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Xi River

Coordinates:22°03′37″N113°28′45″E / 22.0602°N 113.4792°E /22.0602; 113.4792
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Western tributary of the Pearl River
For other uses, seeXijiang (disambiguation).
Xi Jiang
Looking across the Xi River fromHeshan toJiujiang,Foshan City.
ThePearl River system including the Xi River
Location
CountryChina andVietnam
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationGui Jiang andXun Jiang inWuzhou
Mouth 
 • location
ThePearl River Delta on theSouth China Sea
 • elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Length2,197 km (1,365 mi) to 2,271.8 km (1,411.6 mi) (XiXunQianHongshuiNanpan)
Basin size437,000 km2 (169,000 sq mi)[1]
Discharge 
 • locationPearl Delta
 • average(Period: 2010–2020)9,631 m3/s (340,100 cu ft/s)[1]
 • minimum3,600 m3/s (130,000 cu ft/s)[1]
 • maximum34,000 m3/s (1,200,000 cu ft/s)[1]
Discharge 
 • locationWuzhou
 • average7,410 m3/s (262,000 cu ft/s)[2]
Basin features
ProgressionSouth China Sea
River systemPearl River
Tributaries 
 • leftHe Jiang,Gui Jiang,Hongshui Ho,Qian Jiang
 • rightYu Jiang,Xun Jiang
Xi River
Chinese西江
JyutpingSai1 gong1
Hanyu PinyinXī Jiāng
PostalWest River
Literal meaningWestern River
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinXī Jiāng
Wade–GilesHsi1 Chiang1
Yue: Cantonese
JyutpingSai1 gong1
The location of Xi River in China
Marble Hill (Cockscomb Rock) on the West River, around 1871
Xi River inZhaoqing.

TheXi River (/ʃ/;[3]Chinese:西江) orSi-Kiang[4] is the westerntributary of thePearl River insouthern China. It is formed by the confluence of theGui andXun Rivers inWuzhou,Guangxi. It originates from the eastern foot of the Maxiong Mountain inQujing City,Yunnan Province. Then it flows east throughGuangdong, and enters thePearl River Delta just east of theLingyang Gorge inZhaoqing. The main branch of the Xi River flows southeast through the delta entering theSouth China Sea atModao Men, just west ofMacau. The major cities along the Xi include Wuzhou, Zhaoqing, andJiangmen.

The other two main tributaries of Pearl River are theDong River (literally, the East River) andBei River (the Northern River). As for other functions, it plays a vital role in carbon storage and transport in Southern China.[5] The Xi River is facing some ecological challenges such asdrought,[6]invasive species,[7] andpollution.[8]

Xi River system

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The basin of the Xi River ranges from easternYunnan Province to southernGuangdong Province with a humid subtropical or tropical monsoon climate.[6] The Xi River is navigable for its entire length. It is a commercial waterway of southern China, and links thedelta cities to the interior. Over two thousand years ago, theLingqu Canal was dug, connecting the Xi River basin (theLi River, which is a tributary of theGui River) with theXiang River, which flows into theYangtze, thus providing a continuous waterway from thePearl River Delta to theYangtze Valley. The Xi River is rich in water conservancy and water resources, providing significant contributions to agriculturalirrigation, river transportation, andpower generation in coastal areas.[6]

The Xi River is the largest of the Pearl's tributaries. Its volume of flow is second in China only to that of theYangtze River, and it supplies water to many places in Guangxi, Guangdong and Macau. The greater Xi River is also one of China's longest. Existing in many segments it extends for 2,271.8 km (1,411.6 mi):

  • Nanpan River: 950 km (590 mi)
  • Hongshui River: 669.6 km (416.1 mi)
  • Qian River: 121.0 km (75.2 mi)
  • Xun River: 172.2 km (107.0 mi)
  • Xi River (including main branch to the sea): 359.0 km (223.1 mi)
Xijiang river system (italics referring to rivers flowing outside ofGuangxi)
Fuchuan (富川江)He (贺江)Xi (西江)
Li (漓江)Gui (桂江)
Beipan River (北盘江)Hongshui (红水河)Qian (黔江)Xun (浔江)
Nanpan River (南盘江)
Rong (融江)Liu (柳江)
Long (龙江)
You (右江)Yong (邕江)Yu (郁江)
Zuo (左江)

Major cities along the river

[edit]

River Ecology

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Rivers are a significant storage and transport system for both organic and inorganic carbon.[9] The Xi River is an important source of atmosphericcarbon dioxide in Southern China, with carbon inputs coming mainly from the river's headwaterNanpan andBeipan rivers. In the Beipan River, carbon inputs come from the oxidation of organic carbon and the coal industry along the river. In the Nanpan River, carbon inputs come mainly from soil and organic detritus.[5]

Environmental Issues

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Drought

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The Xi River basin has historically experienced droughts, which are worsening due toclimate change and rapidurbanization along with many parts of the river. This increase in population is straining water resources. The climate of the watershed issubtropical totropical monsoon, with 80% ofprecipitation falling between April and September.[6] This extreme variation in yearly precipitation patterns exacerbates drought issues. Climate change is predicted to cause a significant decrease in average, highest, and lowest river flows, with average flow droppings anywhere from 4 to 49%.[6] Increasing frequency and severity lead the meteorological and hydrological droughts.

