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Workers of the world, unite!

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Rallying cry from The Communist Manifesto
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TheState Emblem of the Soviet Union had the slogan emblazoned on the ribbons in 15 languages spoken in therepublics.
Thetomb of Karl Marx atHighgate Cemetery bearing the slogan "Workers of All Lands Unite"
The slogan inscribed in four languages on a wall behind theKarl Marx Monument, Chemnitz, Germany

Thepolitical slogan "Workers of the world, unite!" is one of the rallying cries fromThe Communist Manifesto (1848)[1][2][3][4] byKarl Marx andFriedrich Engels (German:Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt Euch!, literally meaning'Proletarians of all countries, unite!',[5] but soon popularised inEnglish as "Workers of the world, unite!" Along with the rest of the phrase: "You have nothing to lose but your chains!".[5][note 1]

A variation of this phrase ("Workers of all lands, unite") is also inscribed onMarx's tombstone.[7] The essence of the slogan is that members of theworking classes throughout the world should cooperate to defeatcapitalism and achieve victory in theclass conflict.[8]

Overview

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In this still from the historical dramaThe Man with the Gun, the phrase (inpre-reform Russian orthography) is depicted on a banner in the background.
Thin and small Membership card/ document of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR). Made in 1980. The party's emblem and the words "Proletari din toate țările, uniți-vă!; Carnet de membru; 1980" are on the booklet's cover.
Membership card of theRomanian Communist Party from the year 1980. The slogan"Proletari din toate țările, uniți-vă!" is written in golden letters on the top of the Pass' cover.

Five years beforeThe Communist Manifesto, this phrase appeared in the 1843 bookThe Workers' Union byFlora Tristan.[9]

TheInternational Workingmen's Association, described by Engels as "the first international movement of the working class" was persuaded by Engels to change its motto from theLeague of the Just's "all men are brothers" to "working men of all countries, unite!".[10] It reflected Marx's and Engels' view ofproletarian internationalism.

The phrase has overlapping meanings: first, that workers should unite in unions to better push for their demands such as workplace pay and conditions;[11][better source needed] secondly, that workers should see beyond their various craft unions and unite against the capitalist system;[12] and thirdly, workers of different countries have more in common with each other than workers and employers of the same country.

The phrase was used by theIndustrial Workers of the World (IWW) in their publications and songs[13][14] and was a mainstay on banners inMay Day demonstrations. The IWW used it when opposingWorld War I in both theUnited States[14] andAustralia.[15]

The slogan was theSoviet Union's statemotto (Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!;Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!) and it appeared in theState Emblem of the Soviet Union. It also appeared on 1919Russian SFSR banknotes (in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Italian and Russian),[16] onSoviet ruble coins from 1921 to 1934[17] and was the slogan of Soviet newspaperPravda.[18]

Some socialist and communist parties continue using it.[19]

Variations

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In the firstSwedish translation ofThe Communist Manifesto, published in 1848, the translatorPehr Götrek substituted the slogan withFolkets röst, Guds röst! (i.e.Vox populi, vox Dei, or "The Voice of the People, the Voice of God"). However, later translations have included the original slogan.[20]

The guiding motto of the 2ndComintern congress in 1920, underLenin's directive, was "Workers and oppressed peoples of all countries, unite!".[21] This denoted the anti-colonialist agenda of the Comintern, and was seen as an attempt to unite racially-subjugatedblack people and the globalproletariat inanti-imperialist struggle.[21]

In other languages

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This slogan was used by several socialist states and communist parties as their official motto.

Motto of the Soviet Union

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In eachSoviet republic, the same motto was used in the local language.

