census:[18]
| Language | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Ukrainian | 12 880 | 96.95% |
| Russian | 358 | 2.69% |
| Other or undecided | 47 | 0.36% |
| Total | 13 285 | 100.00 % |
Among notable people born here are the Russian OrthodoxStefan Yavorsky (1658–1722), an archbishop and the first president of theMost Holy Synod; the poetOsyp Makovei (1867–1925), the Polish literary historian, editor and bibliographerLudwik Bernacki (1882–1939) the bishopVasyl Tuchapets of the newly created Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.Władysław Langner (General of thePolish Army), Stanisław Nowakowski (president of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association), and mathematicianWawrzyniec Żmurko. Noted Jewish commentator RabbiDavid Altschuler was born or served asrabbi at the local synagogue.[19][20]
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Yavoriv istwinned with:
| City | Country | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Jarosław |  Poland | 2006 |
| Węgorzewo | Poland | |
| Lubaczów | Poland | |
| Havant |  United Kingdom | |
| Trakai |  Lithuania |
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Jaworów".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 294.
