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World Chess Championship 1993

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Controversial chess matches

Professional Chess Association World Chess Championship 1993

Defending champion

Challenger

Garry Kasparov

Nigel Short

12½	Scores	7½

Born 13 April 1963
30 years old

Born 1 June 1965
28 years old

Winner of the1990 World Chess Championship

Winner of the1993 Candidates Tournament

Rating: 2815
(World No. 1)

Rating: 2685
(World No. 10)

← 1990

1995 (PCA) →

FIDE World Chess Championship 1993

Defending champion

Challenger

Anatoly Karpov

Jan Timman

12½	Scores	8½

Born 23 May 1951
42 years old

Born 14 December 1951
41 years old

Runner-up of the1990 World Chess Championship (replacement for

Garry Kasparov)

Runner-up of the1993 Candidates Tournament (replacement for

Nigel Short)

Rating: 2760
(World No. 2)

Rating: 2620
(World No. 33)

← 1990

1996 (FIDE) →

TheWorld Chess Championship 1993 was one of the most controversial matches in chess history, with incumbentWorld Chess Champion Garry Kasparov and official challengerNigel Short splitting fromFIDE, the official world governing body of chess, and playing their title match under the auspices of theProfessional Chess Association. In response, FIDE stripped Kasparov of his title, and instead held a title match betweenAnatoly Karpov andJan Timman.

The matches were won by Kasparov and Karpov respectively. For the first time in history, there were two rival World Chess Champions, a situation which persisted until theWorld Chess Championship 2006.

1990 Interzonal Tournament

[edit]

For the first time, theInterzonal was held as aSwiss system tournament inManila in June and July 1990. 64 contestants played 13 rounds; the top 11 qualified for the Candidates Tournament.^[1]

