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Xanthochromism (also calledxanthochroism orxanthism), from the Greekxanthos (ξανθός) "yellow" andchroma (χρώμα) "color", is an unusually yellow pigmentation in an animal. It is often associated with the lack of usual red pigmentation and its replacement with yellow. The cause is usually genetic but may also be related to the animal's diet. ACornell University survey of unusual-looking birds visitingfeeders reported that 4% of such birds were described as xanthochromistic (compared with 76%albinistic). The opposite of xanthochromism, a deficiency in or complete absence of yellow pigment, is known asaxanthism.
Birds exhibiting genetic xanthochromism, especially deliberately bred mutations of several species ofparrot inaviculture, are termed "lutinos". Wild birds in which xanthochromism has been recorded includeyellow wagtail,wood warbler,Cape May warbler,rose-breasted grosbeak,evening grosbeak,red-bellied woodpecker,scarlet tanager,northern cardinal,great spotted woodpecker,common tailorbird,crimson-breasted shrike,kākāriki andkea.
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