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General Motors 54° V6
Overview
Manufacturer	General Motors
Also called	Ellesmere V6
Production	1994–2004
Layout
Configuration	54°V6
Displacement	2.5 L; 152.4 cu in (2,498 cc) 2.6 L; 158.5 cu in (2,597 cc) 3.0 L; 180.8 cu in (2,962 cc) 3.2 L; 193.8 cu in (3,175 cc)
Cylinder bore	81.6 mm (3.21 in) 83.2 mm (3.28 in) 86 mm (3.39 in) 87.5 mm (3.44 in)
Piston stroke	79.6 mm (3.13 in) 85 mm (3.35 in) 88 mm (3.46 in)
Cylinder block material	Cast iron
Cylinder head material	Aluminium
Valvetrain	DOHC4 valves × cyl.
Compression ratio	10.0:1, 10.8:1, 11.5:1
RPM range
Idle speed	450–1,030
Max. engine speed	6,600
Combustion
Turbocharger	Garrett GT15 (in 1997–2003Saab 9-5)
Fuel system	Sequential multi-port fuel injection
Management	BoschMotronic 2.8 SaabTrionic T7
Fuel type	Gasoline
Oil system	Wet sump
Cooling system	Water-cooled
Output
Power output	168–220 bhp (125–164 kW; 170–223 PS)
Torque output	227–310 N⋅m (167–229 lb⋅ft)
Emissions
Emissions control systems	Secondary air injection,EGR Valve
Chronology
Predecessor	Opel CIH
Successor	High Feature V6

General Motors'Opel subsidiary in Europe designed a compactV6 engine with an unusual 54° vee angle. It was an iron block/aluminum headDOHC design with four valves per cylinder. All 54° engines were assembled atEllesmere Port inEngland.

In the early 1990s, Opel identified the need for a modern, lightweight, and compact power plant to replace its agingstraight-six engine range. These engines have acast-ironengine block withcastaluminium alloycylinder heads. The cylinder heads containfour valves per cylinder actuated bydual overhead camshafts which are driven by atiming belt. These engines, however, differed from many modernV6 engines in that it has a 54-degreecylinder bank angle as opposed to the more conventional 60-degree or 90-degree setup. This added to the engines' compactness which was needed to allow its use infront-wheel-drive applications, as well asrear-wheel-drivecars. Other features of these engines included an oil-to-waterheat exchanger mounted within the V of the engine block,BoschMotronicengine management system with fullsequential fuel injection, knock control on each bank,Distributorless Ignition System (DIS), and closed-looplambda sensor control.

Minor changes were made to the unit during its production, including an upratedoil pump around mid-1997, with the addition of larger oilways in the head machining (T-vents), and modifiedvalve lifters to reduce top-end valve noise, at which point thecam belt arrangement also changed with the lower idler moving. Around 1998, the spin-on metal canisteroil filter was changed to a disposable paper element.

The engine was reworked substantially in 2000 in order to meet increasing emissions requirements, with the 2.5L and 3.0L being replaced by lower-compression 2.6L and 3.2L units. While displacement was changed the bore centers and deck height were retained. These later power plants had a revised engine management system setup, which used quadlambda sensor control, coil-per-plugignition system anddrive-by-wire throttles. As a result of these changes, the EGR and secondary air injection system were removed.

In its 3.0 L form, this engine was notable for recalls of all units installed inCadillac Cateras due totiming belt tensioner bearing failures, which could cause catastrophic damage to the engine because of itsinterference design.

TheC25XE orB258I has an 81.6 mm × 79.6 mm (3.21 in × 3.13 in) bore and stroke which displaces 2.5 L; 152.4 cu in (2,498 cc). It produces aDeutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) rated output of 125 kW (170 PS; 168 bhp) @ 6,000 rpm, and generates 227 N⋅m (167 lb⋅ft) @ 3,200 rpm of torque. It was introduced in theOpel Vectra/Vauxhall Cavalier (both codenamed "Vectra-A") andOpel/Vauxhall Calibra. It features a BoschMotronic 2.8.1 engine management system (Omega), with later examples featuring M2.8.3 (Calibra 1994, Vectra 1995) and a compression ratio of 10.8:1.

For 1994, in order to meet more stringent emissions requirements, asecondary air injection system and anEGR valve were added to theC25XE and it became theX25XE. The exception being the 1997 Calibras, which due to unavailability ofC25XE engine blocks, were produced using theX25XE block but without modifications to the top end of the engine, and without addition of EGR. TheX25XE also benefitted from a higher-volume oil pump.Firing order is 1-2-3-4-5-6.