1990 Interzonal Tournament
		Rating	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	Total
1	GMBoris Gelfand (Soviet Union)	2680	=26	+42	+3	=14	+29	=5	=2	=11	+8	=12	=6	=9	+16	9
2	GMVasyl Ivanchuk (Soviet Union)	2680	−54	+41	+43	+21	+8	+48	=1	=6	=12	=10	=5	+17	=3	9
3	GMViswanathan Anand (India)	2610	=32	+44	−1	+49	−13	=54	+47	=18	=14	+29	+37	+12	=2	8½
4	GMNigel Short (England)	2610	+20	−21	−13	=46	+33	+24	+7	−8	+30	+18	=11	=6	+12	8½
5	GMGyula Sax (Hungary)	2600	=22	+64	+51	+8	=48	=1	=12	=9	=13	=11	=2	=10	=7	8
6	GMViktor Korchnoi (Switzerland)	2630	=31	+33	=7	=15	+28	=30	+29	=2	=11	=13	=1	=4	=10	8
7	GMRobert Hübner (West Germany)	2585	=38	+62	=6	=16	=17	=18	−4	+19	+48	+21	=10	=11	=5	8
8	GMPredrag Nikolić (Yugoslavia)	2600	+13	+58	+12	−5	−2	=19	+40	+4	−1	=17	=21	=14	+25	8
9	GMLeonid Yudasin (Soviet Union)	2615	=45	+49	−29	+55	+25	=14	+48	=5	−21	+16	=12	=1	=11	8
10	GMSergey Dolmatov (Soviet Union)	2615	=24	=23	+27	=11	+39	=29	+30	−12	+15	=2	=7	=5	=6	8
11	GMAlexey Dreev (Soviet Union)	2615	=44	=32	+22	=10	=21	+13	+14	=1	=6	=5	=4	=7	=9	8
12	GMMikhail Gurevich (Soviet Union)	2640	+43	+36	−8	+37	=14	+34	=5	+10	=2	=1	=9	−3	−4	7½
13	GMBranko Damljanovic (Yugoslavia)	2515	−8	+53	+4	=51	+3	−11	+34	+16	=5	=6	−17	=19	=15	7½
14	GMKiril Georgiev (Bulgaria)	2580	+57	=16	+17	=1	=12	=9	−11	=31	=3	=15	+28	=8	=20	7½
15	GMLjubomir Ljubojević (Yugoslavia)	2600	+40	=29	=16	=6	=18	=17	=21	+22	−10	=14	+36	=25	=13	7½
16	GMJaan Ehlvest (Soviet Union)	2655	+56	=14	=15	=7	=30	=23	+19	−13	+31	−9	+22	+21	−1	7½
17	GMAlexander Khalifman (Soviet Union)	2615	=33	+31	−14	+24	=7	=15	+23	=21	=29	=8	+13	−2	=19	7½
18	GMYasser Seirawan (United States)	2635	=42	=26	=30	+56	=15	=7	=31	=3	+40	−4	=27	=24	+22	7½
19	GMAlexei Shirov (Soviet Union)	2580	=55	=35	=23	=33	+42	=8	−16	−7	+32	+50	+29	=13	=17	7½
20	GMJóhann Hjartarson (Iceland)	2520	−4	+61	−37	−40	+38	−36	+45	=47	+54	=39	+42	+34	=14	7½
21	GMNick de Firmian (United States)	2560	+61	+4	=48	−2	=11	+37	=15	=17	+9	−7	=8	−16	=28	7
22	GMGad Rechlis (Israel)	2505	=5	=28	−11	+27	=47	=25	+46	−15	+41	+48	−16	+37	−18	7
23	IMVasil Spasov (Bulgaria)	2495	=34	=10	=19	+36	=51	=16	−17	=44	−39	+43	=35	=26	+49	7
24	IMIgor Štohl (Czechoslovakia)	2525	=10	−34	+45	−17	+58	−4	+43	+39	=50	−37	+44	=18	=27	7
25	GMMichael Adams (England)	2590	+46	=63	+50	−29	−9	=22	=39	=49	+44	=27	+30	=15	−8	7
26	GMRoman Dzindzichashvili (United States)	2560	=1	=18	+38	−30	=31	=46	=63	=34	=36	=42	=39	=23	+41	7
27	GMĽubomír Ftáčnik (Czechoslovakia)	2550	−51	+59	−10	−22	+64	=32	+57	=37	+34	=25	=18	=36	=24	7
28	GMBoris Gulko (United States)	2600	=64	=22	=32	+58	−6	=47	=41	=36	=33	+31	−14	+45	=21	7
29	GMJoël Lautier (France)	2570	+60	=15	+9	+25	−1	=10	−6	+50	=17	−3	−19	=39	=35	6½
30	GMSmbat Lputian (Soviet Union)	2575	+59	=51	=18	+26	=16	=6	−10	=48	−4	+33	−25	=41	=36	6½
31	GMMiguel Illescas (Spain)	2535	=6	−17	=64	+38	=26	+51	=18	=14	−16	−28	=32	+44	=37	6½
