Wuchuan County 武川县 •ᠦᠴᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ Wuchwan, Wu-ch'uan | |
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 One of the main corners of downtown Wuchuan | |
 Wuchuan in Hohhot | |
  Wuchuan County  Wuchuan County | |
| Coordinates:41°05′38″N111°27′07″E / 41.09389°N 111.45194°E /41.09389; 111.45194 | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Inner Mongolia |
| Prefecture-level city | Hohhot |
| County seat | Hoh Ereg |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,885 km2 (1,886 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
• Total | 95,869 |
| • Density | 19.63/km2 (50.83/sq mi) |
| • Majornationalities | Han Chinese Mongolian |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Website | www |
| Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia | |||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 武川县 | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 武川縣 | ||||||
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| Mongolian name | |||||||
| Mongolian Cyrillic | Үчуань шянь | ||||||
| Mongolian script | ᠦᠴᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ||||||
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Wuchuan (Mongolian:ᠦᠴᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ;Chinese:武川县), is acounty ofInner Mongolia Autonomous Region,NorthChina, it is under the administration of theprefecture-level city ofHohhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia. Wuchuan has an area of 4,885 km2 (1,886 sq mi) with a population of 95,869. It is connected to central Hohhot by the Huwu Highway; roughly a half-hour's drive. Zhaohe Grasslands, a popular tourist site, is nearby. The county borders the Hohhot districts ofHuimin andXincheng and the ruralTumed Left Banner to its south,Dorbod Banner ofUlanqab andDarhan Muminggan United Banner ofBaotou to its north,Guyang County ofBaotou to its west, andZhuozi County ofUlanqab to its east.
According to the earliest records, the name Wuchuan comes from theBook of Zhou, dating from 398 AD, and theHistory of the Northern Dynasties. Human activity can be traced back as far as 10,000 years.
The archaeological site at Daqingshan (大青山) village includes many artefacts from the Dayao Culture (大窑文化) and proves that the area was suitable for human habitation at that time. AnotherPaleolithic site at Erdaowa (二道洼) Village has an estimated age of 10,000 years. Many stone tools were found there, including knives, cutters and axes, indicating that the occupants of the area were hunter-gatherers.
A more recent site from 5000 BC was found at Jinergou (井儿沟). Better stone tools and pottery were unearthed. The tools were of types used for building, harvesting and making clothes, proving that agriculture was already well established at that time.
In theThree Sovereigns and Five Emperors period, about 2800BC, many tribes settled at Wuchuan. These included theXunyu, Shefang (舌方), Tufang (土方) andGuifang. TheYellow Emperor's war against Yunzhou was recorded in theRecords of the Grand Historian bySima Qian. During theShang andZhou dynasties,King Wu of Zhou fought against the Guifang tribe many times, finally winning the battle after 3 years; an event which is recorded in theI Ching.
Around 302 BC, Wuchuan belonged to theState of Zhao, one of theWarring States. The king of Zhao defeated Hulinloufan and built a wall nearDaqing Mountain to stop the advance of the northern tribes. This event was recorded in theCommentary on the Water Classic. The wall is now called the South Daqing Mountain Great Wall. Wuchuan also plays a role in the history of the Qin dynasty and the Han dynasty, especially theBattle of Changping ofZhao Kuo. During this time, Wuchuan was controlled by theXiongnu, a nomadic people famous for their bronzes and animal carvings. AXiongnu dagger together with some knife-shaped coins from theState of Yan were unearthed at Tuchenzi Village, indicating that cultural exchanges between theXiongnu and the Han Chinese were very extensive at that time. A total of more than 20 ancient tombs of theQin andHan period have also been discovered in Wuchuan.
Later, Wuchuan was one of the capitals of theSouthern and Northern dynasties. A tomb was found at Tuchenliang village, containing ancient coins, weapons, and many other bronze and iron artefacts. A Roman gold seal was unearthed at Touhao village and some Persian silver coins from theSassanid dynasty were discovered at Baidao Cheng village. This indicates that during the period of the Northern Wei,Sui andTang dynasties, a northern silk road existed, stretching fromXi'an toDatong toHuhhot and crossingDaqing Mountain to Wuchuan, eventually reaching the Middle East and finally Rome.
In 916, Wuchuan belonged to the state ofKhitan. Archeological sites have also been found from theYuan, Liao and Jin states. SomeSong dynasty coins were also unearthed. In addition, eight ancient tombs and seven ruins of towns from that period were discovered around the area of Dongtucheng along the river Qiangpan.