The breakdown of the engine name^[1] is as follows:

• X – Exhaust emissions level: 94/12/EC, stage 2
• 25 – Displacement: 2.5 litres
• X – Compression ratio: 10.0–11.5:1
• E – Mixture system: Injection

Applications:

• Holden VS Commodore (export only)
• 1993–1997Opel Calibra
• 1994–2000Opel Omega B^[2]
• 1993–1995Opel Vectra A
• 1995–2000Opel Vectra B
• 1993–1998Saab 900
• 1993–1995Vauxhall Cavalier

A special edition of theX25XE was worked by Motor Sports Developments (MSD); which includes reprofiledcamshafts, giving the engine an increase of 24 bhp (18 kW; 24 PS).^{[citation needed]} This engine appeared in two special editionVauxhall Vectras: first the Vectra ST200 (not the normal SuperTouring), and then the Vectra 2.5 GSi V6.^[3]

Applications:

• Vauxhall Vectra ST200
• Vauxhall Vectra 2.5 GSi

TheX30XE,L81,B308I, orB308E has a 86 mm × 85 mm (3.39 in × 3.35 in) bore and stroke which displaces 3.0 L; 180.8 cu in (2,962 cc) with a compression ratio between 9.5:1 and 10.8:1. The naturally-aspirated version of the engine produces between 170 PS (168 hp; 125 kW), 177 PS (175 hp; 130 kW), and 210 PS (207 hp; 154 kW) @ 6,000 rpm with 184 lb⋅ft (249 N⋅m) to 199 lb⋅ft (270 N⋅m) @ 3,400 rpm. TheB308E is a slightly modifiedX30XE used in theSaab 9-5. Engine management systems are Bosch Motronic M2.8.1, and later (approx. 2000) M2.8.3. Firing order is 1-2-3-4-5-6.

• X – Exhaust emissions level: 94/12/EC, stage 2
• 30 – Displacement: 3.0 litres
• X – Compression ratio: 10.0–11.5:1
• E – Mixture system: Injection

Applications:

• 1997–2001Cadillac Catera
• 1996–2000Opel Sintra
• 1994–2000Opel Omega
• 1995–1997Saab 9000
• 2000–2005Saturn L-Series
• 2002–2003Saturn Vue

For 1997,Saab introduced aturbocharged version called theB308E for its9-5 model. The engine produced 200 hp (149 kW; 203 PS) at 5000 rpm and 229 lb⋅ft (310 N⋅m) of torque at 2500–4000 rpm. The engine was unique in that it used asymmetrical turbocharging, with the turbocharger driven by the exhaust gases from only one bank of cylinders. A charge pressure of 3.6 psi (0.25 bar) was produced using aGarrett GT15 turbo. The engine was equipped with a special version ofSaab Direct Ignition and used theTrionic T7 engine management system. This turbocharged version of the engine weighs 195 kg (430 lb).

Applications:

• 1997–2003Saab 9-5

TheY26SE orLY9 engine has a displacement of 2.6 L; 158.5 cu in (2,597 cc) with a bore and stroke of 83.2 mm × 79.6 mm (3.28 in × 3.13 in), developing a maximum power output of 134 kW (180 hp) and 240 N⋅m (177 lb⋅ft) of torque with a 10.0:1 compression ratio.

Applications:

• Opel Omega B
• Opel Vectra B
• Cadillac CTS (Europe)

The 3.2 L; 193.8 cu in (3,175 cc)LA3 orY32SE is a complete redesign of the L81 for theCadillac CTS andOpel Omega B.^{[citation needed]} It had fixed (non-variable) valve timing, and avariable length intake manifold. The engine has a 87.5 mm × 88 mm (3.44 in × 3.46 in) bore and stroke with a 10.0:1 compression ratio. This engine produced 220 hp (164 kW; 223 PS) at 6000 rpm and 220 lb⋅ft (298 N⋅m) at 3400 rpm. Production started in July 2001, but the engine was replaced by the newGM High Feature engine starting in 2004.

Applications:

• 2003–2004Cadillac CTS
• Opel Omega B
• Opel Vectra C
• Opel Signum

TheZ32SE is a Y32SE modified for compliance withEuro 4 emissions standards. It has a 10.0:1 compression ratio and 155 kW (208 hp) and 310 N⋅m (229 lb⋅ft).

Applications:

• Opel Vectra C
• Opel Signum

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