LanguageMottoTransliterationUsed by
RussianПролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь![note 2]Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'! (BGN/PCGN)
Proletarii vseh stran, soědinäjteś! (Scientific)		Russian SFSR,
Soviet Union
UkrainianПролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся!Proletarii vsikh krayin, yednaytesya! (BGN/PCGN)
Proletari vsich kraïn, jednajtesä! (Scientific)		Ukrainian SSR
ByelorussianПралетарыі ўсіх краін, яднайцеся!Pralyetarye, wsikh krain, yadnaytsesya! (BGN/PCGN)
Pralětaryi wsich krain, jadnajcěsya! (Scientific)		Byelorussian SSR
UzbekБутун дунё пролетарлари, бирлашингиз!Butun dunyo proletarlari, birlashingiz!/Butun dunyo proletarlari, birlaşingiz!Uzbek SSR
KazakhБарлық елдердің пролетарлары, бірігіңдер!Barlıq yelderdiñ proletarları, birigiñder!Kazakh SSR
Georgianპროლეტარებო ყველა ქვეყნისა, შეერთდით!Proletarebo qvela kveqnisa, šeertdit!Georgian SSR
AzerbaijaniБүтүн өлкәләрин пролетарлары, бирләшин!Bütün ölkələrin proletarları, birləşin!Azerbaijan SSR,
Dagestan ASSR
LithuanianVisų šalių proletarai, vienykitės!Lithuanian SSR
Romanian (Moldovan Cyrillic)Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле, уници-вэ!Proletari din toate țările, uniți-vă!Moldavian SSR
LatvianVisu zemju proletārieši, savienojieties!Latvian SSR
KyrgyzБардык өлкөлордүн пролетарлары, бириккиле!Bardıq ölkölordün proletarları, birikkile!Kirghiz SSR
TajikПролетарҳои ҳамаи мамлакатҳо, як шавед!Proletarhoi hamai mamlakatho, yak šaved!Tajik SSR
ArmenianՊրոլետարներ բոլոր երկրների, միացե՛քProletarner bolor yerkrneri, miac’ek’!Armenian SSR
Nagorno-Karabakh AO
TurkmenӘхли юртларың пролетарлары, бирлешиң!Ähli ýurtlaryň proletarlary, birleşiň!/Ähli yurtlarıñ proletarları, birleşiñ!Turkmen SSR
EstonianKõigi maade proletaarlased, ühinege!Estonian SSR
AbazaАкъральква зымгӏва рпролетарква, швадгыл!Aqralıkua zьmyua rproletarkua, şvadgьl!Karachay-Cherkess AO
AbkhazАтәылаӄуа зегьы рпролетарцәа, шәҽеидышәкыл!Atwylaqwa zeğy rproletarcwa, šwč’eidyšwkyl!Abkhaz ASSR
AltaiБастыра ороондордыҥ пролетарийлери, бириккилегер!Bastıra oroondordıñ proletariyleri, birikkileger!Gorno-Altai AO
AvarКиналго улкабазул пролетарал, цолъе нуж!Kinalgo ulkabazul proletaral, col’e nuž!Dagestan ASSR
BashkirБөтә илдәрҙең пролетарийҙәре, берләшегеҙ!Böte ilderceń proletariycäre, berläşegec!Bashkir ASSR
BuryatБүхы оронуудай пролетаринар, нэгэдэгты!Bühy oronuudaj proletarinar, negedegty!Buryat ASSR
ChechenМассо а мехкийн пролетареш, цхьанакхета!Masso a mexkiyn proletareş, cx’anakxeta!Checheno-Ingush ASSR
Dagestan ASSR
ChuvashПӗтӗм тӗнчери пролетарисем, пӗрлешӗр!Pétém ténçeri proletarisem, pérleşér!Chuvash ASSR
Crimean TatarБютюн мемлекетлерининъ пролетарлары, бирлешинъиз!Bütün memleketleriniñ proletarları, birleşiñiz!Crimean ASSR
ErzyaВесе масторонь пролетарийть, вейсэндяводо!Vese mastoronj proletarijtj, vejsendjavodo!Mordovian ASSR
FinnishKaikkien maiden proletaarit, liittykää yhteen!Karelo-Finnish SSR,
Karelian ASSR
IngushМасса а мехкашкара пролетареш вӀашагӀкхета!Massa a mexkaškara proletareš vwašağxeta!Checheno-Ingush ASSR
KabardianХэгъэгу пстэухэм япролетариехэр, зы шъухъу!Xeğegu psteuxem japroletariěxer, zy š’uhu!Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR
Karachay-Cherkess AO
KalmykЦуг-орн нутгудын пролетармуд, негдцхәтн!Cug-orn nutgudyn proletarmud, negdchâtn!Kalmyk ASSR
Karachay-BalkarБютеу дунияны пролетарлары, бирлешигиз!Bütew duniyanı proletarları, birleşigiz!Kabardino-Balkar ASSR
Karachay-Cherkess AO
KarakalpakБарлык еллердиң пролетарлары, бирлесиңиз!Barlık ellerdiñ proletarları, birlesiñiz!Karakalpak ASSR
KarelianKaikkien maijen proletaariet, yhtykkyä!Karelian ASSR (until 1940)
KhakasПрай страналарның пролетарийлері, піріклеңер!Pray stranalarnıñ proletariylerį, pįrįkleñer!Khakas AO
KomiСтав мувывса пролетарийяс, oтувтчӧй!Stav muvyvsa proletarijjas, otuvtčöj!Komi ASSR
MariЧыла элласе пролетарий-влак, ушныза!Çyla ellase proletarij-vlak, uşnyza!Mari ASSR
MokshaСембе масторонь пролетариятие, пуромода марс!Sembe mastoronj proletarijatije, puromoda mars!Mordovian ASSR
OssetianӔппӕт бӕстӕты пролетартӕ баиу ут!Áppát bástáty proletartá baiu ut!North Ossetian ASSR
South Ossetian AO
SakhaБары дойдулар пролетарийдара, холбоһуҥ!Barı doydular proletariydara, xolbohuň!Yakut ASSR
TatПролетарьой гьеме билеетгьо, ек бошти!Proletar'oy heme bileetho, ek boşti!Dagestan ASSR
TatarБарлык илләрнең пролетарийлары, берләшегез!Barlıq illärneñ proletariyları, berläşegez!Tatar ASSR
TuvanБүгү делегейниң пролетарлары, каттыжыңар!Bügü delegeyniñ proletarları, kattıjıñar!Tuvan ASSR
UdmurtВань странаосысь пролетарийёс, огазеяське!Vań stranaosyś proletarijjos, ogazejaśke!Udmurt ASSR

