Representatives of all 30Major League Baseball teams and their 120Minor League Baseball affiliates convene for four days each December in theWinter Meetings to discuss league business and conduct off-season trades and transactions. Attendees include league executives, team owners, general managers, team scouts, visitors from baseball-playing countries, trade show exhibitors, and people seeking employment with minor league organizations.^[1][2][3] TheRule 5 draft, in which minor league players who are not on a team's40-man roster can be drafted by a major league team, is held on the last day of the meetings.^[4]

The tradition of baseball holding off-season meetings during December dates back to 1876, the first offseason of theNational League. At the 1876 meetings,William Hulbert was selected to be the league's president, and two teams (theNew York Mutuals andPhiladelphia Athletics) were expelled from the league for failing to play all their scheduled games; they had refused to make their final road trip of the season.^[5] The Winter Meetings became an annual event in 1901.

The Winter Meetings attract several thousand participants; in 2014 organizers anticipated 3,000 attendees. These include team owners, field managers, team scouts, players' agents, lawyers and accountants specializing in baseball, and visitors from baseball-playing countries.^[1][6][7] While it is rare for players who are under contract to attend,free agents often do come to take advantage of the opportunity to introduce themselves to many teams.^[6] At the 2014 Winter Meetings in San Diego, an estimated 750 media personnel receivedpress passes.^[8]

Receptions are held nightly by each of the 30 major league teams for their minor league affiliates.^[9] A luncheon is also held for major league managers and baseball reporters.^[10]

With all the principals in one place, the Winter Meetings are typically the site of player trades and free-agent signings.^[11] However, the informal meetings that used to take place in hotel lobbies up until the end of the 20th century have been replaced by texting and emailing; most interactions take place in the privacy of suites due to the preponderance of media personnel and fans converging on the site.^[8][10]

Among the notable trades and signings that have been made at the Winter Meetings are:

• At the 1975 Winter Meetings in Fort Lauderdale, newChicago White Sox ownerBill Veeck sat at a table in the lobby behind a sign that said "Open for Business". During the course of the meetings, Veeck negotiated six trades involving 22 players.^[12]
• At the 1988 Winter Meetings in Atlanta, theTexas Rangers closed three trades involving 15 players and signed free agent pitcherNolan Ryan.^[13]
• At the 1992 Winter Meetings in Louisville, first-time free agentBarry Bonds was signed by theSan Francisco Giants for six years and $43 million. Bonds personally negotiated to have a hotel suite at his disposal during road games.^[10]
• On the last day of the 2011 Winter Meetings in Dallas,Albert Pujols, who had won aWorld Series ring with theSt. Louis Cardinals that fall, inked a 10-year, $250 million deal with theLos Angeles Angels.^[14]
• In the space of 24 hours at the 2014 Winter Meetings in San Diego, theLos Angeles Dodgers concluded six transactions with four teams, involving 19 players and a free agent.^[15][16]
• On consecutive days during the 2019 Winter Meetings in San Diego,Gerrit Cole signed a nine-year, $324 million deal with theNew York Yankees, followed byAnthony Rendon agreeing to a seven-year, $245 million contract with theLos Angeles Angels the following evening.^[17]

Concurrent with the Winter Meetings, a trade show featuring close to 300 vendors of baseball equipment, services, and promotions takes place.^[6] Another annual event is the Professional Baseball Employment Opportunities Job Fair, during which recent college graduates seeking internships and employment with minor league organizations schedule on-site interviews.^[18] The month of December is considered "the height of baseball hiring season", as 400 to 500 workers are hired each year.^[19]

From 1951 to 2019, the "King of Baseball" title was awarded to a minor league veteran at the Winter Meetings banquet.^[20] With the 2020 minor-league season having been canceled due to COVID-19, the award was not presented in that year, and it was discontinued when MLB took over the minor leagues in 2021.

Several events associated with theHall of Fame also take place at the Winter Meetings:

• The voting bodies that superseded theVeterans Committee, which are now the only bodies that elect long-retired players and non-playing personnel to the Hall, meet and vote.^[10]
• The winner of theFord C. Frick Award for excellence in broadcasting is announced.^[21]
• TheBaseball Writers' Association of America conducts its annual meeting^[10] and announces the recipient of itsBBWAA Career Excellence Award (historically the J. G. Taylor Spink Award) for excellence in baseball writing.^[22] Both the Frick and Career Excellence Awards are presented as part of the Hall of Fame's annual induction festivities.
• The Scout of the Year award is presented at a special banquet.^[23][24]

• Carroll, Jeff (2007).Sam Rice: A Biography of the Washington Senators Hall of Famer. McFarland.ISBN 978-0786431199.
• Geltner, Ted (2012).Last King of the Sports Page: The Life and Career of Jim Murray. University of Missouri Press. p. 203.ISBN 978-0826272737.
• Gorman, Lou (2007).High and Inside: My Life in the Front Offices of Baseball. McFarland. p. 8.ISBN 978-0786431632.
• Peden, Buck (2011).Baseball, Golf, Wars, Women & Puppies: An Autobiography. AuthorHouse.ISBN 978-1456758431.
• Sandoval, Jim; Nowlin, Bill, eds. (2011).Can He Play? A look at baseball scouts and their profession.Society for American Baseball Research.ISBN 978-1933599236.
• Solomon, Arthur P.; Freeman, Allyn I. (2012).Making It in the Minors: A Team Owner's Lessons in the Business of Baseball. McFarland.ISBN 978-0786492978.
• Sypher, Beverly Davenport, ed. (1990).Case Studies in Organizational Communication (Revised ed.). Guilford Press.ISBN 0898622875.

• Lewin, Josh (2004).Getting in the Game: Inside Baseball's Winter Meetings. Brasseys.ISBN 1574887912.

• Winter MeetingsArchived January 1, 2012, at theWayback Machine
• PBEO Job FairArchived July 16, 2014, at theWayback Machine
• The Baseball Trade ShowArchived January 12, 2012, at theWayback Machine

• Major League Baseball labor relations
• December in sports
• Annual events in Major League Baseball

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