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| William I | |
|---|---|
| Duke of Bavaria | |
 Portrait byWillem Thibaut | |
| Born | 12 May 1330 Frankfurt,Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 15 April 1389 (aged 58) Le Quesnoy |
| Spouse | Maud, Countess of Leicester |
| House | Wittelsbach |
| Father | Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor |
| Mother | Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut |
William I,Duke of Bavaria-Straubing (Frankfurt am Main, 12 May 1330 – 15 April 1389,[1]Le Quesnoy), was the second son ofEmperor Louis IV andMargaret II of Hainaut. He was also known asWilliam V,Count of Holland, asWilliam III,Count of Hainaut and asWilliam IVCount of Zeeland.
In 1345 William's father was conferring Hainaut, Holland, Zeeland and Friesland upon his wife Margaret, and shortly later also upon their son William. After his father's death in 1347, William ruledBavaria, Holland and Hainaut together with his five brothers until 1349. With the first division of theWittelsbach possessions in 1349 he received Hainaut, Holland andLower Bavaria together with his brothersStephen II andAlbert I. After the next division of Bavaria in 1353, he ruled together with his younger brother Albert I inBavaria-Straubing, Holland and Hainaut.
William had engaged in a long struggle with his mother Margaret, obtainingHolland andZeeland from her in 1354, andHainaut on her death in 1356.
In 1350, the nobles of Holland asked Margaret to return to Holland again. She thenbattled for the power in Holland and Hainaut for some years with her son William who refused to pay her alimony. The Cod league was formed on 23 May 1350 by a number of supporters of William. On 5 September the same year, the Hook league was formed. Soon afterwards, these factions clashed, and a civil war began.
Edward III of England, Margaret's brother-in-law through her sisterPhilippa of Hainault, came to her aid. In May 1351 William lost the navalBattle of Veere. A few weeks later, the Hooks and their English allies were defeated by William and the Cods in theBattle of Zwartewaal, which ruined Margaret's cause. Edward III shortly afterwards changed sides, and the empress saw herself compelled (1354) to come to an understanding with her son, he being recognized as count of Holland and Zeeland, she of Hainaut. Margaret died two years later, leaving William in possession of the entire Holland-Hainaut inheritance (July 1356). William was married to Matilda ("Maud" in the English style) of Lancaster, sister toBlanche of Lancaster.
In 1357, on returning from a trip to England, William began to show signs ofinsanity,[2] going so far as to attack and kill one of his knights (Gerard van Wateringe) for no apparent reason, before he could be restrained. His brother Albert assumed the regency in Holland and Hainaut in 1358. William, initially held inThe Hague, was then confined to Castle Le Quesnoy for the remainder of his life. There were unfounded rumors that his insanity was caused by a poisoning attempt while in England.[2]
Duke William of Bavaria, Count For Hainault, Holland and Zeeland. He was, truly, young and tall, strong and swarthy and agile, more fleet and dexterous than any man in his land, and he had married the daughter of the worthy and valiant Duke of Lancaster; but he was curiously distant and inscrutable: he wouldn't welcome or acknowledge people in the manner of a great prince, and took no pleasure in the company of ladies or damsels, at feasts or otherwise; nor did he have any close confidants (except just one, called master Thierry); and you could never be quite sure whether you were in favor with him or not. And in the end, not long after he'd arranged the peace between the Count of Flanders and the Duke of Brabant, he lost his wits entirely, and most of the time he had to be bound hand and foot. From that point on, the two lands of Hainault and Holland were governed by the lady his wife, and subsequently, since she never had a child by him, by his younger brother Duke Albert.
— Jean le Bel, The True Chronicles of Jean Le Bel, p. 107
He marriedMatilda of Lancaster, daughter ofHenry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster andIsabel de Beaumont in London in 1352.[3] They had only one daughter Alice, who died in 1356.
Also, he had illegitimate children:
He was succeeded by his brotherAlbert in 1389.
William I, Duke of Bavaria Born: 1330 Died: 1389 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Duke of Bavaria 1347–1349 withLouis V,Stephen II,Louis VI,Albert I,Otto V | Partitioned |
| New title | Duke of Lower Bavaria 1349–1353 withStephen II andAlbert I | |
| Duke of Bavaria-Straubing 1353–1388 withAlbert I | Succeeded by | |
| Preceded by | Count of Holland andZeeland 1354–1388 | |
| Count of Hainaut 1356–1388 | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| People | |