Motto of other countries

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LanguageMottoTransliterationUsed by
AlbanianProletarë të të gjitha vendeve, bashkohuni!Albania
BulgarianПролетарии от всички страни съединявайте се!Proletárii ot vsíchki straní, sǎеdinyávaite se!Bulgaria
Chinese全世界無産階級和被壓迫的民族聯合起來！[note 3]Quánshìjiè wúchǎnjiējí hé bèi yāpò de mínzú liánhé qǐlai!Chinese Soviet Republic
CzechProletáři všech zemí, spojte se!Czechoslovakia
Dariکارگران جهان متحد شوید!Kârgarân-e jahân mottahed šavid!Afghanistan
FrenchProlétaires de tous les pays, unissez-vous !Benin,
Madagascar
GermanProletarier aller Länder, vereinigt Euch!East Germany,
Volga German ASSR
HungarianVilág proletárjai, egyesüljetek!Hungarian People's Republic,
Hungarian Soviet Republic
Korean전세계로동자들은 단결하라!Chŏnsegyelodongchadŭrŭn tangyŏl'ala!North Korea
MalagasyMpiasa eran'izao tontolo izao, mampiray!Madagascar
MongolianОрон бүрийн пролетари нар нэгдэгтүн!Oron büriin proletari nar negdegtün!Mongolia
PolishProletariusze wszystkich krajów, łączcie się!Polish People's Republic
RomanianProletari din toate țările, uniți-vă!Romania
SlovakProletári všetkých krajín, spojte sa!Czechoslovakia,
Slovak Soviet Republic
TuvanБүгү телегейниң пролетарлары болгаш дарлаткан араттары каттыжыңар!Pygy delegejniꞑ вroledarlarь polgaş tarladkan araddarь kaddьƶьꞑar!Tuvan People's Republic

Motto of communist parties

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The English phrase and its variants (the variant "All power to the workers" is used by some parties such as theCommunist Party of Australia) are used by communist parties in theEnglish-speaking world. The list below does not include the mottos of communist parties of the above countries or in languages listed above.

LanguageMottoTransliterationUsed byActive in
Arabicيَا عُمَّالَ الْعَالَمِ وَيَا شُعُوبَهُ الْمُضْطَهَدَة، اِتَّحِدُواْ!Ya ‘ummāla l-‘ālami wa yā shu‘ūbahu l-muṭṭahada, ittaḥidū!Jordanian Communist PartyJordan
Bengaliদুনিয়ার মজদুর, এক হও!Duniẏār môjdur, ēk hôō!Communist Party of BangladeshBangladesh
GreekΠρολετάριοι όλων των χωρών, ενωθείτε!Proletárioi ólon ton chorón, enothíte!Communist Party of GreeceGreece
IndonesianPara buruh seluruh dunia, bersatulah!Communist Party of IndonesiaIndonesia
MacedonianПролетери од сите земји, обединете се!Proleteri od site zemji, obedinete se!League of Communists of MacedoniaYugoslavia
MalayKaum buruh semua negeri, bersatulah!Malayan Communist PartyMalaysia
Serbo-CroatianПролетери свих земаља уједините се!Proleteri svih zemalja, ujedinite se!League of Communists of YugoslaviaYugoslavia
SloveneProletarci vseh dežel, združite se!League of Communists of SloveniaYugoslavia
TagalogManggagawa ng lahat ng bansa, magkaisa!Communist Party of the PhilippinesPhilippines
TurkishBütün ülkelerin işçileri ve ezilen halklar, birleşin![a]Socialist Liberation PartyTurkey