Wuchuan County is made up of 3towns and 6townships.
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Mongolian (Hudum Script) | Mongolian (Cyrillic) | Administrative division code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | |||||
| Hoh Ereg Town | 可可以力更镇 | Kěkěyǐlìgēng Zhèn | ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Хөх эргэ балгас | 150125100 |
| Harul Town | 哈乐镇 | Hālè Zhèn | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Харуул балгас | 150125101 |
| West Ulan Bulag Town | 西乌兰不浪镇 | Xīwūlánbùlàng Zhèn | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Баруун улаанбулаг балгас | 150125102 |
| Townships | |||||
| Daqingshan Township | 大青山乡 | Dàqīngshān Xiāng | ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Да чин шин шиян | 150125200 |
| Upper Tohoi Township | 上秃亥乡 | Shàngtūhài Xiāng | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠬᠣᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Дээр духай шиян | 150125205 |
| Deshenggou Township | 得胜沟乡 | Déshènggōu Xiāng | ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠱᠧᠩ ᠭᠧᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Те шен гүү шиян | 150125207 |
| Erfenzi Township | 二份子乡 | Èrfènzi Xiāng | ᠡᠯ ᠹᠧᠨ ᠽᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Эл фен зи шиян | 150125211 |
| Har Huxu Township | 哈拉合少乡 | Hālāhéshǎo Xiāng | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Хархошуу шиян | 150125213 |
| Holoi Mountain Township | 耗赖山乡 | Hàolàishān Xiāng | ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Хоолой уул шиян | 150125214 |
| Climate data for Wuchuan, elevation 1,637 m (5,371 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9.7 (49.5) | 12.9 (55.2) | 21.6 (70.9) | 28.4 (83.1) | 31.0 (87.8) | 36.2 (97.2) | 34.9 (94.8) | 32.1 (89.8) | 30.4 (86.7) | 23.9 (75.0) | 16.5 (61.7) | 11.4 (52.5) | 36.2 (97.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −6.5 (20.3) | −2.3 (27.9) | 4.5 (40.1) | 12.7 (54.9) | 19.1 (66.4) | 23.7 (74.7) | 25.5 (77.9) | 23.7 (74.7) | 18.5 (65.3) | 11.2 (52.2) | 2.2 (36.0) | −5.0 (23.0) | 10.6 (51.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −14.0 (6.8) | −9.7 (14.5) | −2.5 (27.5) | 5.9 (42.6) | 12.6 (54.7) | 17.5 (63.5) | 19.7 (67.5) | 17.7 (63.9) | 12.1 (53.8) | 4.5 (40.1) | −4.4 (24.1) | −11.8 (10.8) | 4.0 (39.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −19.5 (−3.1) | −15.6 (3.9) | −8.5 (16.7) | −0.8 (30.6) | 5.6 (42.1) | 11.1 (52.0) | 14.0 (57.2) | 12.1 (53.8) | 6.4 (43.5) | −1.0 (30.2) | −9.5 (14.9) | −17 (1) | −1.9 (28.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −32.6 (−26.7) | −32.5 (−26.5) | −26.3 (−15.3) | −17.4 (0.7) | −9.8 (14.4) | −0.4 (31.3) | 4.7 (40.5) | 1.2 (34.2) | −6.5 (20.3) | −15.3 (4.5) | −30.6 (−23.1) | −33.6 (−28.5) | −33.6 (−28.5) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 2.1 (0.08) | 3.3 (0.13) | 7.3 (0.29) | 14.3 (0.56) | 30.4 (1.20) | 48.5 (1.91) | 96.5 (3.80) | 75.3 (2.96) | 46.4 (1.83) | 19.4 (0.76) | 6.8 (0.27) | 2.6 (0.10) | 352.9 (13.89) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.1 | 4.2 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 7.3 | 11.2 | 13.7 | 11.6 | 9.2 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 84.8 |
| Average snowy days | 7.0 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 3.7 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 2.9 | 6.5 | 7.9 | 43.5 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 59 | 52 | 44 | 37 | 39 | 49 | 60 | 64 | 60 | 55 | 56 | 59 | 53 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 216.5 | 215.5 | 257.9 | 275.1 | 293.1 | 266.6 | 262.8 | 262.5 | 239.7 | 242.5 | 207.0 | 199.1 | 2,938.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 73 | 71 | 69 | 68 | 65 | 59 | 58 | 62 | 65 | 72 | 71 | 70 | 67 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[2][3] | |||||||||||||
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