32	GMBožidar Ivanović (Yugoslavia)	2520	=3	=11	=28	−50	=36	=27	=53	=54	−19	+55	=31	=48	+56	6½
33	GMEugenio Torre (Philippines)	2530	=17	−6	+62	=19	−4	=49	=42	+46	=28	−30	−45	+51	+48	6½
34	GMSimen Agdestein (Norway)	2600	=23	+24	+63	−48	+50	−12	−13	=26	−27	+52	+40	−20	=39	6½
35	IMMihail Marin (Romania)	2485	=37	=19	=36	−39	=49	=42	−56	+55	+47	=40	=23	=50	=29	6½
36	GMMikhail Tal (Soviet Union)	2580	+52	−12	=35	−23	=32	+20	=37	=28	=26	+56	−15	=27	=30	6½
37	GMTony Miles (England)	2595	=35	=55	+20	−12	+43	−21	=36	=27	+49	+24	−3	−22	=31	6½
38	GMJaime Sunye Neto (Brazil)	2465	=7	=39	−26	−31	−20	=60	=59	+58	=53	+47	=48	=42	+50	6½
39	GMAndrei Sokolov (Soviet Union)	2570	=62	=38	=54	+35	−10	=41	=25	−24	+23	=20	=26	=29	=34	6½
40	GMPetar Popović (Yugoslavia)	2520	−15	=60	=42	+20	+63	=50	−8	+56	−18	=35	−34	=49	=45	6
41	IMGoran Čabrilo (Yugoslavia)	2485	−48	−2	=59	+60	+56	=39	=28	=42	−22	+49	=50	=30	−26	6
42	GMKevin Spraggett (Canada)	2540	=18	−1	=40	+64	−19	=35	=33	=41	+51	=26	−20	=38	=46	6
43	GMAlonso Zapata (Colombia)	2545	−12	+52	−2	+53	−37	=57	−24	−51	+61	−23	+58	=54	+55	6
44	GMYe Rongguang (China)	2525	=11	−3	−49	+62	−55	+58	+51	=23	−25	+57	−24	−31	+54	6
45	GMEric Lobron (West Germany)	2535	=9	−50	−24	=59	+52	−56	−20	=57	+60	+54	+33	−28	=40	6
46	IMStuart Rachels (United States)	2475	−25	+47	=58	=4	=54	=26	−22	−33	−57	+62	=56	+52	=42	6
47	GMMargeir Petursson (Iceland)	2550	−63	−46	+57	+52	=22	=28	−3	=20	−35	−38	+60	=56	+59	6
48	GMLajos Portisch (Hungary)	2590	+41	+54	=21	+34	=5	−2	−9	=30	−7	−22	=38	=32	−33	5½
49	GMIan Rogers (Australia)	2535	=50	−9	+44	−3	=35	=33	+55	=25	−37	−41	+53	=40	−23	5½
50	GMRafael Vaganian (Soviet Union)	2630	=49	+45	−25	+32	−34	=40	+54	−29	=24	−19	=41	=35	−38	5½
51	GMGata Kamsky (United States)	2650	+27	=30	−5	=13	=23	−31	−44	+43	−42	=53	=52	−33	+60	5½
52	IMLin Ta (China)	2435	−36	−43	+61	−47	−45	+64	+62	=53	=56	−34	=51	−46	+58	5½
53	GMVasily Smyslov (Soviet Union)	2570	−58	−13	+60	−43	−57	+59	=32	=58	=38	=51	−49	=62	+61	5½
54	GMMurray Chandler (New Zealand)	2560	+2	−48	=39	=63	=46	=3	−50	=32	−20	−45	+61	=43	−44	5
55	IMRico Mascariñas (Philippines)	2465	=19	=37	=56	−9	+44	−63	−49	−35	+59	−32	+62	=61	−43	5
56	IMWalter Arencibia (Cuba)	2555	−16	+57	=55	−18	−41	+45	+35	−40	=52	−36	=46	=47	−32	5
57	IMHerman Claudius van Riemsdijk (Brazil)	2440	−14	−56	−47	+61	+53	=43	−27	=45	+46	−44	=59	−60	=62	5
58	IMFouad El Taher (Egypt)	2375	+53	−8	=46	−28	−24	−44	=60	−38	=62	=61	−43	+59	−52	4
59	IMCarlos Armando Juárez Flores (Guatemala)	2425	−30	−27	=41	=45	=62	−53	=38	=61	−55	+60	=57	−58	−47	4
60	IMLeon David Piasetski (Canada)	2410	−29	=40	−53	−41	=61	=38	=58	=62	−45	−59	−47	+57	−51	3½
61	IMSlaheddine Hmadi (Tunisia)	2335	−21	−20	−52	−57	=60	=62	+64	=59	−43	=58	−54	=55	−53	3½
62	IMAssem Afifi (Egypt)	2400	=39	−7	−33	−44	=59	=61	−52	=60	=58	−46	−55	=53	=57	3½
63	GMValery Salov (Soviet Union)	2655	+47	=25	−34	=54	−40	+55	=26	-	-	-	-	-	-	3½
64	IMPraveen Thipsay (India)	2490	=28	−5	=31	−42	−27	−52	−61	-	-	-	-	-	-	1

