Xianning 咸宁市 Sienning, Hsien-ning | |
|---|---|
 Xianning Media Tower | |
.png) Location of Xianning City jurisdiction in Hubei | |
  Xianning Location of the city centre in Hubei | |
| Coordinates (Xianning municipal government):29°50′29″N114°19′21″E / 29.8414°N 114.3226°E /29.8414; 114.3226 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hubei |
| Municipal seat | Xian'an District |
| Area | |
| 9,750 km2 (3,760 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 1,504 km2 (581 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,504 km2 (581 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| 2,658,316 | |
| • Density | 270/km2 (710/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 657,590 |
| • Urban density | 440/km2 (1,100/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 657,590 |
| • Metro density | 440/km2 (1,100/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 103.0 billion US$ 16.5 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 41,234 US$ 6,620 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 437000 |
| Area code | 0715 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-HB-12 |
| Licence plate prefixes | 鄂L |
| Website | xianning |
Xianning (simplified Chinese:咸宁;traditional Chinese:咸寧/咸甯;pinyin:Xiánníng) is aprefecture-level city in southeasternHubei province, People's Republic of China, borderingJiangxi to the southeast andHunan to the southwest. It is known as the "City ofOsmanthus".
Xianning is located in southeastern Hubei province, just south ofWuhan, between the southern bank of theYangtze River in the north and theMufu Mountains in the south. The land spans 113°32′-114°58′ east longitude and 29°02′-30°19′ north latitude.[3] It bordersJiangxi to the southeast andHunan to the southwest. It is called Hubei's southern gateway. Xianning is hilly and mountainous (especially in its southern part), with some flatlands (mostly in the north) and lakes. It was home to 2,462,583 inhabitants as of the 2010 census whom 512,517 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Xia'nan District.At the end of 2023 and the beginning of 2024, the permanent population will be 2.6084 million.[4] Its area is 1,504 square kilometres (581 sq mi), 56% of which is forested.[citation needed]. Its proximity to Wuhan is transforming the city into an outer suburb of the Hubei's capital.
Xianning has ahumid subtropical climate (KöppenCfa). The climate is mild, with abundant precipitation, sufficient sunshine, four distinct seasons, rain and heat in the same season, and a long frost-free period.[5] The normal monthly mean temperature ranges from 4.6 °C (40.3 °F) in January to 29.2 °C (84.6 °F) in July; the annual mean temperature is 17.22 °C (63.0 °F) and annual precipitation is just below 1,600 millimetres (63.0 in).[6]
| Climate data for Xianning, elevation 99 m (325 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24.2 (75.6) | 29.0 (84.2) | 34.7 (94.5) | 35.7 (96.3) | 37.4 (99.3) | 38.6 (101.5) | 41.5 (106.7) | 41.7 (107.1) | 40.1 (104.2) | 39.4 (102.9) | 32.2 (90.0) | 25.8 (78.4) | 41.7 (107.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) | 11.4 (52.5) | 17.5 (63.5) | 23.2 (73.8) | 27.4 (81.3) | 30.1 (86.2) | 33.4 (92.1) | 33.2 (91.8) | 28.9 (84.0) | 23.4 (74.1) | 17.3 (63.1) | 11.2 (52.2) | 22.1 (71.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.4 (39.9) | 6.9 (44.4) | 12.2 (54.0) | 17.6 (63.7) | 22.1 (71.8) | 25.4 (77.7) | 28.5 (83.3) | 28.1 (82.6) | 23.9 (75.0) | 18.3 (64.9) | 12.3 (54.1) | 6.4 (43.5) | 17.2 (62.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) | 3.6 (38.5) | 8.1 (46.6) | 13.2 (55.8) | 18.0 (64.4) | 21.8 (71.2) | 24.9 (76.8) | 24.3 (75.7) | 20.3 (68.5) | 14.6 (58.3) | 8.7 (47.7) | 2.8 (37.0) | 13.5 (56.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −6.7 (19.9) | −7.7 (18.1) | −2.2 (28.0) | 2.3 (36.1) | 9.0 (48.2) | 12.6 (54.7) | 19.4 (66.9) | 18.4 (65.1) | 10.8 (51.4) | 2.3 (36.1) | −2.5 (27.5) | −10.7 (12.7) | −10.7 (12.7) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 74.8 (2.94) | 90.8 (3.57) | 137.9 (5.43) | 187.6 (7.39) | 202.0 (7.95) | 244.4 (9.62) | 251.0 (9.88) | 153.8 (6.06) | 91.7 (3.61) | 77.7 (3.06) | 79.4 (3.13) | 49.7 (1.96) | 1,640.8 (64.6) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.1 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 13.9 | 14.2 | 14.0 | 13.3 | 12.5 | 9.4 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 9.3 | 146.8 |
| Average snowy days | 4.7 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 9.4 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 78 | 77 | 76 | 75 | 76 | 80 | 77 | 79 | 78 | 76 | 77 | 75 | 77 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 85.7 | 86.1 | 104.7 | 132.1 | 144.2 | 135.5 | 189.8 | 182.8 | 146.3 | 136.4 | 119.9 | 115.1 | 1,578.6 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 26 | 27 | 28 | 34 | 34 | 32 | 45 | 45 | 40 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 35 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[6][7] | |||||||||||||