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^The final paragraph ofThe Communist Manifesto was translated bySamuel Moore as follows: "The Communists disdain to conceal their views and aims. They openly declare that their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communistic revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!". This translation is the authorized translation by Marx and Engels and is the most commonly used version in English.[6]
  2. ^Pre-revolution orthography:Пролетаріи всѣхъ странъ, соединяйтесь!
  3. ^This is not the usual modern Chinese translation of the slogan. The most common one nowadays is全世界無産者，聯合起來！ (Quánshìjiè wúchǎnzhě, liánhé qǐlái!)
  1. ^Literally "Workers of all countries and oppressed people, unite!

References

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  1. ^Gabrijela Kišiček; Igor Ž. Žagar (3 October 2013).What Do We Know About the World?: Rhetorical and Argumentative Perspectives. University of Windsor. p. 471.ISBN 978-0-920233-70-2.One of the most famous rallying cries of communism Workers of the world, unite!
  2. ^Simon Levis Sullam (21 October 2015).Giuseppe Mazzini and the Origins of Fascism. Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 91.ISBN 978-1-137-51459-2.only a few years later, would give the famous rallying cry Workers of t...
  3. ^Edward R. Kantowicz (1999).The Rage of Nations. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 21.ISBN 978-0-8028-4455-2.titled The Communist Manifesto, which contained the famous rallying cry: "Workers of the w...
  4. ^Ronald Niezen (15 April 2008).A World Beyond Difference: Cultural Identity in the Age of Globalization. John Wiley & Sons. p. 129.ISBN 978-1-4051-3710-2.The famous rallying cry from The Communist Manifesto, "workers of the world unite!" was meant only to hasten the [...]
  5. ^ab"Translator's note to the Communist Manifesto".Marxists.org. Marxist Internet Archive. Retrieved14 February 2015.
  6. ^Marx, Karl; Engels, Friedrich (2002). Jones, Gareth Stedman (ed.).The Communist Manifesto (New ed.). London: Penguin.ISBN 978-0-140-44757-6.
  7. ^Wheen, Francis (2002). "Introduction".Karl Marx: A Life. New York: Norton.
  8. ^Ayres, Robert U. (2023).The history and future of economics. Cham: Springer.ISBN 978-3-031-26208-1.
  9. ^Marie M. Collins and Sylvie Weil-Sayre (1973). "Flora Tristan: Forgotten Feminist and Socialist".Nineteenth-Century French Studies.1 (4):229–234.JSTOR 23535978.
  10. ^Lucia Pradella in 'The Elgar Companion to Marxist Economics.' Edited by Ben fine and Alfredo Saad-Filho, 2012, p.178.
  11. ^Wiktionary, entry for "Workers of the World"
  12. ^Marx, Karl;Engels, Friedrich (1848)."Manifesto of the Communist Party". Translated by Moore, Samuel. Zodiac; Baggins, Brian; Blunden, Andy.
  13. ^Grim Feinberg, Joseph (July–August 2005)."The Gifts of the IWW".Against the Current (117). Solidarity. Archived fromthe original on 2018-03-26.
  14. ^abMelvyn Dubofsky,We Shall Be All, Quadrangle Books, 1969.
  15. ^Mick Armstrong, "The Industrial Workers of the World,"Socialist Alternative, June 2005.[1]
  16. ^Anderson, Joel."RUSSIAN COINS AND CURRENCY".Interesting World Coins.
  17. ^"Communist States: Russia and China".www.coinlands.com. Retrieved18 April 2021.
  18. ^Heritage, Timothy (4 May 2012)."Russia's Pravda hits 100, still urging workers to unite".Reuters. Retrieved18 April 2021.
  19. ^Thurston, Robert W.; Bonwetsch, Bernd (2000).The People's War: Responses to World War II in the Soviet Union (illustrated ed.). University of Illinois Press. p. 64.ISBN 9780252026003. Retrieved19 March 2015.
  20. ^Götrek, Pehr (1848).Kommunismens röst : förklaring af det kommunistiska partiet, offentliggjord i februari 1848. Pogo Press.ISBN 91-7386-018-2.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help).libris 7639421. reprint oflibris 2683080.
  21. ^abPateman, Joe (2 January 2020)."V. I. Lenin on the 'Black Question'".Critique.48 (1):77–93.doi:10.1080/03017605.2019.1706786.ISSN 0301-7605.S2CID 213348492. Retrieved9 November 2020.

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