Salov and Thipsay withdrew after seven rounds.

1991–93 Candidates Tournament

[edit]

The final four players from the 1988–90 Candidates tournament—Karpov, Timman, Yusupov and Speelman—were seeded directly into the Candidates. They were joined by the top 11 finishers from theInterzonal. These 15 players played a series ofCandidates matches.^[2] If matches were tied after the allotted games, extra pairs ofrapid chess games were played until one player had the lead.^[3]

The preliminary matches were played inSarajevo (Timman-Hübner and Gelfand-Nikolić),Wijk aan Zee (Korchnoi-Sax and Yusupov-Dolmatov),Riga (Ivanchuk-Yudasin),London (Short-Speelman), andMadras (Anand-Dreev) in January and February 1991. All four quarterfinals were played inBrussels in August 1991, both semifinals inLinares in April 1992, and the final inSan Lorenzo del Escorial in January 1993.

Round of 16 (best of 8)

Quarterfinals (best of 8)

Semifinals (best of 10)

Final (best of 14)

Jan Timman

4½

Robert Hübner

2½

Jan Timman

4½

Victor Korchnoi

2½

Victor Korchnoi

5½

Gyula Sax

4½

Jan Timman

Artur Yusupov

Artur Yusupov

6½

Sergey Dolmatov

5½

Artur Yusupov

5½

Vasyl Ivanchuk

4½

Vasyl Ivanchuk

4½

Leonid Yudasin

Jan Timman

5½

Nigel Short

7½

Nigel Short

5½

Jon Speelman

4½

Nigel Short

Boris Gelfand

Boris Gelfand

5½

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Predrag Nikolić

4½

Nigel Short

Anatoly Karpov

Viswanathan Anand

4½

Alexei Dreev

1½

Viswanathan Anand

3½

Anatoly Karpov

4½

(no opponent)

Anatoly Karpov

1993 PCA match

[edit]

Before the match could take place, both Kasparov and Short complained of corruption and a lack of professionalism within FIDE and split from FIDE to set up theProfessional Chess Association (PCA), under whose auspices they held their match. The event was orchestrated largely byRaymond Keene. Keene brought the event to London (FIDE had planned it forManchester), and England was whipped up into something of a chess fever:Channel 4 broadcast some 81 programmes on the match, theBBC also had coverage, and Short appeared in television beer commercials. The Kasparov–Short final was best of 24 games, played inLondon in September and October 1993.^[4]

PCA World Chess Championship Match 1993
	Rating	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Total
Garry Kasparov (Russia)	2815	1	½	1	1	½	½	1	½	1	½	½	½	½	½	1	0	½	½	½	½	12½
Nigel Short (Great Britain)	2665	0	½	0	0	½	½	0	½	0	½	½	½	½	½	0	1	½	½	½	½	7½

After the actual match, the players filled out the last four days of the playing schedule by playing a series of sevenexhibition games (with openings chosen by the arbiter) that Kasparov won 5–2 (+4−1=2). There was also a game in which Kasparov and Short teamed up to play against the commentary team (which lost). In the wake of the decisive victory by Kasparov, interest in chess in the UK soon died down.

1993 FIDE match

[edit]

As a result of the unauthorized PCA match, FIDE stripped Kasparov of his title, removed him and Short from their rating lists, and arranged a match between Timman and Karpov, whom Short had beaten in the Candidates final and semifinal respectively. The FIDE match was played inZwolle,Arnhem,Amsterdam, andJakarta in September to November 1993.

FIDE World Chess Championship Match 1993
	Rating	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	Total
Jan Timman (Netherlands)	2620	0	1	½	½	½	0	½	½	½	0	½	½	½	0	0	0	½	½	½	1	½	8½
Anatoly Karpov (Russia)	2760	1	0	½	½	½	1	½	½	½	1	½	½	½	1	1	1	½	½	½	0	½	12½

Karpov won the best-of-24 match and thus regained the FIDE championship title that he had previously held from 1975 to 1985 before losing it to Kasparov.^[5]

References

[edit]

^1990 Manila Interzonal Tournament, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
^1991–93 Candidates Matches, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
^World Championships 1/4-finals, round 8,Usenet rec.games.chess, August 24, 1991
^1993 Kasparov–Short PCA Title Match, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
^1993 Karpov–Timman FIDE Title Match, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages

World Chess Championships

Pre-FIDE

1886,1889,1890–1891,1892 (Steinitz)
1894,1896–1897,1907,1908,1910 (Jan–Feb),1910 (Nov–Dec) (Lasker)
1921 (Capablanca)
1927,1929,1934 (Alekhine)
1935 (Euwe)
1937 (Alekhine)

FIDE

Split title

PCA/Classical	1993,1995 (Kasparov) 2000,2004 (Kramnik)
FIDE	1993,1996,1998 (Karpov) 1999 (Khalifman) 2000 (Anand) 2002 (Ponomariov) 2004 (Kasimdzhanov) 2005 (Topalov)

FIDE

Other world championships

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