World Book Day, also known asWorld Book and Copyright Day orInternational Day of the Book, is anannual event organized by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) to promotereading,publishing, andcopyright. The first World Book Day was celebrated on 23 April in 1995, and continues to be recognized on that day. A relatedevent in the United Kingdom and Ireland is observed in March.[1] On the occasion of World Book and Copyright Day,UNESCO along with the advisory committee from the major sectors of the book industry, select theWorld Book Capital for one year. Each designated World Book Capital City carries out a program of activities to celebrate and promote books and reading.[2] In 2024,Strasbourg was designated as the World Book Capital.[3]
The original idea was conceived in 1922 by Vicente Clavel, director of Cervantes publishing house in Barcelona, as a way to honour the authorMiguel de Cervantes and boost the sales of books. It was first celebrated on 7 October 1926, Cervantes' birthday, before being moved to his death date, 23 April, in 1930.[4] The celebration continues with great popularity in Catalonia, where it is referred to as Sant Jordi's Day orThe Day of Books and Roses.
In 1995,UNESCO decided that the World Book and Copyright Day would be celebrated on 23 April, as the date is also the anniversary of the death ofWilliam Shakespeare andInca Garcilaso de la Vega, as well as that of the birth or death of several other prominent authors.[5] (In a historical coincidence, Shakespeare and Cervantes died on the samedate—23 April 1616—but not on the sameday, as at the time, Spain used theGregorian calendar and England used theJulian calendar; Shakespeare actually died 10 days after Cervantes died, on 3 May of the Gregorian calendar.)
TheWorld Book Capital (WBC) is an initiative ofUNESCO which recognises cities for promoting books and fostering reading for a year starting on April 23, World Book and Copyright Day.[2] Cities designated as UNESCO World Book Capital carry out activities with the aim of encouraging a culture of reading in all ages and sharing UNESCO's values.[6]
InSpain, Book Day began to be celebrated since 1926 every October 7,[7] the date thatMiguel de Cervantes was believed to have been born. But, it was considered more appropriate to celebrate this day in a more pleasant season for walking and browsing the books in the open-air. Spring was much better than fall. So in 1930King Alfonso XIII approved the change of celebration of the Book Day on April 23, the supposed date of the death of Cervantes.[7]
InSweden, the day is known asVärldsbokdagen ("World Book Day") and the copyright aspect is seldom mentioned. Normally celebrated on 23 April, it was moved to 13 April in the year 2000[8] and 2011 to avoid a clash withEaster.[9]
InKensington, Maryland, the International Day of the Book is celebrated with astreet festival on the Sunday closest to 26 April.[12] In 2020, the 15th Annual Kensington Day of the Book Festival was cancelled due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.[12]
World Book Day is also celebrated in India on 23 April every year.[13] It is commemorated in many parts of India to encourage & aware of people for reading & publishing books.[14][15]