Invasive species

[edit]

Invasive ornon-native species are an issue in rivers in southern China, including the Xi River.[7] Southern China rears the majority of non-native species inaquaculture.[7] These species are mainly introduced from aquaculture, and maypredate oroutcompetenative species.[7] Most introduced species areomnivores, including theNile tilapia, the most common non-native species in southern China rivers.[7]

Pollution

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Many commercial fish species in the Xi River and the encompassing Pearl River watershed have been contaminated with significant amounts ofBisphenol A, common in plastics manufacturing.[10] Bisphenol A is a chemical that can be harmful to theendocrine system of fish and humans.[10]

Protection

[edit]

In order to protect the Xi River, theGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region government issued a notice prohibiting new construction projects and migration of people within the land occupied andinundated areas of the Xi River mainstream control project in Guangxi.[11] Besides, the protection measures include: promulgated afishing ban,[12]wetland park protection, develop greenrecycling and low-carbon economic, the innovation of ecological andenvironmental protection cooperation mechanism and Xi River Basin Nature Reserve construction management.[13]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdYing, Zhang; Jianping, Gan; Qichun, Yang (2024)."Spatiotemporal variability of streamflow in the Pearl River Basin: Controls of land surface processes and atmospheric impacts".Hydrological Processes.38 (4).doi:10.1002/hyp.15151.
  2. ^NASA.gov
  3. ^"Xi".Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
  4. ^Other transliterations of the river's name includeHsi River andHsi Chiang.
  5. ^abZou, Junyu (2017)."Geochemical characteristics and organic carbon sources within the upper reaches of the Xi River, southwest China during high flow".Journal of Earth System Science.126 (1): 126(1),1–10.Bibcode:2017JESS..126....6Z.doi:10.1007/s12040-016-0792-9.S2CID 132266505.
  6. ^abcdeWang, Keyi; Niu, Jun; Li, Tiejian; Zhou, Yang (2020)."Facing Water Stress in a Changing Climate: A Case Study of Drought Risk Analysis Under Future Climate Projections in the Xi River Basin, China".Frontiers in Earth Science.8: 86.Bibcode:2020FrEaS...8...86W.doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00086.ISSN 2296-6463.
  7. ^abcdeGu, Dangen; Yu, Fandong; Hu, Yinchang; Wang, Jianwei; Xu, Meng; Mu, Xidong; Yang, Yexin; Wei, Hui; Shen, Zhixin (2020)."Non-native fishes in eight rivers of South China: species composition, distribution patterns, and potential influencing factors".www.authorea.com.doi:10.22541/au.158325439.94846492. Retrieved2021-04-18.
  8. ^Lian, Meihua; Wang, Jun; Sun, Lina; Xu, Zhe; Tang, Jiaxi; Yan, Jun; Zeng, Xiangfeng (2019)."Profiles and potential health risks of heavy metals in soil and crops from the watershed of Xi River in Northeast China".Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.169:442–448.doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.046.ISSN 0147-6513.PMID 30471581.
  9. ^Baker, Andy; Cumberland, Sue; Hudson, Naomi (2008)."Dissolved and total organic and inorganic carbon in some British rivers".Area.40 (1):117–127.doi:10.1111/j.1475-4762.2007.00780.x.ISSN 1475-4762.
  10. ^abWei, Xi; Huang, Yeqing; Wong, Ming H.; Giesy, John P.; Wong, Chris K. C. (2011)."Assessment of risk to humans of bisphenol A in marine and freshwater fish from Pearl River Delta, China".Chemosphere.85 (1):122–128.Bibcode:2011Chmsp..85..122W.doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.038.ISSN 1879-1298.PMID 21700311.
  11. ^"西江干流治理工程:禁止新增建设项目及迁入人口 - 广西壮族自治区人民政府门户网站 - www.gxzf.gov.cn".www.gxzf.gov.cn. Retrieved2021-04-18.
  12. ^"西江禁渔七年水清鱼肥 - 广西壮族自治区人民政府门户网站 - www.gxzf.gov.cn".www.gxzf.gov.cn. Retrieved2021-04-18.
  13. ^"聚焦西江流域生态环保 2016年广西环保世纪行启动 - 广西壮族自治区人民政府门户网站 - www.gxzf.gov.cn".www.gxzf.gov.cn. Retrieved2021-04-18.

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toXi River.
Major cities along thePearl River
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Xi
GuiLi
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YongYu
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  • tributaries ofLong & Rong
  • merged into theQian
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  • tributaries ofLiu & Hongshui
  • Guiping
  • merged into theXun
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22°03′37″N113°28′45″E / 22.0602°N 113.4792°E /22.0602; 113.4792

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