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| Witr prayer | |
|---|---|
| Official name | صلاة الوتر |
| Also called | Imparity prayer |
| Observed by | Muslims |
| Type | Islamic |
| Significance | An Islamic prayer offered to God after Isha prayer. |
| Observances | Sunnah prayers,Salah times |
| Begins | Chafa'a prayer |
| Ends | Fajr nafl prayer |
| Frequency | Daily |
| Related to | Salah,Nafl prayer,Five Pillars of Islam,Islamic prayers |
Witr (Arabic:وتر) is anIslamicprayer (salat) that is performed at night afterIsha (night-time prayer) or beforefajr (dawn prayer). Witr has an odd number ofraka'at prayed in pairs, with the final raka'ah prayed separately.[citation needed]
According toAbdullah ibn Umar,Muhammad: "The night prayer is offered as two raka'at followed by two raka'at and so on and if anyone is afraid of the approaching dawn (fajr prayer), he should pray one raka'ah and this will be a witr for all the raka'at which he has prayed before."[1]
In ahadith transmitted byAbu Darda, he states that Muhammad told him to do three things: to fast three days every month, to offer the witr salat before sleep, and to offer two raka'at sunnah for fajr.[2]
There is ahadith that says that the best time for the witr salat is at night, and that those who fear that they will not be able to awake, or may die in their sleep, should perform the prayer before sleeping.[3]
Ali ibn Abi Talib said, "The witr prayer is not required like your obligatory prayers but the Prophet would perform the witr prayer and say, 'O you people of theQuran, perform the witr prayer, forAllah is One and He loves the witr.'"(this is rated as daif (Weak))[4]
Narrated byAl-Hasan ibn Ali (who is the grandson of Muhammad) he said he was taught by Muhammad to say thequnūt du‘ā’ in Arabic as follows:
اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِنِي فِيمَنْ هَدَيْتَ وَعَافِنِي فِيمَنْ عَافَيْتَ وَتَوَلَّنِي فِيمَنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ وَبَارِكْ لِي فِيمَا أَعْطَيْتَ وَقِنِي شَرَّ مَا قَضَيْتَ إِنَّكَ تَقْضِي وَلاَ يُقْضَى عَلَيْكَ وَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَذِلُّ مَنْ وَّالَيْتَ وَلاَ يَعِزُّ مَنْ عَادَيْتَ تَبَارَكْتَ رَبَّنَا وَتَعَالَيْتَ
Allahumma ’hdi-niy fiyman hadayt, wa-‘āfi-niy fiyman ‘āfayt, wa-tawalla-niy fiyman tawallayt, wa-bārik liy fiy-mā ’a‘ṭayt, wa-qiniy sharra mā qaḍayt, inna-ka taqḍiy wa-lā yuqḍā ‘alayk, wa-inna-hu lā yaḏillu maw wālayt, wa-lā ya‘izzu man ‘ādayt, tabārakta Rabba-nā wa-ta‘ālayt.
“O Allah guide me among those You have guided, pardon me among those You have pardoned, befriend me among those You have befriended, bless me in what You have granted, and save me from the evil that You decreed. Indeed You decree, and none can pass decree, and none can pass decree upon You, indeed he is not humiliated whom You have befriended, blessed are You our Lord and Exalted.”
Followers of theHanafi school of thought commonly recite a second version of supplication of Witr prayer (Arabic:دعاء صلاة الوترdu‘ā’ ṣalātu ’l-Witr) as follows, which is said in the lastraka‘at ofwitr (since one raka'at follows the Sunnah, in this case performing in odd numbers - 3, 5, 7, 9 or 11 raka'ats), first by sayingtakbir with hands up, then saying the following verses while standing after the lastruku‘ and before Prostration:
اَللَّهُمَّ إنا نَسْتَعِينُكَ وَنَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَنُؤْمِنُ بِكَ ,وَنَتَوَكَّلُ عَلَيْكَ, وَنُثْنِئْ عَلَيْكَ الخَيْرَ. وَنَشْكُرُكَ وَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ وَنَخْلَعُ وَنَتْرُكُ مَنْ يَّفْجُرُكَ. اَللَّهُمَّ إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ, وَلَكَ نُصَلِّئ وَنَسْجُدُ, وَإِلَيْكَ نَسْعأئ وَنَحْفِدُ, وَنَرْجُو رَحْمَتَكَ وَنَخْشآئ عَذَابَكَ, إِنَّ عَذَابَكَ بِالكُفَّارِ مُلْحَقٌ
Allahumma in-nā nasta‘iynu-ka wa-nastaghfiru-ka wa-nu’minu bi-ka, wa-natawaku ‘alay-ka, wa-nuth-nī ‘alay-ka ’l-khayr(a). Wa-nashkuru-ka wa-lā nakfuru-ka wa-nakhla‘u wa-natru-ku may yafjuru-k(a). Allahumma iyya-ka na‘abudu, wa-laka nuṣallī wa-nasjudu, wa-ilay-ka nas‘ā wa-naḥfidu, wa-narjū raḥmataka wa nakhshā ‘azaba-k(a), in-nā ‘azaba-ka bi’l-kuffāri mulḥiq.
"O Allah! We invoke you for help, and beg for forgiveness, and we believe in you and have trust in you and we praise you, in the best way we can; and we thank you and we are not ungrateful to you, and we forsake and turn away from the one who disobeys you. O Allah! We worship you and prostrate ourselves before you, and we hasten towards you and serve you, and we hope to receive your mercy and we dread your torment. Surely, the disbelievers shall incur your torment."
Ibn ‘Uqayl al-Hanbali narrated that duas narrated from Muhammad should be what is recited as regular word, and anything added to it is by way of a concession. He said: What ismustahabb in our view is that which wasnarrated by al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali from the Prophet (SWS): “Allahumma ihdini…” – the well-knownhadīth.
He said: "If one adds to that the words narrated from ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), “Allahumma in-nā nasta‘iynu-ka… (O Allah, we seek Your help)…”, there is nothing wrong with that. End quote."
This was quoted byIbn Muflih in his comment on al-Muharrar, 1/89
In some cases, the one who prays can perform thedu‘ā’ ṣalātu ’l-Witr, it is permissible to make thequnūt before going intoruku‘ (bowing), or it may be recited when one stands up straight after theruku‘.
"Humaid says: "I asked Anas: 'Is the qunut before or after the ruku?' he said: 'We would do it before or after."
Thishadith was related byIbn Majah and Muhammad ibn Nasr. InFath al-Bari,Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani comments that its chain is faultless.
| Region/country | Language | Main |
|---|---|---|
| Arab World | Arabic | صلاة الوتر (Ṣalāh al-Witr) |
| Iran,Afghanistan,Uzbekistan andTajikistan | Persian | نماز وتر (Namaz e veter) |
| Pakistan,India | Urdu,Hindi | وتر, वित्र (Vitr, vitar) |
| Turkey | Turkish | Vitir namazı |
| Azerbaijan | Azerbaijani | Vitr namazı |
| Uzbekistan | Uzbek | Vitr namozi |
| Albania,Kosovo | Albanian | Namazi i vitri, vitrit |
| Balkans | Bosnian,Croatian,Montenegrin,Serbian | Vitr-namaz |
| Bangladesh,India | Bengali | বিতির (Bitir), বিতর (Bitor) |
| Somalia | Somali | Salaada witir |
| Southeast Asia | Bahasa Indonesia,Bahasa Melayu,Basa Jawa | Salat witir, solat witir |
Salah (Islamic prayer) | ||||||||||||
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| Prayer unit (raka'ah) and its constituents |
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