| Xiapu | |
|---|---|
| 霞浦話 | |
| Native to | SouthernChina |
| Region | Xiapu,Ningde,Fujian |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-ibe |
| This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. | |
TheXiapu dialect (Chinese:霞浦話;pinyin:Xiápǔ huà;Bàng-uâ-cê:Hà-puō-uâ) is a dialect ofEastern MinChinese spoken inXiapu,Ningde in northeasternFujian province ofChina.
The Xiapu dialect has 15 initials, 43 rimes and 7 tones.
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m 蒙 | n 日 | ŋ 語 | |||
| Stop | Aspirated | pʰ 波 | tʰ 他 | kʰ 氣 | ||
| Tenuis | p 邊 | t 低 | k 求 | ʔ 鶯 | ||
| Fricative | (β) | θ 時 | (ʒ) | x 喜 | ||
| Affricate | Aspirated | ʦʰ 出 | ||||
| Tenuis | ʦ 曾 | |||||
| Lateral | l 柳 | |||||
| a | ia | ua | ai | au | uai |
| aŋ | iaŋ | uaŋ | aiŋ | ɔuŋ | |
| aʔ | iaʔ | uaʔ | aiʔ | ɔuʔ | |
| ɛ,ɔ | ɛu | ||||
| ɔʔ | |||||
| e,o | ø | oi | eu | ||
| eiŋ,ouŋ | yoŋ | ||||
| eiʔ,ouʔ | øʔ,yoʔ | ||||
| u | iu | ui | |||
| uŋ | yuŋ | ||||
| uʔ | yuʔ | ||||
| i,y | |||||
| iŋ | |||||
| iʔ |
| No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tone name | dark level 陰平 | light level 陽平 | rising 上聲 | dark departing 陰去 | light departing 陽去 | dark entering 陰入 | light entering 陽入 |
| Tone contour | ˦ (44) | ˨ (22) | ˦˨ (42) | ˧˥ (35) | ˨˩˨ (212) | ˥ (5) | ˨ (2) |
The two-syllable initialassimilation rules are shown in the table below:
| The Coda of the Former Syllable | The Initial Assimilation of the Latter Syllable |
|---|---|
| Null coda or/-ʔ/ |
|
| /-ŋ/ |
|
| /-k̚/ | All initials remain unchanged. |
The two-syllabletonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below:
| the second syllable | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the first syllable | dark level 44 | light level 22 | rising 42 | dark departing 35 | light departing 212 | dark entering 5 | light entering 2 | |
| dark departing 35 | 55 | 51 | ||||||
| dark entering 5 | ||||||||
| rising 42 | 51 | 5 | ||||||
| dark level 44 | 44 | |||||||
| light departing 212 | ||||||||
| light entering 2 | ||||||||
| light level 22 | 22 | |||||||
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