Winiary | |
|---|---|
District of Kalisz | |
 BlessedMichał Kozal church | |
  Winiary | |
| Coordinates:51°45′N18°08′E / 51.750°N 18.133°E /51.750; 18.133 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County/City | Kalisz |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | PK, PA |
| National roads |  |
Winiary[viˈɲarɨ] is a district ofKalisz,Poland,[1] located in the eastern part of the city.
TheWiniary food company is based in the district.
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The oldest known mention of Winiary dates back to 1294. Within the Kingdom of Poland, it was administratively located in the Kalisz County in theKalisz Voivodeship in theGreater Poland Province.
An ancient pagan cemetery was discovered in Winiary in 1890.[2]
According to the 1921 census, the village with the adjacent manor farm had a population of 606, entirelyPolish by nationality, 99.3%Roman Catholic and 0.7%Lutheran by confession.[3]
During theGerman occupation of Poland (World War II), in 1939–1940, Winiary was the site of German massacres of several hundreds of Poles (seeNazi crimes against the Polish nation). Among the victims were defenders of Kalisz, people from Winiary, Kalisz,Ostrów Wielkopolski,Ostrzeszów and other nearby settlements arrested during the genocidalIntelligenzaktion campaign, former insurgents of theGreater Poland uprising, merchants, entrepreneurs, teachers, school principals, doctors, railwaymen, lawyers, farmers and mayors of Ostrów Wielkopolski andOdolanów.[4][5] In 1940, the occupiers also carried outexpulsions of Poles, whose houses and farms were then handed over toGerman colonists as part of theLebensraum policy.[6] In 1940, Polish spy andresistance member Alfred Nowacki, officially classified as a German, settled in Winiary, and soon founded afood processing company.[7] The factory became a focal point of the Kalisz unit of theHome Army, and Nowacki fictitiously employed his Polish underground associates there.[7] In March 1944 he was arrested by theGestapo, then subjected to brutal investigation inŁódź, and eventually sentenced to death and executed in nearbySkarszew in 1945.[7]
The Kalisz Winiary railway station is located in the district.
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