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InVajrayana Buddhism, theWomb Realm (Sanskrit:garbhakoṣadhātu,Traditional Chinese: 胎蔵界;Pinyin:Tāizāngjiè;Rōmaji:taizōkai) is the metaphysical space inhabited by theFive Compassion Buddhas. The Womb Realm is based on theMahavairocana Tantra. The name of the mandala derives from chapter 2 of the sutra, where it is said that the buddhaMahāvairocana revealed the mandala's secret teachings to his discipleVajrasattva from his "womb of compassion".[1] In other translations, the termMatrix Realm orMatrix Mandala is used.[2]
The Womb Realm is a very popular subject formandalas, and along with theDiamond Realm (vajradhātu) Mandala forms theMandala of the Two Realms. This mandala, along with the Diamond Realm, form the core of ChineseTangmi and JapaneseTendai andShingon Buddhist rituals, includingabhisheka "initiation". In this ritual, new initiates are blindfolded and asked to toss a flower upon a mandala. Where the flower lands helps decide which Buddhist figure the student should devote themselves to.[3]
In traditional Tangmi and Shingon halls, the Womb Realm Mandala is hung on the east wall, symbolizing the young stage of Mahāvairocana.[4] In this setting, the Diamond Realm Mandala is hung on the west wall symbolizing the final realization of Mahāvairocana.[5]
The following is a basic outline of the main halls or quarters of the Womb Realm Mandala:[6]
Outside Vajra Hall
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Vairocana is depicted in regal attire wearing a jewelled crown in the center of an eight-petaled lotus. Four Buddhas, representing the four directions, are depicted directly above, below, left, and right of Vairocana.[7] The Buddha of the East, Ratnaketu, is illustrated on the top, the Buddha of the South, Samkusumita-raja to the right, the Buddha of the West,Amitabha, to the bottom, and the Buddha of the North, Divyadundubhimeganirghoṣa (Amoghasiddhi), to the Left.[7] Four bodhisattvas,Samantabhadra,Manjushri,Guanyin, andMaitreya, are illustrated between the Buddhas, clockwise.[7]
Vajras are illustrated between the petals of nine deities and symbolize the knowledge or wisdom (jnana) that crush illusions.[7]
Four vases containing a lotus and a three-pronged Vajra, are placed at the corners of the Center Hall. The hall is marked off by a five-colored boundary path with each color referring to one of the five buddhas, knowledges, directions, roots, conversions, syllables, elements, and forms.[8]
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