The word "Xianning" comes from the "Book of Changes" "The first common people come out, all nations are in Xianning", which means happiness and peace in all parts of the world.[3] Xianning was under the jurisdiction of Nanjun County during theQin dynasty. At the end of theHan dynasty, Xianning became a strategic point where conflict occurred; Xianning is a likely site for theBattle of Red Cliffs. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the jurisdiction belonged to Wuchang Prefecture. In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), Tongshan belonged to the Second Administrative Supervision District of Hubei Province, and other counties belonged to the First Administrative Supervision District.[8] During theCultural Revolution, it was an important area for the Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi Revolutionary Bases.[9]
Xianning has 1district, 4counties, 1county-level city and 1 other area.[10][11][12][13]
District:
Counties:
City:
Other Area:
| Map |
|---|
 Advanced Technology Industry Area |
As of the2020 Chinese census, Xianning has a total population of 2,658,316 people, of whom 657,590 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Xian'an District. Most of the inhabitants of Xianning areHan; only 4,785 are from other ethnic groups includingHui,Tujia,Zhuang,Miao,Manchu, andDong. The place with the largest ethnic minority population is in Chibi City.[citation needed]
Agriculture and forestry are two of Xianning's biggest industries. It is known by the three names, "City of Osmanthus", "City of Nan Bamboo", and "City of Tea". There are more than 1 millionmu (~151,822 English acres) of "Nan" Bamboo, 30,000 Chinese acres of osmanthus, and more than 150,000 Chinese acres of tea.[citation needed]
Mineral resources are also an important part of Xianning's economy.Niobium, gold,magnesium,antimony,monazite, coal,manganese,vanadium,mica, and marble are all mined or quarried in Xianning.[16][citation needed]
Xianning Nuclear Power Plant is under construction near Dafan Town, Tongshan County. On 17 August 2010, the Shaw Group announced an agreement with State Nuclear Power Engineering Corp. Ltd., a subsidiary of China's State Nuclear Power Technology Corp. Ltd. (SNPTC), to add two new AP1000 units at the Xianning Nuclear Power Plant.[17]
Xianning has major rail lines, including theBeijing-Guangzhou line, many national highways, and a large stretch of theYangtze River, making it an important transportation and shipping center.[18][citation needed]
As of 2015, four different train stations located in or near Xianning's main urban area have "Xianning" in their name; several other stations are located elsewhere within the prefecture-level city.[citation needed]
There are two passenger train stations on the "conventional"Beijing-Guangzhou line within the Prefecture-level city of Xianning - the Xianning Railway Station in urban area itself (80 kilometres (50 mi) from Wuhan'sWuchang train station), and the one inChibi (118 kilometres (73 mi) from Wuchang) - are usually the first and the second stops for the slower trains leaving Wuchang towardChangsha andGuangzhou. Typical travel times from Wuchang is 40-50 min and 1 hour 20 min, respectively.[19]
The newWuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway hasXianning North Railway Station, which is located on the northern outskirts of the city's main urban area, about2 km (1.2 mi) northeast[citation needed] of Xianning Railway Station.
TheWuhan–Xianning Intercity Railway (part of the futureWuhan Metropolitan Area Intercity Railway system), opened in December 2013, provides direct rail service from Wuhan'sWuchang Railway Station to Xianning city center. It has two stations in the city's main urban area: Xianning East Railway Station in the downtown Xianning, and Xianning South, the end-of-line (dead-end) station in the industrial area south of downtown. When the system was under construction, the expected travel time from Wuchang to Xianning was stated to be 28 min,[20][21] but as of 2015, the typical scheduled time from Wuchang to Xianning South (91 km or 57 mi) is more like 70 to 100 min.[22]
Xianning's biggest tourist draw is its natural scenery. There are many sites including Taiyi Cave (太乙洞), Star Bamboo Sea (星星竹海), Mount Jiugong (九宫山, inTongshan County), Lushui Lake (陆水湖), as well as the historical site the Chibi Ancient Ruins (赤壁遗址).[23][citation needed]
At the "Underground Project 131" site, some 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southeast of downtown Xianning (withinXian'an District, tourists can visit a system of tunnels that were built in 1969-71 to accommodate national military headquarters in the case of a war, but never used.[24] The Xianning Sports Centre Stadium is located in the city. It has a capacity of 12,000 and it attracts many football fans from the region.[25]
咸宁市辖嘉鱼县、通城县、崇阳县、通山县、赤壁市、咸安区四县一市一区和一个高新技术产业园区，共设12个乡、51个镇、6个办事处，下辖1049个村民委员会、10145个村民小组。
2000年第五次全国人口普查，咸宁市总人口2700678人。其中：咸安区567598人，嘉鱼县358646人，通城县427867人，崇阳县456792人，通山县378849人，赤壁市510926人。 2004年末，咸宁市总面积10022平方千米，总人口约276.9万人。辖1个市辖区、4个县，代管1个县级市。共有6个街道、51个镇、12个乡，131个居委会、1034个村委会。
统计用区划代码 名称 421201000000 市辖区 421202000000 咸安区 421221000000 嘉鱼县 421222000000 通城县 421223000000 崇阳县 421224000000 通山县 421281000000 赤壁市
咸宁市辖{...}和一个高新技术产业园区，{...}咸宁高新技术产业园区下辖横沟桥镇；
【咸宁高新区托管咸安区横沟桥镇】2015年11月26日，咸宁高新区管委会和咸安区政府举行签约仪式，正式托管咸安区横沟桥镇。
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